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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第1期64卷 96-109页

作者： Xingfu HUANG Rui GAO Wenhui LI Xiaosong XIONG School of Earth Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519000China Key L aboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological ScienceBeijing 100037China SinoProbe Center Chinese Academy of Geological ScienceBeijing 100037China

The geological processes responsible for outward growth of the Tibetan Plateau are *** Qilian Mountains on the northeastern margin of the plateau comprise one of the youngest structural components of the plateau whose understanding is key to deciphering the broader geological evolution of the ***,based on a reprocessed deep seismic profile which was originally collected during the 1990 s across the northeast margin of the western Qilian Mountains and previous geological and geophysical data,we find evidence for decoupled crustal deformation that was partitioned by a decollement,in which lowercrustal deformation featured by local duplexing preceded upper-crustal deformation featured by imbricate ***,we propose that the Asian lithospheric mantle is being underthrust beneath the western Qilian Mountains,as inferred from patterns of lower crustal deformation which is marked by the Moho *** these results yields a better understanding of lithospheric deformation of western Qilian Mountains,northeastern margin of the plateau during the Cenozoic.

关键词： seismic reflection Crustal duplexing Lithospheric underthrusting Qilian Mountains NE Tibetan Plateau

Structural Characteristics of the Basement beneath Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Results of Interaction Interpretation from seismic reflection/Refraction Data

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 358-377页

作者： LI Qiusheng GAO Rui FENG Shaoying LU Zhanwu HOU Hesheng GUAN Ye LI Pengwu WANG Haiyan YE Zhuo XIONG Xiaosong LIU Jinkai HE Rizheng Institute of Geology CAGS Earthprobe and Geodynamics Open Laboratory of CAGS The Geophysical Exploration center CEA East China Petroleum Geology Bureau China Petrochemical Corporation

The studies on configuration, character/property of the basement of Qiangtang basin is helpful for evaluating petroleum and nature gas resources as well as understanding the basin evolvement. Recently a moderate to high-grade metamorphic gneiss rock was found underlying beneath very low metamorphic Ordovician strata in Mayer Kangri to the north of the central uplift. That fact actually proved existence of the crystalline basement just the distribution and structures of pre-Paleozoic crystalline basement still remain puzzle. In recent years a number of active sources deep seismic profiling, to aim at lithospheric structure of northern Tibet and petroleum resources of the Qiangtang basin, had been conducted that make it possible to image the structure of the basement of the Qiangtang. Near vertical reflection profiles, included those acquired previously and those during 2004 to 2008, have been utilized in this study. By through the interaction process and interpretation between the reflection profiles and the wide-angle profile, a model with the detailed structure and velocity distribution from surface to the depth of 20 km of Qiangtang basin has been *** on the results and discussions of this study, the preliminary conclusions are as follows：（1） The velocity structure section （~20 kin） that is interactively constrained by the refraction and reflection seismic data reveals that the sedimentary stratum gently lie until 10 km in the south Qiangtang basin. （2） The basement consists of fold basement （the upper） and crystalline basement （the lower）.The fold basement buried at the average depth of 6 km with a velocity of 5.2-5.8 km/s. The shallowest appear at range of the central uplift. The crystalline basement is underlying beneath the fold basement at the average depth of 10 km with a velocity of 5.9-6.0 km/s except near Bangong-Nujiang suture. （3） The high-velocity body at the depth range of 3-6 km of the central uplift is considered as a fragment of the cryst

关键词： seismic reflection seismic refraction basement structure Qiangtang basin Qinghai-TibetPlateau

Exploring the Wenchuan earthquake fault through the accurate location of WFSD-4#Well using seismic reflection

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Applied Geophysics 2022年第4期19卷 473-484,603页

作者： Feng Yang-Yang Yu Chang-Qing Li Hai-Bing Qu Chen Wu Chan Wang Qi Luo Su Huang Jin-Peng Rehana Ghazi Engineering Research Center of Nuclear Technology Application Ministry of EducationEast China University of TechnologyNanchangJX330013China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing100037China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China Tuha Division BGP Inc.CNPCHami839009China Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan430074China Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650093China

Deep drilling data on seismogenic faults that are obtained directly can help in understanding earthquake mechanisms and the resulting changes in deep structure and material ***,geophysical data are necessary to ensure that the planned borehole accurately drills through the target *** this study,the deep crustal structure of the Longmenshan fault is explored to obtain seismogenic fault characteristics of the Wenchuan earthquake.A scientific drilling project,Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling No.4 Borehole(WFSD-4)is proposed with a borehole designed to drill through the north section of the fault zone while penetrating as many geological bodies and target layers related to seismogenic fault slip as ***-precision seismic exploration is then carried out to study the deep structure of the fault zone and achieve the scientific objective of the *** high-precision deep seismic reflection lines were arranged perpendicularly to the fault zone,and data were obtained through special acquisition schemes and processing ***,the surface position and drilling depth route of WFSD-4 are determined based on the interpretation results of seismic *** seismic reflection method for site selection of the Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling is proven feasible by comparing the interpretation with the actual drilling results,laying the foundation for further study on the deep structures of fault zones.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake site selection of drilling seismic reflection special processing method

Hammer-Impact SH-Wave seismic reflection Methods in Neotectonic Investigations: General Observations and Case Histories from the Mississippi Embayment, U.S.A.

