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Sedimentary and Heavy Mineral Records for the Oligocene-Miocene Exhumation of the Easternmost Tianshan

Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 449-461页

作者： Yan Ding Tianyi Shen Guocan Wang Junliang Ji School of Earth Sciences Center for Global TectonicsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

The topography of the Harlik Mountain has a strong impact on the formation of current arid climate in the Turpan-Hami Basin.However,it is still controversial if Harlik Mountain experienced significant exhumation during the Middle to Late Cenozoic according to the previous thermochronology studies.The features of the Oligocene to Miocene sediments in the foreland basin could provide productive information for resolving the debates.The peak ages of detrital apatite fission track analysis of the Oligocene–Miocene sandstone in the Turpan-Hami Basin are well comparable with the cooling age records of the Harlik Mountain rocks,indicating that the Oligocene–Miocene Taoshuyuanzi Formation in the basin was mostly derived from the Harlik Mountain.The stratigraphic sequence exhibits coarsening upward,reflecting that the source area was in a tectonically active period during the deposition process.Heavy mineral assemblages also suggest that the unstable minerals in the sediment increased significantly at the end of the deposition.Moreover,the proportion of apatite increased up-section,while the garnet content decreased significantly,indicating that the Carboniferous metamorphic rocks have been gradually eroded out and more intrusive rocks have been exposed to the surface.These observations suggest that the Harlik Mountain experienced exhumation during the Oligocene to Miocene,and the denudation depth afterward was probably less than 2.5 km according to the previously apatite(U-Th)/He data.The Oligocene–Miocene exhumation probably acted as one of the triggers for the heavy drought of the Turpan-Hami Basin during the Middle–Late Neogene.

关键词： Turpan-Hami Basin Harlik Mountain Taoshuyuanzi Formation Oligocene–Miocene uplift sedimentology structural geology

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Sedimentary Characteristics,Ages,and Environmental Significance of Gravel Deposits and Loess in Shandong,Eastern China:Regional Response to Global Change Since the Last Glacial Period

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 491-504页

作者： WANG Min KONG Fanbiao KONG Xianglun CHEN Haitao WANG Jiawei MIAO Xiaodong JIA Guangju HAN Mei XU Shujian Department of Geography and Tourism Qilu Normal UniversityJinan 250014China School of Geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection Linyi UniversitySchool of Resources and EnvironmentLinyiShandong 276005China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China

Investigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province,eastern China,reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers(G1,G2)and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typical and well-preserved Heiyu section(HY),where,to determine the paleoclimatic changes during Marine Isotope Stage 3a.Optically stimulated luminescence dates of the HY formation range from 0.26±0.02 ka to 39.00±2.00 ka.In addition,the ages of G1 and G2 were estimated using the Bayesian model to be 39.60-40.50 and 29.00-29.50 ka.G1 and G2 are mainly composed of fine and medium gravel,both of which were subangular to subrounded limestone,with gravel directions to NE and E.The average flow velocity,average depth,and flood peak flow of G1 are 1.10 m/s,0.49 m,and 37.04 m^(3)/s,respectively,calculated using the flow energy method,whereas those of G2 are 0.98 m/s,0.38 m,and 18.38 m^(3)/s,respectively.Analysis of climate proxy indices show that the sedimentary environment of the gravel and loess in HY might be a regional response to global change.

关键词： paleoenvironment geochronology gravel layer sedimentology Pleistocene Shandong Province

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sedimentology and foraminiferal paleoecology of the exposed Oligocene-Miocene Ogwashi-Asaba Formation in Issele-Uku area,Anambra Basin,southern Nigeria:A paleoenvironmental reconstruction

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第4期11卷 618-628页

作者： J.A.Adeoye V.O.Jolayemi S.O.Akande Department of Geology and Mining Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida UniversityLapai 911101Niger StateNigeria Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences University of IlorinIlorin 240101Kwara StateNigeria

Sedimentological and foraminiferal paleoecological studies were carried out for the Oligocene-Miocene Ogwashi-Asaba Formation of the Anambra Basin at the Issele-Uku area in southern Nigeria,to reconstruct paleoenvironments.The pattern of rock successions and textural characteristics suggest the prevalence of fluvio-deltaic setting during the formation of lignites and clastic rocks of Ogwashi-Asaba Formation.Agglutinated benthic foraminiferal species such as Ammotium sp.,Textularia sp.,Gavelinella sp.,Milliamina sp.,Reophax sp.,Bolivina sp.,Eponides sp.,Pseudobolivina sp.and Lenticulina sp.dominate the shale units whereas the planktonic forms are absent.All these species have very low population and diversity in the shales,which could be due to the presence of harsh conditions such as low oxygen level and scarcity of food,leading to poor survival.The assessments of benthic foraminifera's habitat suggest middle-to-inner neritic marine environment for the shales.Granulometric results suggest fluvial environment for the sandstone and deltaic for the lignite.The Ogwashi-Asaba Formation in Issele-Uku area of Anambra Basin,southern Nigeria,therefore,have records of shallow marine,and fluvio-deltaic paleoenvironments.

