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A selective attention Guided Initiative Semantic Cognition Algorithm for Service Robot

International Journal of Automation and computing 2018年第5期15卷 559-569页

作者： Huan-Zhao Chen Guo-Hui Tian Guo-Liang Liu School of Control Science and Engineering University of Shandong

With the development of artificial intelligence and robotics, the study on service robot has made a significant progress in recent years. Service robot is required to perceive users and environment in unstructured domestic environment. Based on the perception,service robot should be capable of understanding the situation and discover service task. So robot can assist humans for home service or health care more accurately and with initiative. Human can focus on the salient things from the mass observation information. Humans are capable of utilizing semantic knowledge to make some plans based on their understanding of the environment. Through intelligent space platform, we are trying to apply this process to service robot. A selective attention guided initiatively semantic cognition algorithm in intelligent space is proposed in this paper. It is specifically designed to provide robots with the cognition needed for performing service tasks. At first, an attention selection model is built based on saliency computing and key area. The area which is highly relevant to service task could be located and referred as focus of attention（FOA）. Second, a recognition algorithm for FOA is proposed based on a neural network. Some common objects and user behavior are recognized in this step. At last, a unified semantic knowledge base and corresponding reasoning engine is proposed using recognition result. Related experiments in a real life scenario demonstrated that our approach is able to mimic the recognition process in humans, make robots understand the environment and discover service task based on its own cognition. In this way, service robots can act smarter and achieve better service efficiency in their daily work.

关键词： Service robot cognition computing selective attention semantic knowledge base artificial neural network.

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A selective attention-based contextual perception approach for a humanoid robot

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2007年第3期5卷 244-252页

作者： Yanrong JIANG Nanfeng XIAO School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China

A humanoid robot is always flooded by sensed information when sensing the environment, and it usually needs significant time to compute and process the sensed information. In this paper, a selective attention-based contextual perception approach was proposed for humanoid robots to sense the environment with high efficiency. First, the connotation of attention window （AW） is extended to make a more general and abstract definition of AW, and its four kinds of operations and state transformations are also discussed. Second, the attention control policies are described, which integrate intensionguided perceptual objects selection and distractor inhibition, and can deal with emergent issues. Distractor inhibition is used to filter unrelated information. Last, attention policies are viewed as the robot＇s perceptual modes, which can control and adjust the perception efficiency. The experimental results show that the presented approach can promote the perceptual efficiency significantly, and the perceptual cost can be effectively controlled through adopting different attention policies.

关键词： Humanoid robot Perceptual approach selective attention Distractor inhibition attentional control

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The effect of attention to distractor on inhibitory processes in selective attention

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Science Bulletin 2005年第16期 73-80页

作者： GENG Haiyan1, SONG Qianlan1, LI Yunfeng2 & ZHU Ying1 1. Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Department of psychology, Purdue university, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA

selective attention has been viewed as a dual- process mechanism, that is, exciting targets and inhibiting distractors. Most early studies concentrated mainly on the target-excitation, whereas recent investigations began to pay more attention to the inhibitory selective attention mecha-nism. A measure named negative priming (NP) was exten-sively employed to probe into the inhibitory processes. The Houghton and Tipper Model put forward a notion: the inhi-bition that feeds back to the distractor is reactive. That means, the level of inhibition is determined by the activation state of the distractor. Distractors that are more salient and intrude into the control of action receive greater inhibitory feedbacks than less salient distractors. Because increasing attention to an object would enhance the early processing of this object, we thus hypothesized that augmenting the level of attention to a distractor might lead to a higher level of inhi-bition, revealed as a corresponding augmentation in the magnitude of NP effect. To test this assumption, an object- based identification task was then applied, and participants were asked to make the animate/inanimate categorization. attention level was manipulated by varying the relative spa-tial locations of target and distractor (overlapped or sepa-rated). A reliable greater NP effect was found in the over-lapped than separated condition, indicating that distractors under the high-level attention condition (overlapped) got greater initial excitation, and then evoked greater subsequent inhibitory feedbacks, therefore resulting in a larger NP effect. These results provide direct evidence for the reactive inhibi-tion suggested by the Houghton and Tipper model. Mean-while a coincident greater positive priming (PP) effect was obtained under the overlapped than separated condition, which could be attributed to the higher level of target activa-tion in the overlapped condition. The covariation of NP and PP effects further confirmed that

关键词： selective attention negative priming attention level distractor inhibition interference effect.

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Guiding attention by Cooperative Cues

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第5期23卷 874-884页

作者： KangWoo Lee School of Media Soongsil University 1-1 Sangdo-5 Dong Dong-Jak Ku Seoul 156-743 Korea

A common assumption in visual attention is based on the rationale of ＂limited capacity of information processing＂. From this view point there is little consideration of how different information channels or modules are cooperating because cells in processing stages are forced to compete for the limited resource. To examine the mechanism behind the cooperative behavior of information channels, a computational model of selective attention is implemented based on two hypotheses. Unlike the traditional view of visual attention, the cooperative behavior is assumed to be a dynamic integration process between the bottom-up and top-down information. Furthermore, top-down information is assumed to provide a contextual cue during selection process and to guide the attentional allocation among many bottom-up candidates. The result from a series of simulation with still and video images showed some interesting properties that could not be explained by the competitive aspect of selective attention alone.

