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Controlling secondary flow in high-lift low-pressure turbine using boundary-layer slot suction

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 21-33页

作者： Xiao QU Liunan LI Yingjie ZHANG Xingen LU Junqiang ZHU Yanfeng ZHANG School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The design of high-lift Low-Pressure Turbines(LPTs)causes the separation of the boundary layer on the suction side of the blade and leads to a strong secondary flow.This present study aims to minimize secondary losses through endwall slot suction and incoming wakes in a front-loaded high-lift LPT cascade with Zweifel of 1.58 under low Reynolds number of 25000.Two slotted schemes for the boundary layer of the endwall were designed(Plan A and Plan B),and the effects of suction mass flow on secondary flow were studied.The underlying physics of the endwall boundary layer of the suction and secondary flow under unsteady wakes was discussed.The results show that slot suction at the endwall boundary layer can significantly suppress the secondary flow by removing low-momentum fluids.Plans A and B significantly reduced the secondary kinetic energy by 44.2%and 36.9%,respectively,compared with the baseline cascade at the suction mass flow ratios of 1%.With an increase in the mass flow ratio of suction,the secondary flow was gradually reduced in both Plans A and B.It is more beneficial to control the secondary flow to destroy the intersection of the pressure side and suction side of the horseshoe vortex before it develops into a passage vortex.Under unsteady wakes,the combined effects of incoming wakes and endwall boundary layer suction can further suppress the secondary flow at the suction mass flow ratios of 2%for Plan A,because the positive and negative vorticity inside upstream wakes accelerated the mixing of the main flow and secondary flow and thus increased the energy of secondary vortices.

关键词： Low-pressure turbine secondary flow flow control Boundary-layer suction Incoming wake

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Turbine Passage secondary flow Dynamics and Endwall Heat Transfer Under Different Inflow Turbulence

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2024年第3期31卷 51-62页

作者： Arjun K S Tide P S Biju N Division of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringCochin University of Science&TechnologyKalamassery 682022India

This study presents endwall hydrodynamics and heat transfer in a linear turbine cascade at Re 5×105 at low and high intensities of turbulence.Results are numerically predicted using the standard SST model and Reθ-γtransition model as well as using the high-resolution LES separately.The major secondary flow components,comprising the horseshoe,corner,and passage vortices are recognized and the impact on heat or mass transfer is investigated.The complicated behavior of turbine passage secondary flow generation and establishment are impacted by the perspective of boundary layer attributes and inflow turbulence.The passage vortex concerning the latest big leading-edge vane is generated by the enlargement of the circulation developed at the first instance adjacent to the pressure side becomes powerful and mixes with other vortex systems during its migration towards the suction side.The study conclusions reveal that substantial enhancements are attained on the endwall surface,for the entire spanwise blade extension on the pressure surface,and in the highly 3-D region close to the endwall on the suction surface.The forecasted suction surface thermal exchange depicts great conformity with the measurement values and precisely reproduces the enhanced thermal exchange owing to the development and lateral distribution of the secondary flows along the midspan of the blade passage downstream.The impacts of the different secondary flow structures on the endwall thermal exchange are described in depth.

关键词： turbine vane heat transfer endwall turbulence secondary flow

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Effect of Incoming Vortex on secondary flows in Turbine Cascades with Planar and Non-Axisymmetric Endwall

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 138-157页

作者： CAO Zhiyuan WANG Chuxuan SONG Zhigao GAO Xi ZHAO Wei LIU Bo School of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China

Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Profiling(NAEP) is commonly utilized in turbines to eliminate secondary flows.Nevertheless,most of the NAEP methods consider a single-blade row environment without incorporating the effect of the stage environment.This paper aims to investigate the influence mechanism of the incoming vortex on the endwall secondary flow structures of NAEP in a highly loaded turbine cascade.To model the incoming vortex in a stage environment,this study considers a half-delta wing as the vortex generator at the upstream of the turbine cascade.The NAEP is then carried out for a highly loaded turbine cascade with an in-house numerical optimization design platform subject to no incoming vortex.Numerical simulation is also carried out under the influence of the incoming vortex for the turbine cascades with both planar and non-axisymmetric endwall.This paper furthers investigated the pitchwise effect of the incoming vortex on the near endwall secondary flow.The results indicate that the NAEP effectively improves the endwall secondary flow of the turbine cascade,where the total pressure loss coefficient and the secondary kinetic energy(SKE) are reduced by 7.3%,and 45.7%,respectively.It is further seen that with the incoming vortex,the NAEP achieves a considerable control effect on the endwall secondary flow of the turbine cascade.With incoming vortex,the NAEP can still achieve considerable control effect on the endwall secondary flow of the turbine cascade;the averaged reductions of loss coefficient and SKE are 7.8% and 14.2%,respectively.Under some pitchwise locations,incoming vortex can suppress the convection of cross-passage flow toward the suction corner greatly and reduce the loss coefficient of the baseline cascade.The incoming vortex at 4/7 pitch impinged right at the blade leading edge,leading to the generation of low-momentum fluid,which increased the size and the strength of the horseshoe vortex.Under all the pitchwise locations,NAEP can suppress the secondary vortices,e.g.,the passage vortex and the c

关键词： non-axisymmetric endwall secondary flow incoming vortex passage vortex stage environment

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Effect of aspect ratio of elliptical stirred vessel on mixing time and flow field characteristics in the absence of baffles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 63-74页

作者： Yuan Yao Peiqiao Liu Qian Zhang Zequan Li Benjun Xi Changyuan Tao Yundong Wang Zuohua Liu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory Yichang 443007China Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Elliptical tanks were used as an alternative to circular tanks in order to improve mixing efficiency and reduce mixing time in unbaffled stirred tanks(USTs). Five different aspect ratios of elliptical vessels were designed to compare their mixing time and flow field. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were performed using the k–ε model to calculate the mixing time and simulate turbulent flow field features, such as streamline shape, velocity distribution, vortex core region distribution, and turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) transfer. Visualization was also carried out to track the tinctorial evolution of the liquid phase. Results reveal that elliptical stirred tanks can significantly improve mixing performance in USTs. Specifically, the mixing time at an aspect ratio of 2.00 is only 45.3% of the one of a circular stirred tank. Furthermore, the secondary flow is strengthened and the vortex core region increases with the increase of aspect ratio. The axial velocity is more sensitive to the aspect ratio than the circumferential and radial velocity. Additionally, the TKE transfer in elliptical vessels is altered. These findings suggest that elliptical vessels offer a promising alternative to circular vessels for enhancing mixing performance in USTs.

关键词： Mixing time CFD Stirred tank secondary flow Mixing performance

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Relationship between the Intensity of secondary flow and Convection Heat Transfer in a Helically Coiled Circular Tube with Uniform Wall Temperature

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第3期32卷 1007-1022页

作者： ZHANG Jinlong ZHAO Chuangyao WANG Liangbi School of Mechanical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhouGansu 730070China Key Laboratory of Railway Vehicle Thermal Engineering of MOE Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China School of Building Services Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China

Numerical method is used to investigate fully developed laminar flow in helically coiled circular tube in this paper.The non-dimensional parameter(secondary flow Reynolds number Se)based on absolute vorticity flux along the mainstream is used to indicate the intensity of secondary flow caused by the centrifugal effect in helically coiled circular tube.The relationship between the intensity of secondary flow and the intensity of laminar convective heat transfer is studied.The effects of curvature and torsion on the enhancement of heat transfer are also considered.The results reveal that the absolute vorticity flux along the mainstream can be used to indicate the local or averaged intensity of secondary flow;the non-dimensional parameter of the absolute vortex along the main flow determines the convective heat transfer and friction factor.The relationships of Nusselt number and friction factor with the Se are obtained.The effect of curvature on Nusselt number is obvious,but the effect of torsion on Nusselt number is less obvious.

