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Field mold stress induced catabolism of storage reserves in soybean seed and the resulting deterioration of seed quality in the field

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第2期21卷 336-350页

作者： DENG Jun-cai LI Xiao-man XIAO Xin-li WU Hai-jun YANG Cai-qiong LONG Xi-yang ZHANG Qi-hui Nasir IQBAL WANG Xiao-chun YONG Tai-wen DU Jun-bo YANG Feng LIU Wei-guo ZHANG Jing WU Xiao-ling WU Yu-shan YANG Wen-yu LIU Jiang Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChengdu 611130P.R.China College of Agriculture Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Institute of Ecological Agriculture Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China School of Agriculture Food and WineThe University of AdelaideUrrbraeSA 5064Australia

Excessive rainfall provides a favorable condition for field mold infection of plants, which triggers field mold(FM) stress. If FM stress occurs during the late maturation stage of soybean seed, it negatively affects seed yield and quality. To investigate the responses of soybean seed against FM stress and identify the underlying biochemical pathways involved, a greenhouse was equipped with an artificial rain producing system to allow the induction of mold growth on soybean seed. The induced quality changes and stress responses were revealed on the levels of both transcriptome and metabolome. The results showed that soybean seeds produced under FM stress conditions had an abnormal and inferior appearance, and also contained less storage reserves, such as protein and polysaccharide. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that genes involved in amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid, β-oxidation of fatty acids, and isoflavone biosynthesis were induced by FM stress. These results were supported by a multiple metabolic analysis which exhibited increases in the concentrations of a variety of amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and isoflavones, as well as reductions of several fatty acids. Reprogramming of these metabolic pathways mobilized and consumed stored protein, sugar and fatty acid reserves in the soybean seed in order to meet the energy and substrate demand on the defense system, but led to deterioration of seed quality. In general, FM stress induced catabolism of storage reserves and diminished the quality of soybean seed in the field. This study provides a more profound insight into seed deterioration caused by FM stress.

关键词： seed deterioration seed quality primary metabolism storage reserves resistance

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Application of oxygen-sensing technology to measure seed quality of Ginkgo biloba

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第4期28卷 725-731页

作者： Tailin Zhong Guangwu Zhao College of Jiyang Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityZhuji 311800ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China The Key Laboratory for quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province College of Agriculture and Food ScienceZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityLin’an 311300ZhejiangPeople’s Republic of China School of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Germination tests are currently the most widely used method to evaluate seed quality of Ginkgo biloba L., but they are time-consuming and labor intensive. Oxygen-sensing technology, based on the principle of fluorescence quenching to detect oxygen and assess seed quality was used to rapidly evaluate seed quality of two varieties (Shandong Tancheng 202 and Zhejiang Dafoshou) of G. biloba from five mother plants. Fifteen samples of three vigor levels were produced by accelerated aging treatments. This process was applied in duplicate. A portable oxygen-sensing detector was employed to measure oxygen content during seed germination in a closed system at 25 A degrees C each day until day 14. Four oxygen metabolism indices were calculated: oxygen consumption index, oxygen consumption rate, critical oxygen concentration, and theoretical germination time (T (GT)). Additionally, we tested laboratory germination and field emergence. The results of a one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis showed that T (GT) was the candidate index to evaluate seed quality of G. biloba. Therefore, the T (GT) value was used to validate the reliability of oxygen-sensing evaluation for Zhejiang Dafoshou seeds kept under four storage conditions. The trend in the change in oxygen metabolism agreed completely agreement with that of seed germination under all storage conditions. The oxygen-sensing test reliably and rapidly assessed seed quality of G. biloba. The germination rate of Zhejiang Dafoshou was accurately predicted by T (GT).

关键词： Ginkgo biloba Oxygen-sensing technology seed quality Theoretical germination time (T-GT)

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Mechanical Harvesting Effects on seed Yield Loss,quality Traits and Profitability of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第8期11卷 1297-1304页

作者： MA Ni ZHANG Chun-lei LI Jun ZHANG Ming-hai CHENG Yu-gui LI Guang-ming ZHANG Shu-jie Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 PR.China Agricultural Institute of Yichang City Yichang 443004 P.R.China

China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.

