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Formation Conditions and sedimentary model of Over-Flooding Lake Deltas within Continental Lake Basins: An Example from the Paleogene in the Jiyang Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 270-284页

作者： WANG Jian CAO Yingchang LIU Huimin GAO Yongjin School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) Post-doctoral Research Center of Geological Resources and Geological Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Institute of Geology Sinopec Shengli Oil Field Company

A large quantity of drilling core, paleontology, geochemistry and geophysics data revealed several features of the Jiyang subbasin during the deposition of the Ekl-ES4x members：（1） the paleotopography of the gentle slope belt had an extremely low gradient; （2） the paleoclimate frequently alternated between dry and wet periods in a generally arid setting; （3） there was strong weathering around the periphery of the basin; （4） the lake was very shallow; （5） the lake level frequently rose and fell; and （6） the sedimentary environment of the gentle slope belt was an over- flooding lake. All of these factors provided favorable geological conditions for the development of an over-flooding lake delta. The lithologies of the continental over-flooding lake delta deposits are complex and diverse. The compositional maturity is moderate to low, and the grain size distribution curves and sedimentary structures indicate the presence of both gravity and traction currents. The sedimentary microfacies associations consist of a combination of ordered superposition of flood channels, distributary channels and sheet sands. The delta exhibits a weak foreset seismic reflection. The over-flooding lake delta deposits are laterally extensive. The sandstone content is high, and the individual sandstone beds are thin. The flood channel and distributary channel deposits exhibit evidence of bifurcation and lateral migration. The distribution of the sandbodies and the oxidation color of the mudstones provide evidence of cyclic deposition. The paleoclimate was the dominant factor controlling the development of the over-flooding lake delta. Due to the frequently alternating wet and dry paleoclimates, the over-flooding lake delta is characterized by the development of a broad upper plain and a lower delta plain. The upper delta plain is characterized by flood channel deposits, whereas the lower delta plain is represented by distributary channel deposits. The transition zone is characterized by the

关键词： Jiyang subbasin continental basin over-flooding lake delta sedimentary model oil andgas exploration

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Depositional features and sedimentary model of Buqu Stage in Mid-Jurassic in Qangtang Basin, Xizang (Tibet), China

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2004年第4期22卷 356-364页

作者：王兴涛翟世奎柳彬德周书欣 Institute of Marine Geoscience Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Qinhuangdao Branch Daqing Petroleum Institute Qinhuangdao 066004 China

The largest Mesozoic northward transgression in Qangtang Basin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau occurred during the Buqu Stage, Middle Jurassic. Mainly filled with carbonate rocks, the whole basin is composed of transgression-regression sedimentary cycle. Field outcrops and indoor analysis revealed 8 types of sedimentary facies markers in this region. 4 types of sedimentary facies have been recognized: platform facies, platform marginal facies, foreslope facies and basin facies. Influenced by the northern Lazhuglung-Jinshajiang suture zone, central uplift region and southern Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone, these facies belts extended east-west. The sedimentary model was established based on observed depositional features. From their biological features and sedimentary characteristics, it is suggested that the paleoclimate was warm and humid at that time. The Buqu Formation is a promising target for oil and gas exploration in Shuanghu-Duoyong area in future.

关键词： Xizang(Tibet) Qangtang Basin Buqu Formation depositional features sedimentary model

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Depositional model for Peat Swamp and Coal Facies Evolution Using Sedimentology, Coal Macerals, Geochemistry and Sequence Stratigraphy

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第6期28卷 1163-1177页

作者： Jing Lu Longyi Shao Minfang Yang Kai Zhou James R.Wheeley Hao Wang Jason Hilton State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safety Mining China University of Mining and Technology School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences the University of Birmingham Langfang Branch of Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Insitute Petro China