关键词： selective attention cooperation competition cooperative cues guidance

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CSMCCVA:Framework of cross-modal semantic mapping based on cognitive computing of visual and auditory sensations

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High Technology Letters 2016年第1期22卷 90-98页

作者：刘扬 Zheng Fengbin Zuo Xianyu Laboratory of Spatial Information Processing Henan University College of Computer Science and Information Engineering Henan University College of Environment and Planning Henan University Institute of Data and Knowledge Engineering Henan University

Cross-modal semantic mapping and cross-media retrieval are key problems of the multimedia search *** study analyzes the hierarchy,the functionality,and the structure in the visual and auditory sensations of cognitive system,and establishes a brain-like cross-modal semantic mapping framework based on cognitive computing of visual and auditory *** mechanism of visual-auditory multisensory integration,selective attention in thalamo-cortical,emotional control in limbic system and the memory-enhancing in hippocampal were considered in the ***,the algorithms of cross-modal semantic mapping were *** results show that the framework can be effectively applied to the cross-modal semantic mapping,and also provides an important significance for brain-like computing of non-von Neumann structure.

关键词： multimedia neural cognitive computing (MNCC) brain-like computing cross-modal semantic mapping (CSM) selective attention limbic system multisensory integration memory-enhancing mechanism

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Using eye movements in the dot-probe paradigm to investigate attention bias in illness anxiety disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第3期11卷 73-86页

作者： Yan-Bo Zhang Peng-Chong Wang Yun Ma Xiang-Yun Yang Fan-Qiang Meng Simon A Broadley Jing Sun Zhan-Jiang Li The Department of Clinical Psychology and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing An’Ding HospitalCapital Medical Universityand Center of SchizophreniaBeijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijing 100089China Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100089China Psychology Department Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100089China Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine Griffith UniversityGold Coast 4222QueenslandAustralia

BACKGROUND Illness anxiety disorder(IAD)is a common,distressing,and debilitating condition with the key feature being a persistent conviction of the possibility of having one or more serious or progressive physical *** eye movements are guided by visual-spatial attention,eye-tracking technology is a comparatively direct,continuous measure of attention direction and speed when stimuli are *** have tried to identify selective visual attention biases by tracking eye movements within dot-probe paradigms because dot-probe paradigm can distinguish these attentional biases more *** To examine the association between IAD and biased processing of illness-related *** A case-control study design was used to record eye movements of individuals with IAD and healthy controls while participants viewed a set of pictures from four categories(illness-related,socially threatening,positive,and neutral images).Biases in initial orienting were assessed from the location of the initial shift in gaze,and biases in the maintenance of attention were assessed from the duration of gaze that was initially fixated on the picture per image *** The eye movement of the participants in the IAD group was characterized by an avoidance bias in initial orienting to illness-related *** was no evidence of individuals with IAD spending significantly more time viewing illness-related images compared with other *** with IAD had an attention bias at the early stage and overall attentional *** addition,this study found that patients with significant anxiety symptoms showed attention bias in the late stages of attention *** Illness-related information processing biases appear to be a robust feature of IAD and may have an important role in explaining the etiology and maintenance of the disorder.

关键词： attention bias selective attention Eye tracking Dot-probe Illness anxiety disorder Disengagement

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高效率学习的心理机制研究

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心理学 2006年第5期

作者：沈德立白学军

本课题通过一系列研究，发现要实现高效率学习，应在知识呈现符合学生认识规律的情况下，具备以下五个主要心理要素：选择性注意是实现高效率学习的前提，元认知是高效率学习的监控系统，非智力因素是高效率学习的动力源泉，学习策略是... 详细信息

本课题通过一系列研究，发现要实现高效率学习，应在知识呈现符合学生认识规律的情况下，具备以下五个主要心理要素：选择性注意是实现高效率学习的前提，元认知是高效率学习的监控系统，非智力因素是高效率学习的动力源泉，学习策略是实现高效率学习的保障，内隐认知，特别是内隐学习是高效率学习的特殊形式。

关键词：高效率学习选择性注意元认知非智力因素学习策略内隐认知 high-efficiency learning selective attention meta-cognitive non-intelligent factor learning strategy implicit cognition

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中小学生数学学习粗心现象与注意能力的关系

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心理学 2016年第7期

作者：徐晓波庞维国

旨在从实证角度对中小学生数学学习粗心现象与注意能力的关系进行探讨，并据此进行干预训练。研究一通过SART任务和Flanker任务，考察了粗心型和细心型学生在持续性注意和选择性注意方面的差异。研究二通过对粗心型学生进行自我解释训... 详细信息

旨在从实证角度对中小学生数学学习粗心现象与注意能力的关系进行探讨，并据此进行干预训练。研究一通过SART任务和Flanker任务，考察了粗心型和细心型学生在持续性注意和选择性注意方面的差异。研究二通过对粗心型学生进行自我解释训练，探讨该方法在矫正粗心现象中的实际效用。结果显示：(1)细心型学生在选择性注意上显著优于粗心型学生，但在持续性注意方面并无显著差异；(2)自我解释训练对于克服数学学习中的粗心现象具有一定效果，但与传统方法相比并无显著优势。这表明，难以抑制无关刺激的干扰是导致粗心的重要原因，短期的自我解释训练并不能显著提高粗心型学生的数学成绩。

关键词：粗心持续性注意选择性注意自我解释 carelessness sustained attention selective attention self-explanation

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