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 513-525页

作者： James B Harris Millsaps College Jackson MississippiUSA

Shallow shear-wave seismic reflection imaging, using a sledgehammer and mass energy source and standard processing, has become increasingly common in mapping near-surface geologic features, especially in water-saturated, unconsolidated sediments. Tests of the method in the Mississippi Embayment region of the central United States show interpretable reflection arrivals in the depth range of 〈10 m to 〉100 m with the potential for increased resolution when compared with compressional-wave data. Shear-wave reflection prof＇des were used to help interpret the significance of neotectonic surface deformation at five sites in the Mississippi Embayment. The interpreted profiles show a range of shallow structural styles that include reverse faulting, fault propagation folding, and reactivated normal faulting, and provide crucial subsurface evidence in support of paleoseismologic trenching and shallow drilling.

关键词： shear wave seismic reflection neotectonics.

Study of“bright spots”in seismic reflection data

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Global Geology 2017年第2期20卷 106-111页

作者： YANG Li HAN Liguo LU Zhanwu HU Yong College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Key Laboratory of Earth Probe and Geodynamics Ministry of Land and ResourcesBeijing 100037China

"bright spot" on reflection seismic profile has been regarded as one of the important indications of oil and gas,and it has been widely used in the oil and gas exploration. Moreover,with the development of new technologies,"bright spot" technique has been gradually applied to the exploration of coal,underground water and other fields,and also in the research of deep structure of the earth. Based on the reviewing of published literatures,the authors described the structural features and generation of "bright spot" on seismic profile for energy resources exploration and crustal-scale deep seismic reflection profiles,and further summarized the applications of the "bright spot"technique in energy resource exploration and deep structure research.

关键词： seismic reflection bright spot resources and energy deep structure

Using pseudo-entropy of seismic reflection data to predict sedimentary facies

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Using pseudo-entropy of seismic reflection data to predict s...

The suppression of seismic source’s multiples in the water seismic reflection

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2003学术年会

作者：梁光河蔡新平张宝林徐兴旺 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

A recent research shows that the internal structures developed during a sedimentary process vary regularly with the direction of *** complexity of the internal structures can be described by using pseudo-entropy from seismic reflection *** analyzing spatial variation in the pseudo-entropy of seismic data,the sedimentary facies types can be estimated and the prospective zones of sandstone can be *** new method for sedimentary facies analysis has shown particular promise in the Erlian basin in North China.

关键词： pseudo-entropy seismic reflection sedimentary facies

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The suppression of seismic source’s multiples in the water ...

SH-Mode seismic-reflection Imaging of Earthfill Dams

The 2nd International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics

作者： Xueqiang Zhang Xiangpeng Zhu Zhe Yan Xueming Shi Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

＜正＞More and more water exploration tasks are proposed. seismic reflection method is mostly used for underwater stratigraphic division or investigating and verifying geological structure. The method of multichannel receiving is difficultly applied, because the shotpoint and the geophones are hardly in a straight line, the spread hardly coincides with the survey line too. So the method of single channel receiving is often used. In this method, a ship or a bar is used as the seismic source. The former seismic source can produce great energy, but it is very heavy and needs lifting equipment. The latter seismic source produces energy more weakly, but it is light and convenient and can meet certain depth exploration requirements. Therefore, in the actual work, the seismic bar source is often applied. But multiple reflection produced by beating the top of the bar seismic source significantly reduces the quality of the water seismic data. The reliability of geological interpretation is also affected. Previously, such data was processed generally by the method of low-pass filtering, but the resolution of seismic data was lowered. In this article, we suppress the multiple waves by the method of predictive deconvolution and certify the validity of the method by numerical analogue. And then we propose a improved algorithm. The multiples in the record of the model can be absolutely eliminated by the improved algorithm. After the real-world data in which there is much serious interference produced by multiples is processed by the improved algorithm, the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of the data is improved and a perfect result is achieved.