关键词： Foraminiferal sedimentology Ogwashi-Asaba Formation Anambra Basin Paleoecology

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Coal petrology,sedimentology and depositional environment of the Parvadeh coais in the Upper Triassic,Tabas Block of Central-East Iran

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第3期10卷 58-77页

作者： Ziba Zamani Hossain Rahimpour-Bonab Ralf Littke School of Geology College of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehranIran Energy and Mineral Resources(EMR) RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany

Peat forming environment strongly influences the economic value of any coal seam and coal-bearing strata.Hence,pal-aeoenvironmental studies provide important information for coal resource exploration.In this context,detailed studies on selected coals from the Parvadeh Area,Iran,were conducted using sedimentology,coal petrology,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer(SEM-EDX),and proximate analysis.The sedi-mentary facies above and below the coal seams are mainly marine or marine-influenced facies,supporting that the coal-forming mires in the Parvadeh Area developed in a paralic environment,where the base level must be closely related to sea level.Sulfur contents are moderate to high and mark the influence of brackish/marine water,especially during transgres-sion after peat growth in a lower delta plain environment.The peat-forming mires extended on coastal/delta plain lobes.The lower delta plain/coastal plain coals are characterized by lateral continuity and substantial thickness,whereas few coals possibly representing the upper delta plain are thin and more discontinuous.The detrital nature and composition of the numerous partings and the overall high ash yield in the coal seams indicate an active tectonic area with high rates of creation of accommodation space over peat growth.Coal petrology and coal facies analysis exhibits a permanently high water table within a forest swamp and mostly rheotrophic conditions,sometimes with connection to the seawater.Accord-ing to paleoenvironmental reconstructions,it seems that coal layers may be thicker,with less sulfur(pyrite),but more clastic minerals and partings toward the western part of the area.Although these coal seams presently have low economic potential for the mining operation,partly due to great depth,this humic,high-volatile to medium-volatile bituminous coal may be suitable for exploration of coal bed methane resources.

关键词： Coal petrology sedimentology Coal facies analysis Upper Triassic Nayband Formation Tabas Block

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Unconventional Petroleum sedimentology:A Key to Understanding Unconventional Hydrocarbon Accumulation

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Engineering 2022年第11期18卷 62-78页

作者： Caineng Zou Zhen Qiu Jiaqiang Zhang Zhiyang Li Hengye Wei Bei Liu Jianhua Zhao Tian Yang Shifa Zhu Huifei Tao Fengyuan Zhang Yuman Wang Qin Zhang Wen Liu Hanlin Liu Ziqing Feng Dan Liu Jinliang Gao Rong Liu Yifan Li Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100083China National Energy Shale Gas Research and Development(Experiment)Center Beijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geology Colorado College Colorado SpringsColoradoCO 80903USA School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdao 266580China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249China Oil and Gas Research Center Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

The commercial exploitation of unconventional petroleum resources(e.g.,shale oil/gas and tight oil/gas)has drastically changed the global energy structure within the past two decades.Sweet-spot intervals(areas),the most prolific unconventional hydrocarbon resources,generally consist of extraordinarily high organic matter(EHOM)deposits or closely associated sandstones/carbonate rocks.The formation of sweet-spot intervals(areas)is fundamentally controlled by their depositional and subsequent diagenetic settings,which result from the coupled sedimentation of global or regional geological events,such as tectonic activity,sea level(lake level)fluctuations,climate change,bottom water anoxia,volcanic activity,biotic mass extinction or radiation,and gravity flows during a certain geological period.Black shales with EHOM content and their associated high-quality reservoir rocks deposited by the coupling of major geological events provide not only a prerequisite for massive hydrocarbon generation but also abundant hydrocarbon storage space.The Ordovician-Silurian Wufeng-Longmaxi shale of the Sichuan Basin,Devonian Marcellus shale of the Appalachian Basin,Devonian-Carboniferous Bakken Formation of the Williston Basin,and Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin are four typical unconventional hydrocarbon systems selected as case studies herein.In each case,the formation of sweet-spot intervals for unconventional hydrocarbon resources was controlled by the coupled sedimentation of different global or regional geological events,collectively resulting in a favorable environment for the production,preservation,and accumulation of organic matter,as well as for the generation,migration,accumulation,and exploitation of hydrocarbons.Unconventional petroleum sedimentology,which focuses on coupled sedimentation during dramatic environmental changes driven by major geological events,is key to improve the understanding of the formation and distribution of sweet-spot intervals(areas)in unconventional petroleum systems.