As one of the most important source rocks and reservoirs of unconventional natural gas, the sedimentary environment and mode of peat swamp（the predecessor of coal seam） is important to the coal seam＇s spatial distribution, material composition, hydrocarbon generation potential, reservoir physical properties, etc. To reveal the depositional characteristics and history of environmental change in a terrestrial basin during a period of peat accumulation, the Middle Jurassic aged #7 coal from Gaoquan in the Qaidam Basin（NW China） was investigated using sedimentology, maceral composition, geochemistry and sequence stratigraphy. Based on identification of the sedimentary shoreline break belt, wave energy depletion point and position of wave base, the peat swamp system can be subdivided into（1） lakeside plain,（2） low energy lakeshore,（3） high energy lakeshore, and（4） shallow lake subfacies. A new method for determining coal facies is proposed based on the combination of environmental parameters including oxidation-reduction levels, energy conditions and the influence of terrigneous sediments. The evolution of the coal seam shows that peat was deposited mainly in the low energy lakeshore and lakeside plain subfacies. Five types of sequence stratigrpahic surface and two types of parasequence were identified. Forced lake regressions and normal lake regressions are attributed as the causes of sequence boundaries. The sequence stratigraphic framework comprises six sequences and corresponding system tracts, and the curve of base-level for each demonstrates a characteristic initial period of slow rising followed by fast rising and then returning to slow rising. A model indicating the relationship among base-level changes, coal facies evolution, and the environmental features in the swamp is proposed that shows the environmental features of the swamp were controlled by both base-level changes and coal facies. Accompanying depositional environment changes from a lakeside plain to la

关键词： peat swamp sedimentary model coal facies base level coal maceral

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Composition and Construction of High-and Low-Energy Ooid Shoals and Their Relationships with Environmental Changes: A Case Study from the Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in the Ordos Basin, North China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第1期34卷 156-172页

作者： Zhen Wang Yiming Gong State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

On the basis of systematic study of sedimentary facies, microfacies and geochemistry of measured strata sections and wells, the ooid shoals of the Cambrian Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation in the southern Ordos Basin are composed of both high-and low-energy ooid shoals. The characteristics of the high-energy shoals are sparry cementation, with moderate to well sorting, large grain size, high ooid content and low micrite, weak micritization, and well-preserved internal textures of the ooids. Macroscopically, the high-energy ooid shoals display a thick-bedded aggradational stacking pattern in upward coarsening and thickening sequences. The low-energy ooid shoals are mainly made up of micritic cementation, with moderate to poor sorting, relatively small grain size, lower ooid content and higher micrite, strong micritization, and poorly-preserved internal textures of the ooids. Macroscopically, the low-energy ooid shoals show a thin-bedded, interbedded stacking pattern in upward fining and thinning sequences. The sedimentological evidence and carbon isotope data show that the differences of internal fabric and sedimentary evolution of both high-and low-energy ooid shoals are closely related to the sea-level change.

关键词： Cambrian sedimentary model North China ooid shoals Ordos Basin Zhangxia Formation

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Distribution characteristics of delta reservoirs reshaped by bottom currents:A case study from the second member of the Yinggehai Formation in the DF1-1 gas field,Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第9期41卷 86-106页

作者： Shuo Chen Renhai Pu Huiqiong Li Hongjun Qu Tianyu Ji Siyu Su Yunwen Guan Hui Zhang State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics(Northwest University) Xi’an710069China Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum Group Co.Ltd. Xi’an710065China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing100083China Research Institute of Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Zhanjiang524057China