关键词： seismic reflection seismic source’s multiples predictive deconvolution bar seismic source resolution

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 694-701页

作者： Edward W. Woolery Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington IG" 40506-0053 USA

Assessing subsurface characteristics and imaging geologic features （e.g., faults, cavities, low-velocity lay- ers, etc.） are typical problems in near-surface geophysics. These questions often have adverse geotechni-cal engineering implications, and can be especially acute when associated with high-hazard structures such as large earthen flood-control dams. Dam-related issues are becoming more frequent in the United States, because a large part of this major infrastructure was designed and constructed in the early- to mid-twentieth century; these dams are thus passing into the latter stages of their design life, where minute flaws that were overlooked or thought to be insignificant in design/construction are now proving problematic. The high-hydraulic heads associated with these structures can quicken degra-dation of weak areas and compromise long-term integrity. Addressing dam-related problems solely with traditional invasive drilling techniques is often inadequate （i.e., lack of lateral resolution） and]or econom- ically exorbitant at this scale. However, strategic geotechnical drilling integrated with the broad utility of near-surface geophysics, particularly the horizontally polarized shear-wave （SH-mode） seismic-reflection technique for imaging the internal structural detail and geological foundation conditions of earthfill embankment dams can cost-effectively improve the overall subsurface definition needed for remedial engineering. Demonstrative evidence for this supposition is provided in the form of SH-wave seismic-reflection imaging of in situ and engineered as-built components of flood-control embankment dams at two example sites in the central United States.

关键词： Geophysics seismic reflection Shear-wave Near-surface Dam safety

Deep structure of the Kumkol basin in the northern Tibetan Plateau and its resource environmental implications

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3421-3435页

作者： Wenhui LI Zhanwu LU Rui GAO Xiaofan DENG Jingyuan LI Guangwen WANG Zhanxuan SUN Sinoprobe Laboratory of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China South Branch of Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Geophysics Co. LtdChengdu 610041China

The Kumkol basin is located in the northern Tibetan Plateau and is a closed plateau basin with an average altitude of>4000 m and an area of nearly 20000 km^(2). Its boundaries are limited by the Altyn Tagh fault, East Kunlun orogen and Qimantag orogen. Studying the deep structure of the Kumkol basin reveals 2 significant implications:(1) the basin has developed a large thickness of >7000 m Cenozoic continental sediments, recording the uplift history of the northern Tibetan Plateau, and(2)preliminary work indicates that the basin is likely to have oil and gas prospects. However, owing to the adverse natural conditions of the area and the strong tectonic activity in the Cenozoic, the latter of which was not conducive to hydrocarbon preservation,only regional geological mapping and petroleum exploration route surveys have been carried out, and there is no consensus on strata, structure and tectonic evolution. From 2021 to 2022, a deep seismic reflection profile implemented by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP) project was the first high-resolution geophysical survey across the Kumkol basin. This study uses seismic reflection migration profiles, first-arrival wave tomographic imaging and previous research results to analyze the deep structure of the basin. The final merged model contains many features of tectonic and resource significance:(1) The Kumkol basin is ~90 km wide from north to south, with a basement depth of >9000 m. The main component is the Cenozoic continental deposits, which are divided into two major parts: the southern composite basin and the northern faulted basin. Owing to the later compression, the southern composite basin experienced significant deformation, but most parts still preserved their original sedimentary formations.(2) The structural deformation characteristics of the basin reveal a two-stage tectonic evolution process of the northern Tibetan Plateau in the Cenozoic: from the Oligocene to the Pliocene, the

关键词： Kumkol basin seismic reflection Tomography Northern Tibetan Plateau Oil and gas prospect

Pitfalls in interpretation of shallow seismic data

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Applied Geophysics 2012年第1期9卷 87-94,117页

作者： Ahmed Ismail Edward Smith Andrew Phillips Andrew Stumpf Illinois State Geological Survey Division University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics

High-resolution shallow seismic methods are the most widely used geophysical methods in near surface characterization. However, in many cases interpreting the seismic images can be misleading. In this article, we present three case studies where results from P-wave seismic reflection, SH-wave seismic reflection, and multi-channel analysis of surface wave （MASW） surveys were incorrectly interpreted because of inadequate constraints on either the surveyed sites surface or subsurface conditions. A P-wave reflection survey feature was first interpreted as a shallow fault zone but it was later determined to result from a high level of background noise as the acquisition passed through a road intersection. A SH-wave seismic reflection survey feature was interpreted to be a reverse dip-slip fault but targeted drilling showed it was deep local erosion into the bedrock surface. Finally, in an MASW survey, a steeply dipping feature was first interpreted as a bedrock valley. However, later exploratory drilling showed the feature to be a shallow layer of very soft lake sediment that severely damped most of the applied surface wave frequency band. Although initial interpretations were incorrect, they stimulated discussions among geophysicists and geologists and underscored the need for meaningful cooperation and discourse between the scientists before, during, and after geophysical data acquisition.

关键词： seismic reflection multi-channel analysis of surface wave interpretation pitfalls