关键词： winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） combine harvesting harvesting loss seed quality economic profit

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Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 71-79页

作者： Cody F.CREECH Blair L.WALDRON Corey V.RANSOM Dale R.ZOBELL Joseph Earl CREECH Department of Plants Soils and Climate Utah State University USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Laboratory Department of Animal Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Utah State University

Forage kochia(Bassia prostrata) is used for rangeland reclamation and livestock and wildlife forage,but limited research has been conducted on its seed production. Therefore, this research evaluated the effect of harvest date on seed weight, germination, and seed yield of forage kochia subspecies virescens and grisea. seed was harvested from individual plants for 3 years during October, November, and December. October harvest had the lightest 100-seed weights, with the November harvest slightly heavier than December, for most accessions.Cultivar Snowstorm and breeding line Sahsel, both subsp. grisea, had the greatest 100-seed weights in November, 155 and 143 mg, respectively, whereas, cv.Immigrant(subsp. virescens), the standard for forage kochia, ranked among the least for 100-seed weight. For most accessions, germination was lowest from the October harvest(11%–43%), with greater germination with November and December harvested seeds(43%–64%).Viable seed yields were greatest in November with the exception of two accessions, which peaked in October,indicating earlier maturity. Results indicate that forage kochia usually reaches optimum seed maturity by early November, after plants are exposed to freezing temperatures; however, earlier maturing accessions exist in both subspecies virescens and grisea.

关键词： forage rangeland seed germination seed quality

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Influence of Crop Nutrition on Grain Yield,seed quality and Water Productivity under Two Rice Cultivation Systems

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Rice science 2013年第2期20卷 129-138页

作者： Y.V.SINGH K.K.SINGH S.K.SHARMA Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae Indian Agricultural Research Institute seed Production Unit Indian Agricultural Research Institute

The system of rice intensification （SRI） is reported to have advantages like lower seed requirement,less pest attack,shorter crop duration,higher water use efficiency and the ability to withstand higher degree of moisture stress than traditional method of rice cultivation.With this background,SRI was compared with traditional transplanting technique at Indian Agricultural Research Institute,New Delhi,India during two wet seasons （2009-2011）.In the experiment laid out in a factorial randomized block design,two methods of rice cultivation [conventional transplanting （CT） and SRI] and two rice varieties （Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa 44） were used under seven crop nutrition treatments,viz.T 1,120 kg/hm2 N,26.2 kg/hm2 P and 33 kg/hm2 K;T 2,20 t/hm2 farmyard manure （FYM）;T 3,10 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 N;T 4,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 90 kg/hm2 N;T 5,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 N＋ 1.5 kg/hm2 blue green algae （BGA）;T 6,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 N＋ 1.0 t/hm2 Azolla,and T 7,N 0 P 0 K 0 （control,no NPK application） to study the effect on seed quality,yield and water use.In SRI,soil was kept at saturated moisture condition throughout vegetative phase and thin layer of water （2-3 cm） was maintained during the reproductive phase of rice,however,in CT,standing water was maintained in crop growing season.Results revealed that CT and SRI gave statistically at par grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in CT as compared to SRI.seed quality was superior in SRI as compared to CT.Integrated nutrient management （INM） resulted in higher plant height with longer leaves than chemical fertilizer alone in both the rice varieties.Grain yield attributes such as number of effective tillers per hill,panicle length and panicle weight of rice in both the varieties were significantly higher in INM as compared to chemical fertilizer alone.Grain yields of both the varieties were the highest in INM followed by the recommended doses of chemical fertilizer.The grain yield and its attributes of Pusa 44 were significantly higher than those of Pusa Basmati 1.The seed qu

关键词： rice crop nutrition grain yield seed quality system of rice intensification water productivity

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Understandings and future challenges in soybean functional genomics and molecular breeding

