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sediment yield-SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY RELATIONSHIPS FOR SELECTED MISSISSIPPI SOILS

International Journal of sediment Research 2000年第1期15卷 1-16页

作者： M. J. M. ■(USDA-ARS National sedimentation Laboratory, Oxford, MS 38655)K. Helming (ZALF, Muencheberg, Germany)S. N. Prasad(Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677

Microtopography is an important surface characteristic of upland areas that affect erosion processes of detachment, transport, and runoff Yet, little quantitative information is available about the relationship between surface microtopography and sediment yield. A laboraory rainfall simulation study was conducted to determine for four different erosion susceptible soils the changes in surface microtopography and sediment yield during a series of 6 to 8 rainstorms of 0.75 h duration and 60 mm h-1 intensity each. The soils chosen were the Ap-materials of a Grenada sil (Glossic Fragiudalfs), Atwood sil (Typic Paleudalfs), and a Forestdale sicl (Typic Ochraqualfs), as well as the C-material, a Glauconitic sediment, of a Ruston sil (Typic Paleudalfs). Soil beds were prepared in a flume with a seedbed-like surface condition. Before all and after each rainstorm, the surface microtopography was determined using a laser microreliefmeter. Microtopography, expressed in terms of the mean local topographic gradient, and runoff data indicate a very similar pattern among the four soils. The data show an initially rapid increase in the sediment concenttation, which reached quickly a maximum and then gradually decreased to a near constant value at the end of the storm series. sediment yield followed closely the sediment concentration trend due to a near constant runoff rate. Surface microtopography changed rapidly during the first rainstorm but then decreased more gradual to an approximate constant value for most of the later rainstorms in the sequence. Three distinct phases in the sediment yieldmicrotopography relationship are recognized: (1) a preponding phase, (2) a post ponding-increased sediment yield phase, and (3) a post ponding-decreased sediment yield phase. These phases reflect changes in the relative importance of soil erosion processes of roughness dissipation, rill development,and soil surface matrix stabilization.

关键词： Surface microrelief sediment yield sediment concentration surface roughness microtopography runoff

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sediment yield MODELING FOR SINGLE STORM EVENTS BASED ON HEAVY-DISCHARGE STAGE CHARACTERIZED BY STABLE sediment CONCENTRATION

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International Journal of sediment Research 2007年第3期22卷 208-217页

作者： Mingguo ZHENG1, Qiangguo CAI2, and Qinjuan CHENG3 1Assistant professor, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China. 2 Professor, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China. 3 Doctoral candidate, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101,China. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Key Lab Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Proc Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

The relation between runoff volume and sediment yield for individual events in a given watershed receives little attention compared to the relation between water discharge and sediment yield, though it may underlie the event-based sediment-yield model for large-size watershed. The data observed at 12 experimental subwatersheds in the Dalihe river watershed in hilly areas of Loess Plateau, North China, was selected to develop and validate the relation. The peak flow is often considered as an important factor affecting event sediment yield. However, in the study areas, sediment concentration remains relatively constant when water discharge exceeds a certain critical value, implying that the heavier flow is not accompanied with the higher sediment transport capacity. Hence, only the runoff volume factor was considered in the sediment-yield model. As both the total sediment and runoff discharge were largely produced during the heavy-discharge stage, and the sediment concentration was negligibly variable during this stage, a proportional function can be used to model the relation between event runoff volume and sediment yield for a given subwatershed. The applicability of this model at larger spatial scales was also discussed, and it was found that for the Yaoxinzhuang station at the Puhe River basin, which controls a drainage area of 2264km2, a directly proportional relation between event runoff volume and sediment yield may also exist.

关键词： sediment yield Peak flow Flow-sediment relation Loess Plateau

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Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第5期16卷 865-867页

作者： TsouMing-Shu ZHANXiao-yong HydroGeoLogicInc.12343HymeadowDr. STE3BAustinTX78750USA KansasGeologicalSurvey 1930ConstantAve.CampusWestUniversityofKansasLawrenceKS66047USA

sediment has been identified as a significant threat to water quality and channel clogging that in turn may lead to river flooding. With the increasing awareness of the impairment from sediment to water bodies in a watershed, identifying the locations of the major sediment sources and reducing the sediment through management practices will be important for an effective watershed management. The annualized agricultural non-point source pollution(AnnAGNPS) model and newly developed GIS interface for it were applied in a small agricultural watershed, Redrock Creek watershed, Kansas, in this pilot study for exploring the effectiveness of using this model as a management tool. The calibrated model appropriately simulated monthly runoff and sediment yield through the practices in this study and potentially suggested the ways of sediment reduction through evaluating the changes of land use and field operation in the model for the purpose of watershed management.