The Dongfang1-1 gas field(DF1-1)in the Yinggehai Basin is currently the largest offshore self-developed gas field in China and is rich in oil and gas *** second member of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation(YGHF)is the main gas-producing formation and is composed of various sedimentary types;however,a clear understanding of the sedimentary types and development patterns is ***,typical lithofacies,logging facies and seismic facies types and characteristics of the YGHF are identified based on high-precision 3D seismic data combined with drilling,logging,analysis and testing *** on 3D seismic interpretation and attribute analysis,the origin of high-amplitude reflections is clarified,and the main types and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies are *** gas formation upper II(IIU)as an example,the plane distribution of the delta front and bottom current channel is determined;finally,a comprehensive sedimentary model of the YGHF second member is *** second member is a shallowly buried“bright spot”gas reservoir with weak *** velocity of sandstone is slightly lower than that of mudstone,and the reflection has medium amplitude when there is no *** velocity of sandstone decreases considerably after gas accumulation,resulting in an increase in the wave impedance difference and high-amplitude(bright spot)reflection between sandstone and mudstone;the range of high amplitudes is consistent with that of gas-bearing *** distribution of gas reservoirs is obviously controlled by dome-shaped diapir structural traps,and diapir faults are channels through which natural gas from underlying Miocene source rocks can enter *** study area is a delta front deposit developed on a shallow sea *** lithologies of the reservoir are mainly composed of very fine sand and coarse silt,and a variety of sedimentary structural types reflect a shallow sea delta environment;upward thickening funnel type,strong tooth

关键词： South China Sea Yinggehai Basin second member of the Yinggehai Formation bottom current transformation sedimentary model

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The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area,Yitong Basin,Northeast China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第5期90卷 1809-1820页

作者： LI Cunlei CHEN Panpan LIU Jianmei Fu Hongtao ZHANG Jinliang XIE Jun College of Petroleum Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Fushun 113001 Liaoning China College of Resources Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & sedimentary Minerals Qingdao 266590 Shandong China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast *** study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections,and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations：（1） the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates;（2） the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits;and（3） the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and *** with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis,we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin,and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by（1） an inconstant multiple source（line source）,（2） an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system,and（3） the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current *** sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.

关键词： lacustrine slope apron sedimentary gravity flow fluid transformation lacustrine faultbasin sedimentary model Yitong Basin

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Analysis of the sedimentary Characteristics of a Modern Distributive Fluvial System:A Case Study of the Great Halten River in the Sugan Lake Basin,Qinghai,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第4期34卷 1249-1262页

作者： Xianghui Zhang Changmin Zhang Adrian Hartley Qinghai Xu Wenjie Feng Taiju Yin Rui Zhu School of Geosciences Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology School of GeosciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UEUK

Understanding controls on river planform changes can help to build predictive models for distributive fluvial systems,and then guide the oil and gas *** do this we have undertaken a detailed investigation of the modern Great Halten River distributive fluvial system from the Sugan Lake Basin,Qinghai,*** aerial vehicle(UAV) photography,satellite remote sensing data and elemental analysis were used to determine differences in the sedimentary characteristics of the distributive fluvial *** the apex to the toe,the changes in the slope,river morphology,sedimentary characteristics and element content in different regions were determined and three facies belts:“proximal”,“medial” and “distal” were *** found that the sedimentary structure and elemental content characteristics of each facies differ *** compare the large-scale evolution of rivers from braided to meandering rivers,and the fine description of sedimentary characteristics in combination with each observation,we strengthen our overall understanding of the modern DFS from macro to micro *** the same time,we summarize the sedimentation model of the Great Halten River DFS,and our study provides a reference for establishing the sedimentary model in continental petroliferous basins.

关键词： Sugan Lake Basin distributive fluvial system river morphology sedimentary model sedimentary structure sedimentology.

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Growth characteristics and sedimentary mode of Permian reefs,Lengwu,Tonglu,Zhejiang Province,southern China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2016年第4期5卷 409-422页

