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Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional nestedness of mammal assemblages in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China

CURRENT ZOOLOGY 2024年第6期70卷 728-738页

作者： Zhan, Chengxiu Li, Bicheng Chen, Chuanwu Wang, Yanping Nanjing Normal Univ Coll Life Sci Lab Isl Biogeog & Conservat Biol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Shanghai Sci & Technol Museum Nat Hist Res Ctr Shanghai 200127 Peoples R China

Nestedness is an important part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography and community ecology. However, most previous studies focused on taxonomic dimension and overlooked functional and phylogenetic nestedness. Here, we simultaneously investigated taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic nestedness of terrestrial mammals on 39 land-bridge islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. As mammals' response to the environment may depend on their body size, we performed analyses for three mammal assemblages separately: overall species, large and medium-sized species, and small species. The taxonomic nestedness was quantified by organizing the species incidence matrix, while the functional and phylogenetic nestedness were estimated by combining the similarity of their ecological traits and phylogeny. Island characteristics (island area, three isolation indices, land use intensity, and habitat diversity) and species traits (body size, litter size, habitat specificity, geographic range size, and minimum area requirement) were used as predictors of nestedness. Overall and small species were significantly nested in 3 facets of nestedness, and results supported the selective extinction, selective colonization, and habitat nestedness hypotheses. Large and medium-sized species were functionally and phylogenetically nested when matrices were ordered by increasing distance to mainland, supporting the selective colonization hypothesis. Overall, differences in nestedness and its underlying mechanisms were detected not only in 3 facets of nestedness but also in the 3 mammal assemblages. Therefore, frameworks that incorporate taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional nestedness can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of nestedness processes. Additionally, it also improves our ability to understand the divergent responses of mammal assemblages to the insular environment.

关键词： body size functional nestedness habitat nestedness mammals phylogenetic nestedness selective extinction selective colonization Zhoushan Archipelago

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Research advances on encapsulation of probiotics with nanomaterials and their repair mechanisms on intestinal barriers

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第6期13卷 3095-3109页

作者： Xiaochen Wang Mengxi Yu Jianming Ye Ting Liu Lijuan Jian Xiaoyan Zheng Yuan Wang Wei Song Yane Luo Tianli Yue College of Food Science and Technology Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China College of Chemical Engineering Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering Xi'an 710069China Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control Xi'an 710069China

Probiotics participate in various physiological activities and contribute to body ***,their viability and bioefficacy are adversely affected by gastrointestinal harsh conditions,such as gastric acid,bile salts and various ***,encapsulation based on various nanomaterials shows tremendous potential to protect *** this review,we introduced some novel encapsulation technologies involving nanomaterials in view of predesigned stability and viability,selective adhesion,smart release and colonization,and efficacy exertion of encapsulated ***,the interactions between encapsulated probiotics and the gastrointestinal tract were summarized and analyzed,with highlighting the regulatory mechanisms of encapsulated probiotics on intestinal mechanical barrier,chemical barrier,biological barrier and immune *** review would benefit the food and pharmaceutical industries in preparation and utilization of multifunctional encapsulated probiotics.

关键词： Probiotics Encapsulation Environment-responsive release Repair mechanisms selective colonization

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Bacteria in cancer therapy: beyond immunostimulation

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2018年第1期4卷 44-68页

作者： Wheeler Torres Victor Lameda Luis Carlos Olivar Carla Navarro Jorge Fuenmayor Adrian Perez Andres Mindiola Milagros Rojas Maria Sofia Martinez Manuel Velasco Joselyn Rojas Valmore Bermudez Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center the University of ZuliaMaracaibo 4001Venezuela Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center(GRECC)Miami 33125FLUSA Departme nt of Pharmacology "JM Vargas"Medical SchoolCentral University of VenezuelaCaracas 1050Venezuela Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115MAUSA Advaneed Frontier Studies Research Group(ALEF) Simon Bolivar UniversityCucuta 540006Colombia

Currently,conventional therapies in cancer are improving;chemotherapy,radiotherapy and surgery have increased survival *** therapies have arisen with the same goal;immunotherapy has appeared as a promising option in the fight against cancer stimulating the immune system by inducing innate and adaptive *** responses include release of pro-inflammatory cytokines,making the immune system capable to eliminate or protect against multiple ***,many of these therapies are being used in clinical settings,such as checkpoint inhibitors,monoclonal anti cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte associated protein 4(CTL-4)and programmed death protein 1(PD1),with inspiring results;however,they may decrease immunotolerance,limiting their *** the same time,chemotherapy works by passive transport across the cell membrane,limiting its capacity to penetrate in tumor *** these reasons,bacteria employment represents one of the best candidates for cancer *** can surpass these barriers with their selective colonization which also has an oncolytic effect by increasing proliferation and immunostimulation in the tumor *** strains,such as Mycobacterium bovis,Clostridium,Salmonella typhimirium and Listeria monocytogenes have been studied showing promising results in experimental ***,their application in clinical trials has shown the need to maximize their therapeutic *** engineering and synthetic biology are necessary to prove the scope that this novel approach has against cancer due to implications of cancer therapy and public health.

关键词： Bacterium cancer selective colonization salmonella clostridium listeria

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