关键词： annualized agricultural non-point source pollution(AnnAGNPS) GIS sediment yield runoff

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Response of sediment yield to vegetation restoration at a large spatial scale in the Loess Plateau

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第8期57卷 1482-1489页

作者： LIU XiaoYan YANG ShengTian DANG SuZhen LUO Ya LI XiaoYu ZHOU Xu Yellow River Conservancy Commission School of Geography Beijing Normal University Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy Commission Yellow River Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources

The impact of vegetation coverage on erosion and sediment yield in the Loess Plateau has been extensively studied,but the research has been primarily based on observations from slope runoff plots or secondary forest regions;the scaling method remains unresolved when it is applied at a large spatial scale,and it is difficult to apply to regions with severe soil and water loss given the predominance of herbs and *** date,there is little data on the quantitative impact of changes to vegetation on sediment concentration at a large spatial *** paper is based on vegetation information from remote sensing images,measured rainfall and sediment data over nearly 60 years,and results from previous runoff and sediment variation research on the Yellow *** introduce the concepts of a sediment yield coefficient and the percentage of effective vegetation and erodible area,analyze the impact of different vegetation conditions on the flood sediment concentration and sediment yield,and evaluate the effect of rainfall intensity on sediment yield under different vegetation conditions at the watershed *** propose models to evaluate the impact of vegetation on sediment yield in the loess gully hilly region,which are based on remote sensing data and support an application at a large spatial *** models can be used to assess sediment reduction that results from the current significant improvement of vegetation in the Loess Plateau.

关键词： Loess Plateau large spatial scale forest and grass vegetation sediment concentration sediment yield

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Estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield in Wadi El Hachem watershed(Algeria)using the RUSLE-SDR approach

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第2期20卷 367-380页

作者： SAOUD Mohammed MEDDI Mohamed Higher National School of Agronomy(ENSA) El Harrach 16004AlgiersAlgeria Génie de l’Eau et Environnement Laboratory Higher National School of Hydraulics(ENSH)P.O.box 31 Blida 09000Algeria National Institute for Forest Research(INRF) P.O.box 37 Cheraga 16014AlgiersAlgeria

One of the most common types of soil degradation is water *** reduces soil quality at the erosion site and may cause sedimentation issues at the deposition *** phenomenon is estimated using a variety of *** Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model is the most often used,due to its consistence and low data *** is useful for estimating annual soil loss at the watershed *** investigate the relationship between soil erosion and sediment deposition,the combined RUSLE and sediment Delivery Ratio(SDR)models are *** Wadi El Hachem watershed is a coastal and mountainous Mediterranean basin with rugged topography and high degree of climatic *** of these characteristics can have an immediate effect on soil erosion and sediment *** research includes estimating the Average Annual Soil Loss(A)and sediment yield(SY)in the Wadi El Hachem watershed,mapping different RUSLE factors as well as A and SY,and studying the influence of rainfall erosivity(R)on A and SY in dry and rainy *** A results vary from 0 to 410 t·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)with an annual average of 52 t·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).The Renfro's SDR model was selected as the best model for estimating SY,with standard error,standard deviation,coefficient of variation,and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)values of 0.38%,0.02,0.07%,and 1.00,*** average SY throughout the whole watershed is around 27 t·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1).The SY map for the entire Wadi El Hachem watershed revealed that sediment production zones are mainly concentrated in the Northeast of the basin,at the basin’s outlet,and in the tributaries of the *** simulation results of soil loss and sediment yield in dry and rainy years revealed that R is one of the main factors affecting soil erosion and sediment deposition in the Wadi El Hachem *** mean difference in R factor between dry year and rainy year is 671 MJ·mm·ha^(-1)·h^(-1)·yr^(-1).As a result of this fluctuation,the soil loss and se

关键词： RUSLE sediment delivery ratio Soil loss sediment yield Wadi El Hachem Algeria

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Prediction of sediment yield of the Inxu River catchment (South Africa)using the MUSLE

