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Aggregated seed arrival alters plant diversity in grassland communities

Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第1期7卷 51-58页

作者： Gregory R.Houseman Department of Biological Sciences Wichita State University1845 FairmountWichitaKS 67260USA

Aims Species aggregation is commonly seen in plant communities and may increase diversity by causing intraspecific competition to exceed interspecific *** potential source of this spatial aggregation is seed dispersal but it is unclear to what extent aggregated seed distributions affect plant diversity in real *** a field experiment,I tested whether uniform or aggregated seed arrival alters community structure and whether these effects vary with sowing *** The experiment consisted of two spatial seeding treatments(uniform and aggregated)that were fully crossed with three seed density ***,3×4-m plots were arrayed in a low-diversity grassland located in Kansas,*** plot was divided into fortyeight,0.5×0.5-m *** aggregated seeding treatments,each of the 15 species was sown into three randomly selected patches within the plot(3×15=45).To create a uniform species arrival but control for the seed addition method,all 15 species were sown into 45 individual patches(with three patches remaining unsown)within each *** mass for each species was held constant at the plot scale between uniform or aggregated treatments within a given level of the sowing density *** two growing seasons,plant density was quantified for all sown species in 15 randomly selected patches from each *** Findings I found evidence for shifts in community structure in response to the different spatial seeding *** evenness of added species was higher under aggregated than uniform sowing *** was no detectable effect of aggregated seed sowing on species richness at 3.75 m^(2) ***,when species richness was extrapolated to larger scales(11.25 m^(2)),aggregated sowing was predicted to have greater richness than uniform *** of seed aggregation on community structure were apparent only at moderate to high sowing rates,yet the latter are within the range of measured seed dispersal in s

关键词： clumped colonization rank-abundance distributions seed dispersal seed sowing

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Abandonment of croplands: problem or chance for grassland restoration? Case studies from Hungary

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第2期2卷 1-10页

作者： Orsolya Valkó Balázs Deák Péter Török András Kelemen Tamás Miglécz Katalin Tóth Béla Tóthmérész Department of Ecology University of DebrecenP.O.Box 71DebrecenH-4010 Hungary MTA-DE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group Egyetem ter 1DebrecenH-4032 Hungary

In Central-and Eastern Europe,the collapse of socialist regimes resulted in a transformation of state-owned agricultural cooperatives to privately owned lands from the early 1990s *** socioeconomic processes resulted in landscape-scale changes in biodiversity,ecosystem services and agricultural *** parallel,large-scale abandonment of croplands,especially on sandy,salty or fre-quently inundated areas,became *** croplands are usually sensitive to species invasions,and are hotspots of noxious weeds,posing threats both to agriculture and nature *** restoration on former croplands can be an effective strategy for suppressing these ***,a common goal of nature conservation and agriculture can be the restoration of grasslands on former croplands to(1)suppress weed and/or invasive species in line with the EU policy“Good Farming Practices”,(2)support animal husbandry by creating meadows or pastures,and to(3)recover biodiversity and ecosystem *** the present paper we report“best practices”of grassland restoration projects from *** aim was to compare the effectiveness of spontaneous grassland recovery *** grassland restoration by seed sowing in terms of the recovery of biodiversity and ecosystem services,such as weed control and biomass *** results showed that grassland restoration on abandoned fields offers a viable solution for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem *** sowing ensures higher weed control and biomass pro-duction,but results in lower biodiversity compared to spontaneous *** restoration methods can be cost-effective,or even profitable even within a relatively short period of a nature conservation project.

关键词： agri-environmental schemes agri-environmental subsidy agrobiodiversity Central Europe intensive agriculture old-field seed sowing Special Feature:Ecosystem Management in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe spontaneous succession.

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