关键词： helically coiled circular tube convective heat transfer heat transfer enhancement secondary flow

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secondary flow coefficient of overbank flow

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2010年第6期31卷 709-718页

作者：杨中华高伟槐文信 State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University

This paper presents a 2D analytical solution for the transverse velocity distribution in compound open channels based on the Shiono and Knight method （SKM）, in which the secondary flow coefficient （K-value） is introduced to take into account the effect of the secondary flow. The modeling results agree well with the experimental results from the Science and Engineering Research Council-Flood Channel Facility （SERC-FCF）. Based on the SERC-FCF, the effects of geography on the secondary flow coefficient and the reason for such effects are analyzed. The modeling results show that the intensity of the secondary flow is related to the geometry of the section of the compound channel, and the sign of the K-value is related to the rotating direction of the secondary flow cell. This study provides a scientific reference to the selection of theK-value.

关键词： compound channels overbank flow velocity distribution secondary flow

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Experimental Investigation of the secondary flow in a Rotating Smooth Channel Subjected to Thermal Boundary Conditions

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第6期29卷 1463-1474页

作者： LI Haiwang YOU Haoliang YOU Ruquan TAO Zhi National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engines Aero-thermodynamics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

In the current study,thermal boundary conditions are considered in a rotating smooth channel with a square cross-section to investigate the secondary flow and compare it to that of the same channel without heating.The measurement is conducted at three streamwise planes(X=445 mm,525 mm,605 mm).The flow parameters are the Reynolds number(Re=4750,which was based on the average longitudinal or primary velocity U and the hydraulic diameter D of the channel cross-section),the rotation number(Ro=?D/U,where?is the rotational velocity,ranging from 0 to 0.26),and the aspect ratio of the channel cross-section(AR=1,which is calculated by dividing the channel height by the channel width).The leading and trailing walls are heated under a constant heat flux qw=380 W/m^2,and the top and bottom walls are isothermal at room temperature.This work is in a series with our previous work without thermal boundary conditions.Based on the experimental data,we obtained a four-vortex regime.There is a counter-rotating vortex pair near the leading side and the trailing side.Because the leading and trailing walls are heated,the buoyancy force increases the relative vertical position of the vortex pair near the trailing side from 5%to 12.5%of the hydraulic diameter.When moving upstream along the streamwise direction,the upper vortex near the trailing wall becomes weaker,whereas the lower vortex becomes stronger.As the rotational speed increases,the vortex pair near the trailing side is inhibited by the Coriolis force.Under heated thermal boundary conditions,the vortex pair near the trailing side reappears due to the effect of buoyancy force.These results indicate that the buoyancy force has a substantial effect on the secondary flow regime under thermal boundary conditions.

关键词： flow dynamic rotating smooth channel secondary flow buoyancy force

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Development of secondary flow field under rotating condition in a straight channel with square cross-section

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018年第8期31卷 1703-1715页

作者： Ruquan YOU Kuan WEI Zhi TAO Haiwang LI Guoqiang XU National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engines Aero-Thermodynamics Beihang University Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine Beihang University Aero Engine Academy of China Aero Engine (Group) Corporation of China

The developing secondary flow fields in the entrance section of a rotating straight channel were experimentally investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry（PIV）. The effects of streamwise position, Reynolds number and rotation number on the development of the secondary flow fields were revealed. The results show that the absolute values of vorticity flux of the trailing side roll cells increase with increasing radius of the measured plane and rotation number. When the absolute value of vorticity flux exceeds a critical value, the merging of the trailing side roll cells appears. Moreover, when the number of the trailing side vortex pairs is even, the absolute values of vorticity flux of the leading side vortices increase along streamwise direction. Otherwise, the absolute values decrease along the streamwise direction. By the circulation analysis, this phenomenon was found to have relationship with the merging of the trailing side roll cells, and further concluded that the secondary flow field in a rotating channel has to be treated as a whole. At last,the increase of the Reynolds number was found to be able to induce the merging position moves upstream.