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第2期65卷 468-495页

作者： Haiping Du Chao Fang Yaru Li Fanjiang Kong Baohui Liu Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene EditingInnovative Center of Molecular Genetics and EvolutionSchool of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Soybean(Glycine max)is a major source of plant protein and oil.Soybean breeding has benefited from advances in functional genomics.In particular,the release of soybean reference genomes has advanced our understanding of soybean adaptation to soil nutrient deficiencies,the molecular mechanism of symbiotic nitrogen(N)fixation,biotic and abiotic stress tolerance,and the roles of flowering time in regional adaptation,plant architecture,and seed yield and quality.Nevertheless,many challenges remain for soybean functional genomics and molecular breeding,mainly related to improving grain yield through high-density planting,maize-soybean intercropping,taking advantage of wild resources,utilization of heterosis,genomic prediction and selection breeding,and precise breeding through genome editing.This review summarizes the current progress in soybean functional genomics and directs future challenges for molecular breeding of soybean.

关键词： flowering time functional genomics grain yield nodulation plant architecture response to nutrition deficiency seed quality soybean stress resistance

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Ultraviolet-B Radiation Alters Soybean Growth and seed quality

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 55-66页

作者： K. Raja Reddy Hrusikesh Patro Suresh Lokhande Nacer Bellaloui Wei Gao Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Mississippi State USA Department of Agronomy Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology Bhubaneswar India Department of Sociology Iowa State University Ames USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA 5USDA-UV-B Monitoring Network Natural Resource Ecology Lab Colorado State University Fort Collins USA USDA-UV-B Monitoring Network Natural Resource Ecology Lab Colorado State University Fort Collins USA

Research on the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on soybean seed quality is limited. The objective of this study was to quantify UV-B doses, 0, 5, 10 & 15 kJ•m–2•d–1, on soybean growth and seed quality. The experiment was conducted in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) facility. Chambers located at the R.R. Foil Plant Science Research Facility of Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA, were used. Each SPAR chamber consists of a steel soil bin to accommodate the root system, a Plexiglas chamber to accommodate plant canopy and a heating, and cooling system connected to air ducts that pass conditioned air to cause leaf flutter through the plant canopy. The SPAR units, supported by an environmental monitoring and control systems, are networked to provide automatic acquisition and storage of the data, monitored every 10 seconds throughout the day and night. Soybean cultivar Pioneer 93Y92 (maturity group IV, Roundup Ready) was used in the study. The desired UV-B radiation was supplied by square-wave UV-B supplementation systems under near ambient PAR and delivered to plants for eight hours, each day, from 08:00 to 16:00 h by eight fluorescent UV-313 lamps. The results showed that increased UV-B did not influence many of the growth parameters because the treatments were imposed at mid-fruiting period. seed quality parameters that are important for seed industry and human and animal nutrition were all affected by UV-B. Protein and palmitic and oleic acids declined linearly, while oil and linoleic and linolenic acid contents increased with increased UV-B. Sucrose, stachyose, and stearic acid contents showed quadratic trends, increased to about 4 - 5 kJ of UV-B and declined at higher doses. Thus, both current and projected UV-B radiation levels can modify soybean growth and seed quality. The functional algorithms developed in this study could be useful to develop UV-B- specific sub-models for soybean farm management and in policy decision areas.

关键词： Ultraviolet Radiation Biomass Parameter seed quality Soybean Nutrition seed Composition

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Simultaneous changes in seed size, oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

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National Science Review 2020年第11期7卷 1776-1786页

作者： Shoudong Wang Shulin Liu Jie Wang Kengo Yokosho Bin Zhou Ya-Chi Yu Zhi Liu Wolf B.Frommer Jian Feng Ma Li-Qing Chen Yuefeng Guan Huixia Shou Zhixi Tian State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life sciences Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Innovation Academy for Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Institute of Plant Science and Resources Okayama University Institute of Crop Science Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Plant Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute for Molecular Physiology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Haixia Institute of Science and Technology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University

Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here,re-sequencing data from>800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on Gm SWEET10a. The selection of Gm SWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover,Gm SWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue Gm SWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele Gm SWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal Gm SWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele Gm SWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.