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 37-48页

作者： David Gwapedza Namso Nyamela Denis Arthur Hughes Andrew Robert Slaughter Sukhmani Kaur Mantel Benjamin van der Waal Institute for Water Research Rhodes University P.O.Box 94GrahamstownEastern CapeSouth Africa Geography Department Rhodes University P.O.Box 94GrahamstownEastern CapeSouth Africa

The proposed site for the construction of a new dam(Laleni Dam)on the Tsitsa River in the Eastern Cape,South Africa falls within a high soil erosion zone,which is expected to affect the lifespan of the *** the sediment yield of the catchment is important from a management perspective,and thus we designed this study to assess the applicability of the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation(MUSLE).The original MUSLE was applied to the Inxu River sub catchment,upstream of a proposed dam,over a summer rainfall period extending from October 2016 to April 2017.A modified version of the MUSLE,incorporating a storage module,was later applied over the same *** calibration of the MUSLE with and without a storage model was tested against 7 months of recorded daily suspended sediment discharge *** a storage model,we achieved a percentage bias,coefficient of efficiency and R2 of 2%,0.83 and 0.83,respectively,while without storage the performance statistics were markedly *** results suggest that a calibrated MUSLE can provide estimates of sediment yield that are valuable for regional planning,and that the inclusion of a storage component further improves the MUSLE *** the complexity of sediment generation and transport processes,a relatively simple empirical MUSLE model is a useful tool for initial sediment yield estimation for planning purposes.

关键词： MUSLE Storage component sediment yield Erosion South Africa Inxu river

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Interactions between wind and water erosion change sediment yield and particle distribution under simulated conditions

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Journal of Arid Land 2015年第5期7卷 590-598页

作者： TUO Dengfeng XU Mingxiang ZHAO Yunge GAO Liqian State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources

Wind and water erosion are among the most important causes of soil loss, and understanding their interactions is important for estimating soil quality and environmental impacts in regions where both types of erosion occur. We used a wind tunnel and simulated rainfall to study sediment yield, particle-size distribution and the fractal dimension of the sediment particles under wind and water erosion. The experiment was conducted with wind ero- sion firstly and water erosion thereafter, under three wind speeds （0, 11 and 14 m/s） and three rainfall intensities （60, 80 and 100 ram/h）. The results showed that the sediment yield was positively correlated with wind speed and rain- fall intensity （P〈0.01）. Wind erosion exacerbated water erosion and increased sediment yield by 7.25%-38.97% relative to the absence of wind erosion. Wind erosion changed the sediment particle distribution by influencing the micro-topography of the sloping land surface. The clay, silt and sand contents of eroded sediment were also posi- tively correlated with wind speed and rainfall intensity （P〈0.01）. Wind erosion increased clay and silt contents by 0.35%-19.60% and 5.80%-21.10%, respectively, and decreased sand content by 2.40%-8.33%, relative to the absence of wind erosion. The effect of wind erosion on sediment particles became weaker with increasing rainfall intensities, which was consistent with the variation in sediment yield. However, particle-size distribution was not closely correlated with sediment yield （P〉0.05）. The fractal dimension of the sediment particles was significantly different under different intensities of water erosion （P〈0.05）, but no significant difference was found under wind and water erosion. The findings reported in this study implicated that both water and wind erosion should be controlled to reduce their intensifying effects, and the controlling of wind erosion could significantly reduce water erosion in this wind-water erosion crisscross region.

关键词： sediment yield particle-size distribution fractal dimension wind and water erosion

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Decoupling effects of driving factors on sediment yield in the Chinese Loess Plateau

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 60-74页

作者： Xiaojing Tian Guangju Zhao Xingmin Mu Pengfei Zhang Peng Gao Wenyi Sun Xiaoyan Lu Peng Tian State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources26 Xinong RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co Ltd.Wuhan430000Hubei ProvinceChina Erdos Hydrological Survey Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Erdos017010Inner MongoliaChina College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University3 Taicheng RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Investigations of runoff and sediment yield changes and their relationships with potential driving factors provide good insights for understanding the mechanisms of hydrological *** study attempted to present a comprehensive investigation on the spatiotemporal variations of sediment yield in the Loess Plateau using continuous observed data at 46 hydrological stations during 1961-2016,and its responses to changes of precipitation,land use/cover and vegetation cover were analyzed by using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM).The results indicated that sediment yield reduced pro-nouncedly during 1961-2016 in the Loess Plateau,and 77.9%of this variation was explained by the combined effects of precipitation,land-use change,vegetation dynamics and runoff *** effects of precipitation,land-use change,and vegetation cover on sediment yield were 0.242,-0.528 and-0.630(Psediment yield was 0.833(Psediment yield and runoff(r=0.88,Psediment yield and precipitation indices(-0.14sediment yield and heavy rainfall(P_(25))(r=034).Overall,changes in runoff and land-use/vegetation cover well explained varia-tions in sediment yield in the Loess *** findings are expected to provide scientific and technical support for future soil and water conservation planning in the Loess Plateau,and are valuable for sus-tainable water resources and sediment load management in the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： sediment yield Driving factors Correlation analysis PLS-SEM Loess Plateau

