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Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis:a narrative review

Gastroenterology Report 2018年第1期6卷 21-28,I0001页

作者： Roy J.Hopkins Robert B.Wilson Department of Upper GI Surgery Liverpool HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,spore-forming,obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in *** high-income countries,*** is the most common cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized *** incidence of *** infection in the USA has increased markedly since 2000,with hospitalizations for *** infections in non-pregnant adults doubling between 2000 and *** 20%and 35%of patients with *** infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment and,of these,40–60%will have a second *** of *** infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care *** this article,current treatments for recurrent *** infection are reviewed and future directions *** include the use of antibiotics,probiotics,donor faecal transplants,anion resins,secondary bile acids or anti-toxin antibodies.

关键词： Clostridium difficile recurrent infection faecal microbiota transplant anion-binding resins monoclonal antibodies secondary bile acid

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Exploring gut microbes in human health and disease:Pushing the envelope

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Genes & Diseases 2014年第2期1卷 132-139页

作者： Jun Sun Eugene B.Chang Department of Biochemistry Rush University Medical CenterCohn Research Building1735 W.Harrison St.Room 506ChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Medicine Knapp Center for Biomedical DiscoveryUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637United States

Humans have coevolved with their microbes over thousands of years,but this relationship,is now being dramatically affected by shifts in the collective human microbiome resulting from changes in the environment and societal *** perturbations of intestinal host-microbe interactions can lead to miscues and altered host responses that increase the risk of pathogenic processes and promote“western”disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases,cancers,obesity,diabetes,autism,and *** the current challenges and limitations in gene therapy,approaches that can reshape the gut microbiome represent a reasonable strategy for restoring the balance between host and *** this review and commentary,we highlight recent progress in our understanding of the intestinal microbiome in the context of health and diseases,focusing on mechanistic concepts that underlie the complex relationships between host and *** these gains,many challenges lie ahead that make it difficult to close the gap between the basic sciences and clinical *** will discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that can be used to manipulate the gut microbiota,recognizing that the promise of pharmabiotics(“bugs to drugs”)is unlikely to be completely fulfilled without a greater understanding of enteric microbiota and its impact on mammalian *** leveraging the knowledge gained through these studies,we will be prepared to enter the era of personalized medicine where clinical inventions can be custom-tailored to individual patients to achieve better outcomes.

关键词： Cancer Dysbiosis Gutebrain axis Inflammation Obesity SCFA secondary bile acid Vitamin D receptor

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