关键词： Circulation analysis Entrance section Field Programmable GataArray （FPGA） Particle Image Velocimetry（PlV） Rotating channel secondary flow

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Effect of turbulence-driven secondary flow on particle preferential concentration and clustering in turbulent square duct flows

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Particuology 2021年第2期19卷 70-83页

作者： Yanlin Zhao Yanzhi Wang Jun Yao International Joint Laboratory on Clean Energy Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Process Fluid Filtration and SeparationCollege of Mechanical and Transportation EngineeringChina University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing 102249China

In this study,the preferential concentration and clustering of inertial particles in fully developed turbulent square duct flows are studied using large eddy simulations combined with Lagrangian approach,where the Reynolds number is equal to Reτ=600(based on the mean friction velocity and duct full height),and the particle Stokes number ranges from 0.0007 to 1.16.The results obtained for duct flows are compared with those for channel flows under the same working conditions.Then,the effect of the secondary flow on the particle concentration in duct flows is investigated.The equation of particle motion is governed by the drag force,lift force,added mass force,pressure gradient force,and gravity.The inter-phase interaction that was considered includes one-way and two-way coupling.The simulations of a single phase are verified and in good agreement with the available literature data.For the discrete phase,particles in the duct flow are found to be more dispersed in the vertical direction compared with the channel flow.In near-wall regions,a small fraction of particles tends to accumulate in duct corners,forming stable particle streaks under the effect of the secondary flow.Meanwhile,most particles are likely to reside preferentially in the low-speed flow regions and form elongated particle streaks steadily in the middle region of duct or channel floors.The Voronoi diagram analysis shows that the near-wall secondary flows in the square duct could cause particle clusters to transfer from regions of high to low concentration,and this trend increases with particle size.In addition,two-way coupling is found to enhance the near-wall particle accumulation and to promote particles to form more elongated streaks than one-way coupling.Finally,the mechanism responsible for the particle preferential concentration in turbulent square duct flows is determined.

关键词： secondary flow Preferential concentration Turbulence Particles Square duct

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Unsteady wakes-secondary flow interactions in a high-lift low-pressure turbine cascade

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2020年第3期33卷 879-892页

作者： Xiao QU Yanfeng ZHANG Xingen LU Junqiang ZHU Key Laboratory of Light-Duty Gas-Turbine Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Detailed experimental measurements were conducted to study the interactions between incoming wakes and endwall secondary flow in a high-lift Low-Pressure Turbine(LPT)cascade.All of the measurements were conducted in both the presence and absence of incoming wakes,and numerical analysis was performed to elucidate the flow mechanism.With increasing Reynolds number,the influence of the incoming wakes on suppressing the secondary flow gradually increased owing to the greater influence of incoming wakes on reducing the negative incidence angle at higher Reynolds numbers,leading to a lower blade loading near the leading edge and suppression of the Pressure Side(PS)leg of the horseshoe vortex.However,the effect of unsteady wakes on suppressing the profile losses gradually became weaker owing to the reduced size of the Suction Side(SS)separation bubble and increased mixing loss in the free-flow region at high Reynolds numbers.Incoming wakes clearly improved the aerodynamic performance of the low-pressure turbine cascade at low Reynolds numbers of 25,000 and 50,000.In contrast,at the high Reynolds number of 100,000,the profile loss at the midspan and mass-averaged total losses downstream of the cascade were higher in the presence of wakes than in the absence of wakes,and the unsteady wakes exerted a negative influence on the aerodynamic performance of the LPT cascade.

关键词： Experimental study High-lift Incoming wakes Low-pressure turbine secondary flow

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