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Recent research advances of self-discharge in supercapacitors:Mechanisms and suppressing strategies

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第7期30卷 94-109页

作者： Kunlun Liu Chang Yu Wei Guo Lin Ni Jinhe Yu Yuanyang Xie Zhao Wang Yongwen Ren Jieshan Qiu State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringLiaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina College of Chemical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Supercapacitors are one of the most promising energy storage devices in the fields of vehicle transportation,flexible electronic devices,aerospace,***,the existed self-discharge that is the spontaneous voltage decay after supercapacitors are fully charged,brings about the wide gap between experimental studies and practical utilization of *** eliminating the selfdischarge completely is not reachable,suppressing the self-discharge rate to the lowest point is possible and *** far,the significant endeavors have been devoted to achieve this ***,we summary and discuss the possible mechanisms for the self-discharge and the underlying influence ***,the strategies to suppress the self-discharge are systemically summed up by three independent but unified aspects:modifying the electrode,modulating the electrolyte and tuning the ***,the major challenges to suppress the self-discharge of supercapacitors are concluded and the promising strategies are also pointed out and *** review is presented with the view of serving as a guideline to suppress the self-discharge of supercapacitors and to across-the-board facilitate their widespread application.

关键词： Supercapacitors self-discharge Mechanism Suppressing strategy

Mitigation on self-discharge behaviors via morphological control of hierarchical Ni-sulfides/Ni-oxides electrodes for long-life-supercapacitors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 217-228页

作者： Dhananjay Mishra Niraj Kumar Ajit Kumar SeungGi Seo SungHun Jin Department of Electronic Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon 406-772 and also with Convergence Research Center for Insect VectorsIncheon National UniversityRepublic of Korea

To cope up with the sustainable energy storage goals for supercapacitors(SCs),the self-discharge in SC electrodes is a significant hurdle,and thereby,nickel sulfide(NS)with high conductivity is adopted as a test vehicle for understanding the morphological evolution effects for long-life ***,honeycomb-like NS is hierarchically formed over hydrothermally grown nickel oxide(NO)via successive ionic layer adsorption reaction(SILAR)*** heterostructure shows a fivefold improvement in specific capacitance from 348 F g^(−1) to 2077 F g^(−1)at 1 mV s^(−1) over bare ***,the remarkable upliftment of capacitance retention is achieved from 60.7%to 92.3%even after 3000 cycles via morphological control of NS/NO hetero-structure with the help of highly conductive *** importantly,the self-discharge behaviors and synergistic role of leakage current associated with morphological evolution via NS overcoating are studied in *** particular,the self-discharge mitigation from 45%(NO)to 35%(NS20/NO)due to the NS/NO heterostructure and the behind mechanism are ascribed to the activated-controlled Faradaic reaction coupled with a charge *** study emphasizes the potential importance of composite heterostructure by tuning the electrical conductivity and morphological adjustment NO via consecutive overcoating of NS through SILAR as a novel *** enhances charge storage,redox kinetics,and the mitigation of self-discharge properties of the active electrode *** practical validation on sustainable energy storage,NS20/NO supercapacitors illuminate the LED for 35%longer than NO after one-time charging,potentially beneficial for the next generation SCs.

关键词： Morphological evolution self-discharge SILAR overcoating Supercapacitors Heterostructure

Influence of the iodide/iodine redox system on the self-discharge of AC/AC electrochemical capacitors in salt aqueous electrolyte

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2015年第6期25卷 622-630页

作者： Qamar Abbas Fran?ois Béguin Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of Technology