作者： Ling Liu Ya-Sheng Wu Hong-Xia Jiang Hong Liu Institute of Geology and Geophysics CASKey Laboratory of Petroleum Resource ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Organic reefs are favourabte accumulation spaces for hydrocarbons and various mineral resources. A complete Permian organic reef profile about 44 m thick with distribution area no more than 1 km2 is exposed near Lengwu, Tongtu, Zhejiang Province. Examination of outcrops and thin sections revealed that the main reef-building organisms are catcisponges, with inozoans as dominant type. Five types of rocks have been recognized in the reef, and they are catcisponge framestone, catcisponge bafflestone, bindstone, rudstone and bioctastic wackestone. The profile was constructed in three reef-building stages. The thickness of the second stage is largest, followed by the first stage and the third stage is smallest. Each stage started with a frame-stone or bafflestone, ended as the reef grew near the sea-level, and died because of influx of terrigenous sediments. The development of the Lengwu reef is controlled by biological factors and sea-level changes. Based on the study a reef sedimentary model is established.

关键词： Reef Rock types Calcisponges sedimentary model Permian Lengwu Southern China

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A Study of sedimentary Environment and Reservoir Quality of the Carboniferous Donghe Sandstonein the Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1996年第4期70卷 395-406,454页

作者： Gu JiayuResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing

Very thick, fine-grained quartzose sandstone of the Lower Carboniferous (called the Donghe sandstone) was discovered in Donghe-1 well in the Tarim basin. Highly-productive commercial oil and gas flows were obtained when a well completion test was conducted. This important discovery proved that the quartzose sandstone is a prospecting target with good prospects. After that, other two paying oil and gas flows were found in the Lower Carboniferous in the Tazhong-4 and Tazhong-10 structures (Tazhong means central Tarim), equivalent to the Donghe sandstone. The Tazhong-4 structural oil field is the biggest oil field ever discovered. Therefore it is of guiding importance in oil and gas exploration to deepen the study of sedimentary and reservoir features and the sedimentary environment of the Donghe sandstone and to build a sedimentary model in order to understand the reservoir distribution pattern.

关键词： Donghe sandstone sedimentary facies sedimentary model tempestite pore type dissolved pore

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sedimentary environment and petrological features of organic-rich fine sediments in shallow water overlapping deposits: A case study of Cambrian Yuertus Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第3期47卷 513-526页

作者： JIN Zhimin TAN Xiucheng TANG Hao SHEN Anjiang QIAO Zhanfeng ZHENG Jianfeng LI Fei ZHANG Shixuan CHEN Lei ZHOU Chenggang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir CNPCHangzhou 310023China Korla Branch of Geophysical Research Institute BGP Inc.Korla 841000China

Taking the Cambrian Yuertus Formation outcrop profiles in the Aksu-Keping-Wushi areas of northwestern Tarim Basin as examples, the depositional environments of organic rich fine sediment were analyzed by examining the outcrop profiles macroscopically and microscopically. The study reveals that:(1) The lower part of the Yuertus Formation consists of organic-rich fine sediment or thin rhythmic interbeds of organic-rich fine sediment and siliceous sediment, the formation transforms to terrigenous diamictic grain shoal and inverse grading carbonate rocks upward.(2) The thin limestone interbedded with dark shale rhythmically has inverse grading.(3) The thin-bedded siliceous rock has metasomatic residual granular texture, stromatolithic structure and cementation fabric in vugs.(4) There are iron crust layers at the top of the shallowing diamictic grain shoal, beneath which exposed karst signs, such as karrens, dissolved fissures, sack-like vugs, near surface karst(plastic) breccia, breccia inside the karst system and terrigenous clastic fillings, can be seen.(5) Both the outcrops and seismic profiles show that organic-rich fine sediments above the unconformities or exposed surfaces are characterized by overlapping. The organic-rich fine sediment of the Cambrian Yuertus Formation was deposited in the anoxic-suboxidized restricted gulf lagoon environment, and its formation was controlled by high paleoproductivity and poor oxygen exchange jointly, then a shallow-water overlapping sedimentary model has been established. The results will help enrich and improve the sedimentary theory of organic-rich fine sediments.

关键词： fine-grained sediments source rock shallow water overlap exposed surface paleokarst sedimentary model Cambrian Yuertus Formation Tarim Basin

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