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Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in China

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 441-453页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Zhaoyun1, HE Haiqing2, ZHANG Mingjie3, WANG Hongjun1, WANG Yunpeng4 & QIN Yong5 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China 2. PetroChina Exploration & Production, Beijing 100011, China 3. Department of Geology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China 4. Guangzhou Geochemical Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 5. China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChinaBeijin China PetroChina Exploration & Production Beijing China Department of Geology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China Guangzhou Geochemical Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou China

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks them- selves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the Chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and reservoir forming, the complex hydrocarbon-generating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the “three-stage” gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and reservoir-forming course. The high-quality hy- drocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-reservoirs, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-reservoirs is an important means for the effective forma- tion of gas reservoirs. The secondary organic matters in carbonate reservoirs may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.

关键词： carbonate, three-stage hydrocarbon generation, inhibitive effect of maturity, oil-cracking gas, second-ary asphalt gas.

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