self-discharge(SD) of AC/AC(AC ? activated carbon) electrochemical capacitors in aqueous solutions of lithium sulfate(Li2SO4) and lithium sulfate t iodide salts(Li2SO4tKI or Li2SO4tLi I) was investigated at 24 1C and 40 1C after cell potential hold at values from 1 V to 1.6 ***24 1C,the cells exhibit lower SD in Li2SO4tKI than in Li2SO4,owing to the redox activity of the 2I /I2 system which drives the positive AC electrode to operate in narrow potential range and display lower potential drop than in *** 401 C,the capacitors exhibit comparable and reduced SD both in Li2SO4tLi I and Li2SO4,whatever the holding cell ***-electrode cell experiments demonstrate that,at 40 1C,hydrogen chemisorption is thermodynamically unfavored under negative polarization,while the activity of the 2I /I2 redox system under positive polarization is only slightly *** a consequence,the AC/AC cells in Li2SO4 exhibit a typical electrical double-layer performance at 401 C,whereas they still behave as hybrid ones in Li2SO4tLi I,with twice higher capacitance than in ***(Ui-Ut) vs t1/2plots demonstrate that SD is essentially controlled by diffusion at 401 C,suggesting that it originates from bulkier hydrated ***,in the investigated temperature range,the AC/AC capacitors in Li2SO4tLi I demonstrate low self-discharge and high capacitance,while being able to operate up to 1.6 V.

关键词： Supercapacitors Activated carbon self-discharge Salt aqueous electrolyte Iodide/iodine redox system Activation and diffusion controlled mechanisms

Bipolar ionomer electrolytes with desirable self-discharge suppression for supercapacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 422-429,I0012页

作者： Wenqiang Wang Qingyun Zeng Ruoyu Wang Gengchao Wang Chunzhong Li Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials School of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Supercapacitors based on electric double layers are prone to serious self-discharge due to electrolyte ion desorption and the resulting energy loss severely limits the application range of *** design of polymer electrolyte systems to address this problem shows considerable generality and high ***,we reported a quasi-solid-state bipolar ionomer electrolyte prepared by an in-situ layer-by-layer ultraviolet-curing method,which has an integrated Janus structure with an intermediate binding *** on the synergistic effect of confining impurity ions by ionizable groups and electrostatic repulsion to stabilize the electric double layers and superimposing synergies on both sides,the assembled device not only possesses ideal supercapacitor characteristics,but also exhibits an ultrahigh voltage retention of 71% after being left to stand for 100 h after being fully ***,through the quasi-in-situ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy linear scanning,the characteristics of ion diffusion in this ionomer electrolyte are revealed,suggesting its correlation with self-discharge behavior.

关键词： Bipolar membrane Ionomer electrolyte Supercapacitors self-discharge

Understanding the Coffee ring Effect on self-discharge Behavior of Printed micro-Supercapacitors

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第1期5卷 321-326页

作者： Jingzhi Hu Zhaohua Xu Kai Yuan Chao Shen Keyu Xie Bingqing Wei Research&Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityShenzhen 518057China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of DelawareNewark DE 19716USA

Printed micro-supercapacitor exhibits its flexibility in geometry design and integration,showing unprecedented potential in powering the internet of things and portable ***,the printing process brings undesired processing defects(e.g.,coffee ring effect),resulting in severe self-discharge of the printed *** impact of such problems on device performance is poorly understood,limiting further development of ***,by analyzing the self-discharge behavior of fully printed micro-supercapacitors,the severe self-discharge problem is accelerated by the ohmic leakage caused by the coffee ring effect on an ultrathin polymer *** on this understanding,the coffee ring effect was successfully eradicated by introducing graphene oxide in the polymer electrolyte,achieving a decline of 99%in the self-discharge ***,the micro-supercapacitors with uniformly printed polymer electrolyte present 7.64 F cm^(-3)volumetric capacitance(14.37 mF cm^(-2)areal capacitance),exhibiting about 50%increase compared to the one without graphene oxide *** work provides a new insight to understand the relationship between processing defects and device performance,which will help improve the performance and promote the application of printed micro-supercapacitors.

关键词： coffee ring effect hybrid printing micro-supercapacitor polymer electrolyte self-discharge

Regulating the synergy coefficient of composite materials for alleviating self-discharge of supercapacitors

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能源化学:英文版 2023年第9期84卷 34-40页

作者： Siqi Jing Xiaohui Yan Yige Xiong Taibai Li Junkai Xiong Tao Hu Zhongjie Wang Liang Lou Xiang Ge Department of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina

Supercapacitor is an efficient energy storage device,yet its wider application is still limited by ***,various composite materials have been reported to have improved inhibition on self-discharge,while the evaluation of the synergistic effect in composite materials is ***,pairs of intercalation type pseudocapacitive niobium oxides are pre-lithiated and coupled to construct conjugatedly configured supercapacitors,within which the cathode and anode experience identical reaction environment with single type of charge carrier,thus providing ideal platform to quantify the synergistic effect of composite materials on the self-discharge *** using titanium dioxide as the stabilizer,we have compared how the modes of forming composite would influence the selfdischarge performance of the active composite materials with similar ratio of the constituent ***,core@shell Nb_(2)O_(5)@TiO_(2) composite using TiO_(2) as the shell shows significantly higher synergy coefficient(μ=0.61,defined as the value that evaluates the synergistic effect between composite materials,and can be quantified using the overall performance of the composite,performance of individual component as well as the ratio of the component.) than other control group samples,which corresponds to the highest retained energy of 63% at 100 *** work is expected to provide a general method for quantifying the synergistic effect and guide the design of composite materials with specific mode of forming the composite.

关键词： Pseudocapacitive Synergy coefficient Conjugated supercapacitor Niobium oxide self-discharge

Correlation between self-discharge behavior and heteroatoms over doped carbon sheets for enhanced pseudocapacitance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 291-298,I0008页

作者： Kunlun Liu Chang Yu Yuanyang Xie Wei Guo Jinhe Yu Lin Ni Zhao Wang Rong Fu Jieshan Qiu State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringLiaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024LiaoningChina

For electric double layer supercapacitors,carbon materials originating from the purely physical energystorage mechanism limit the improvement in the capabilities of charge *** solve this problem,doping heteroatoms into carbon skeleton is a promising&charming strategy for enhancing electrochemical performance by providing the extra ***,the self-discharge behavior of such heteroatom-doped supercapacitors has been a challenging issue for a long ***,the porous carbon nanosheets with a tunable total content of heteroatoms are chosen as a demo to systemically decouple the correlation between the total content of heteroatoms and the specific capacitance as well as the self-discharge *** capacitance changes in a range of 164–331 F g^(-1)@1 A g^(-1)with the increased total contents of doped heteroatom,strongly dependent on and sensitive to the total content of *** voltage retention rate and capacitance retention rate for the porous carbon nanosheets with a tunable total content of heteroatoms completely present a quick decline tendency as the increase in the content of heteroatoms,changing from 58%to 34%and 74%to 39%,respectively,indicative of a linear negative *** importantly,the self-discharge mechanisms are elaborately explored and follow the combination of activation-and diffusion-controlled Faradic *** work illustrates the diverse impacts of the doped heteroatoms on the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors,covering specific capacitance and self-discharge behavior,and highlights the importance of balancing the contents of doped heteroatoms in energy storage fields.

关键词： Supercapacitor Heteroatom-doped carbon self-discharge Capacitance

self-discharge in Valve-Regulated Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 1996年第4期3卷 21-25页

作者：董保光张秋道陈振宁

Factors that cause the self-discharge in valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries are discussed and measures to inhibit the self-discharge are put forward.

关键词： ss: self-discharge valve-regulated lead-acid battery

Mitigating self-discharge of carbon-based electrochemical capacitors by modifying their electric-double layer to maximize energy efficiency

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第11期28卷 214-218页

作者： Yu-Zuo Wang Xu-Yi Shan Da-Wei Wang Hui-Ming Cheng Feng Li Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina China Aviation Lithium Battery Technology Co.Ltd Luoyang 471000HenanChina School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016LiaoningChina

self-discharge is a significant issue in electric double layer energy storage, which leads to a rapid voltage drop and low energy efficiency. Here, we attempt to solve this problem by changing the structure of the electric double layer into a de-solvated state, by constructing a nano-scale and ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer on the surface of a carbon electrode. The ion concentration gradient and potential field that drive the self-discharge are greatly restricted inside this electric double layer. Based on this understanding, a high-efficiency graphene-based lithium ion capacitor was built up, in which the self-discharge rate is reduced by 50% and the energy efficiency is doubled. The capacitor also has a high energy density, high power output and long life, and shows promise for practical applications.

关键词： Electric double layer self-discharge Graphene Lithium ion capacitor