关键词： soybean domestication yield seed quality SWEET

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Flowering and seeding patterns in pure and mixed Nothofagus forests in Southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 261-272页

作者： Monica Toro Manriquez Luciana Mestre Maria Vanessa Lencinas Alvaro Promis Guillermo Martinez Pastur Rosina Soler National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET) Austral Center for Scientific Research(CADIC-CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina Department of Silviculture and Nature Conservation University of ChileAv.Santa Rosa 113159206 SantiagoLa PintanaChile

Introduction:Variation in reproductive phenology among species is an important mechanism for maintaining species coexistence.In mixed forests,the impact of limiting(biotic and abiotic)factors on tree reproductive success regulates the maintenance of species in balanced proportions or the conversion towards monospecific forests.This study offer a significant first approach to the reproductive phenology of mixed forests,assessing flowering,seeding and loss factors on reproductive success in three forest types(pure deciduous Nothofagus pumilio(Np),evergreen Nothofagus betuloides(Nb)and mixed(M)forests),comparing also between two geographical locations(coast and mountain),during one growing season.Results:Flowering falling started early in Np.seed fall occurred first and more concentrated in Np,while in Nb,it was progressive during autumn.Phenology in M combined both patterns,but with better reproductive performance of both species.seed production was greater in Nb(42,900,000 ha^(−1))than in Np(710,000 ha^(−1)),while M presented intermediate values(31,900,000 ha^(−1)).Abortion was greatest in Np(19% of female flowers and 10% of immature fruits),while fruit predation was low(7-9%)in all forest types.Empty seed was the main loss factor,but with low net values for each species in M.Regarding geographical location,sea proximity generated a quick starting of the growing season in coast compared to mountain sites.However,we detected forest types×location interactions in flowering and seeding patterns(e.***.in male flower production and in empty and viable seeds),with differences in species response according to location.Conclusions:Both deciduous and evergreen species have reproductive advantages in mixed compared to pure forests.However,mixed were more similar to pure evergreen forests in their reproductive traits and the incidence of the limiting factors.The study of only one growing season does not allow us to conclude whether mixed forests are stable communities,but we contribute to understand the roles of reproductive p

关键词： Broadleaved Mixed forest Geographical location Leaf habit Reproductive phenology seed quality

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Machine Vision Analysis of Characteristics and Image Information Base Construction for Hybrid Rice seed

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Rice science 2005年第1期12卷 13-18页

作者： CHENGFang LIuZhao-yan YINGYi-bin DepartmentofBiosystemEngineeringandFoodSciences ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029China

Incompletely closed glumes, germination on panicle and disease are three important factors causing poor seed quality of hybrid rice. To determine how many and which categories should be classified to meet the demand for seed in rice production, the effects of various degrees of incompletely closed glumes, germination on panicle and disease on germination percentage at the harvest and after storage for six months were studied by standard germination percentage test. Six categories of seeds with germ (germinated seeds), severe disease, incompletely closed glumes, spot disease, fine fissure and normal seeds were inspected and then treated separately. Images of the five hybrid rice seed (Jinyou 402, Shanyou 10, Zhongyou 27, Jiayou 99 and Ⅱ you 3207) were acquired with a self-developed machine vision system. Each image could be processed to get the feature values of seed region such as length, width, ratio of length to width, area, solidity and hue. Then all the images of normal seeds were calculated to draw the feature value ranges of each hybrid rice variety. Finally, an image information base that stores typical images and related feature values of each variety was established. This image information base can help us to identify the classification limit of characteristics, and provide the reference of the threshold selection. The management of large numbers of pictures and the addition of new varieties have been supported. The research laid a foundation for extracting image features of hybrid rice seed, which is a key approach to future quality inspection with machine vision.

关键词： image hybrid rice seed quality characteristics quality inspection image information base

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