关键词： sedimentology Black shales Fine-grained sediments Organic matter accumulation Extraordinarily high organic matter Unconventional petroleum

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Lithostratigraphy,sedimentology,and Provenance of the Balfour Formation(Beaufort Group) in the Fort Beaufort-Alice Area,Eastern Cape Province,South Africa

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 902-916页

作者： David KATEMAUNZANGA Cornelis Janse GUNTER Council for Geoscience PretoriaSouth Africa Geology Department University of Fort HareAliceSouth Africa

The Balfour Formation has a pronounced lithological variation that is characterized by alternating sandstone- and mudstone-dominated members. The sandstone-dominated Oudeberg and Barberskrans Members are composed of lithofacies that range from intraformationai conglomerates to fine-grained sediments, whereas the mudstone-dominated members （Daggaboersnek, Elandsberg, and Palingkloof） are dominated by the facies Fm and FI. Petrography, geochemistry, and a paleocurrent analysis indicated that the source rock of the Balfour Formation was to south east and the rocks had a transitional/dissected magmatic arc signature. The sandstones-rich members were deposited by seasonal and ephemeral high-energy, low-sinuous streams, and the fine-grained-rich members were formed by ephemeral meandering streams. The paleoclimates have been equated to present temperate climates; they were semiarid becoming arid towards the top of the Balfour Formation. This has been determined by reconstructing the paleolatitude of the Karoo Basin, geochemistry, paleontology, sedimentary structures, and other rock properties, like color.

关键词： Balfour Formation Karoo Supergroup Beaufort Group lithostratigraphy sedimentology provenance Permo-Triassic

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Evolution of Can-Etili(Canakkale-NW Turkey) lignite basin:sedimentology,petrology,palynology and lignite characterization

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第3期30卷 190-207页

作者： Mustafa Bozcu Funda Akgün Gülbin Gürdal Ayse Bozcu Sevin Kapan Yesilyurt znur Karaca M.Serkan Akkiraz Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Engineering FacultyDepartment of Geological Engineering Dokuz Eylül University Engineering Faculty.Department of Geological Engineering Dumlupmar University Engineering FacultyDepartment of Geological Engineering

This study examines the development and sedimentology of Can-Etili lignite basin in Biga Peninsula(NW Turkey) along with the palynologic and petrographic properties of the coals in this region.The CanEtili lignite basin discordantly overlies Oligocene-aged Can volcanics.The basin consists of caldera type sedimentation developed by the combined effects of volcanism and tectonics.The volcanic rocks forming the basement of the basin consist of andesitic,dacitic and basaltic lava flows as well as agglomerates,tuff and silicified tuffs,and kaolin which is their alteration product.The basement volcanic rocks cooled from high potassium and calc-alkaline magma.The trace element geochemistry of different rocks within the volcanics reveals that they are from a volcanic arc.The Can Formation contains lignites and consists of6 lithofacies representing alluvial,fluvial,marsh and lacustrine environments.These lithofacies are the lower volcanogenic conglomerate,the claystone,the lignite,the laminated organic claystone,the tuff intercalated sandstone-siltstone and the upper volcanogenic conglomerate.The lignite in the basin is limnic and is formed in a non-fluvial marsh and marsh-lake environment.An abundant percentage of vegetation(Engelhardia,Sapotaceae,Cyrillaceae) is compatible with temperate and subtropical climatic conditions in the basin during sedimentation of lignite.The coals of Can-Etili basin are humic with high sulfur content(6-6.5%average) mostly containing huminite compounds belonging to the class of lignitelow bituminous(C-A) coal.Their coalification rank is between 0.38%and 0.56%Ro.The coals are formed in limnic-limnotelmatic marsh zones based on their microlithotype components.The inorganic components of the coal mostly consist of pyrite and clay.The trace elements,As,Th,U and V,are higher than international coal standards.The coal quality is adversely affected by high sulfur content and sulfur driven trace element enrichments.The lignite reserve(possible-proved) of Can-Etili basin is greater than a hundred mil

关键词： Can-Etili basin(NW Turkey) Lignite Can formation sedimentology Palinology

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Some　problems　on　dynamical　sedimentology　in　sea　area　near　Huanghe　Seaport

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1997年第2期16卷 239-248页

作者： Zang Q. First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266003 China

Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ｔｗｏｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｔｈｅｓｅａａｒｅａｎｅａｒｔｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈｅ（Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ）ＲｉｖｅｒＳｅａｐｏｒｔａｒｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ．Ｆｉｒｓ... 详细信息

Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ｔｗｏｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｔｈｅｓｅａａｒｅａｎｅａｒｔｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈｅ（Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ）ＲｉｖｅｒＳｅａｐｏｒｔａｒｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ．Ｆｉｒｓｔｌｙ，ｗｉｔｈｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓｌｙｏｂｓｒｖｅｄｄａｔａｏｆｂｅｄ－ｌｏａｄｔｒａｐａｎｄｗｉｎｄｓ，ｓｔａｒｔｉｎｇａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｉｎｇｄｙ－ｎａｍｉｃａｌｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｔｉｄａｌｓｈｏａｌｉｓａｎａｌｙｓｅｄａｎｄｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ．Ｉｔｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｈａｔｓｕｒｆｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓ．Ｓｅｃｏｎｄｌｙ，ｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｔｉｄａｌｓｈｏａｌｎｅａｒｔｈｅＨｕａｎｇｈｅＳｅｐｏｒｔａｒｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｂｙｗａｖｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｓｕｒｆｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓ．Ｓｅｃｏｎｄｌｙ，ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｈｅｌｐｏｆｄａｔａｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｓ，ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙａｎｄｗａｖｅｈｅｉ

关键词： area sea near sedimentology Seaport Huanghe

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sedimentology, Structure and Depositional Environments of the Subsurface Cretaceous, North Sinai, Egypt Using Well Logs

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International Journal of Geosciences 2020年第3期11卷 37-57页

作者： Fouad Shaaban Amani Bourselli Adam El-Shahat Mostafa El-Belqasi Geology Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Science Department College of Basic Education PAAET Kuwait

A complete set of well logs was used to study the sedimentology, structural and depositional environments of the subsurface Cretaceous rocks of northern Sinai, as a promising hydrocarbon province in Egypt. The sedimentological interpretations of well logs show sedimentary sequence of the Early Cretaceous, represented by the Neocomian, Aptian and Albian, which is composed mainly of shales and marls with minor carbonate and sandstone intercalations. Based on the Th/K ratios, the argillaceous sediments are composed of illite, montmorillonite and micas with little amounts of glauconite and chlorite. The environmental interpretations revealed sedimentological environments vary from estuarine to lagoonal and backreef of the Barremian-Aptian rocks, and from continental to estuarine in the Aptian-Albian. By contrast, the Late Cretaceous rocks, represented by the Cenomanian, Turonian, Santonian and Maastrichtian, are mainly composed of carbonates with few shale and marl intercalations. This sequence was accumulated under lagoonal to neritic and bathyal environments. The structural interpretations of well logs show that the Cretaceous section attains a wide range of dip magnitudes and dispersed azimuths all over the study area, which is probably attributed to tectonic and sedimentological processes. The inherited structural complexities indicate possible rejuvenations along old fault planes and rotation of the faulted blocks.

关键词： North Sinai Cretaceous sedimentology Structure Environment Well Logs

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sedimentology and Mineralogy of Surface Formations of the Mossendjo Area (Republic of Congo): Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic Implications

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Open Journal of Geology 2021年第10期11卷 471-493页

作者： Jude Nogelvi Ngakosso Ngolo Hilaire Elenga Mambou Jean Romuald Malounguila Ganga Dieudonné Malanda Edmond Laboratory of Geosciences Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Geological and Mineral Research Center (CRGM) Brazzaville Congo

Studies undertaken at several sites in the Congolese basin and in the Chaillu massif are helping to reinterpret the sedimentological formations known as cover formations, which are widely exposed in Central Africa. This article presents the results of granulometric, morphoscopic, mineralogical and chemical analyzes obtained at three sites in the Chaillu. Gronulometric analysis indicates that the sands at the three sites are rated medium to high. The cumulative curves are essentially sigmoidal with regular and spreading slopes. This facies indicates that the deposition took place due to a banal and moderate variation in the competence of the carrier current. The morphoscopy of the quartz grains shows that they are mainly angular and shiny. These data reflect a relatively close source and transport by water. The synthesis of lithological, granulometric, petrographic and geochemical analyzes allowed us to highlight three episodes of deposits in the Mossendjo area: the first is characterized by a channel-type fluvial system marked by deposits from the hospital borehole and from the station;the second, which is alluvial, corresponds to the clogging of the channel. These two alluvial phases are overcome by a third, fluvial, channel-type episode, the end of which is marked by the establishment of the yellow formation. The vertical and lateral organization at the outcrop of this yellow formation has the same characteristics as those described earlier and in the sub-region where it was attributed to the wind-generated cover formation. This study thus highlights the existence of a wet phase during which two fluvial systems of non-contemporary channel types developed which overlap.

关键词： sedimentology Fluvial System Paleoenvironment Mossendjo Congo

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