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Impacts of land disturbance and restoration on runoff production and sediment yield in the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第1期9卷 76-86页

作者： AI Ning WEI Tianxing ZHU Qingke QIANG Fangfang MA Huan QIN Wei School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Life Science Yan'an UniversityYan'an 716000China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100048China International Research and Training Center on Erosion and sedimentation Beijing 100048China

Land disturbance and land restoration are important factors influencing runoff production and sediment yield in the semi-arid loess regions of China. This study compared the runoff production and sediment yield during the early stage after land disturbance（ESLD） with those during restoring stage after land disturbance（RSLD）. Grey relational analysis was used to analyse the importance of each one of the influencing factors（vegetation, rainfall, soil and topography） in affecting the runoff production and sediment yield. Our results showed that during ESLD, topography was the most critical factor controlling the runoff production, while soil was the most important factor controlling the sediment yield. During RSLD, vegetation was more important in affecting runoff production, while rainfall was more important in affecting sediment yield. In additional, this study demonstrated that both the runoff production and the sediment yield can be effectively reduced by restoring vegetation on severely-disturbed lands, thus providing an important theoretical basis for better implementations of the Grain for Green Program. Our results revealed that the vegetation types of Hippophae rhamnoides＋Pinus tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides are better plant selections for land restoration in this area, especially for relatively gentle slopes（i.e., less than 20 degrees）.

关键词： land disturbance/ restoration grey relational analysis runoff sediment yield Loess Plateau

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Impacts of land use and land cover changes on hydrological processes and sediment yield determined using the SWAT model

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International Journal of sediment Research 2022年第1期37卷 54-69页

作者： Edivaldo Afonso de Oliveira Serr?o Madson Tavares Silva Thomás Rocha Ferreira Lorena Concei??o Paiva de Ataide Cleber Assis dos Santos Aline Maria Meiguins de Lima Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da Silva Francisco de Assis Salviano de Sousa Denis José Cardoso Gomes Academic Unit of Atmospheric Sciences Federal University of Campina Grande Department of Physics Center for Natural and Exact Sciences Federal University of Santa Maria Institute of Technology Civil Engineering Graduate Program Federal University of Pará Earth System Science Center National Institute of Space Research Institute of Geosciences Federal University of Pará

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes strongly affect local hydrology and sediment *** current study focused on a basin in the Brazilian Amazon and had the following three objectives:(1) to perform an effective diagnosis of flow and sediment yield,(2) to evaluate the impacts of LULC changes over the last 40 years on the hydro-sedimentological variables,and (3) to investigate the impacts of the possible trends or breaking points in the flow,surface runoff,and sediment yield *** Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model validation showed that the simulated results were consistent with the data measured in the dynamic reproduction of flow ***,changes in LULC altered surface runoff,sediment yield,and flow according to the Mann-Kendall and Pettitt non-parametric *** was also observed that the sub-basins in which pastureland is predominant are more susceptible to increased surface runoff and sediment *** to trend and homogeneity tests,these sub-basins had break points in the time series of these *** the other hand,in the sub-basins whose land cover is predominantly forest,the time series is homogeneous and *** current study highlighted the impacts that 40 years of LULC changes in an Amazonian basin had on hydro-sedimentological variables,which,in turn,can play an important role in changing the hydrological cycle,consequently these changes can also impact diverse human activities in the region,such as agribusiness,livestock,energy production,food security,and public water ***,it is concluded that the SWAT model is a good estimator of hydro-sedimentological processes in Amazonian basins and can be used by decision makers in the management of water and environmental resources.

关键词： Hydrological modeling sediment yield Amazon basin SWAT model

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