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seasonal variability in dissolved oxygen in the Bohai Sea,China

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 78-92页

作者： Yaozu CHEN Fangguo ZHAI Yanzhen GU Jing CAO Cong LIU Xingchuan LIU Zizhou LIU Peiliang LI School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266000China Institute of Physical Oceanography and Remote Sensing Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 572024China

Deoxygenation has frequently appeared in coastal ecosystems over the past century due to the joint infl uence of increasing anthropogenically induced nutrient inputs and global warming.The semi-enclosed Bohai Sea is a typical system that is prone to deoxygenation,with regular hypoxia events consistently recorded in recent decades.Based on in-situ observation data collected in large-scale voyage surveys in the Bohai Sea during 2008-2017,the seasonal variability in dissolved oxygen(DO)and its controlling mechanisms were studied.The results indicated that in spring and autumn,the DO distributions exhibited similar spatial patterns in the surface and bottom layers,while in summer,its spatial distribution was characterized by large-scale oxygen-poor zones distributed off the Qinhuangdao Coast and the central southern Bohai Sea in the bottom layer.The controlling mechanisms of the DO distribution varied from season to season.Spring and autumn DO distributions were dominated by the seawater temperature.Under the combined eff ects of stratifi cation and decomposition,the summer bottom DO exhibited dual-core distribution.On the one hand,stratifi cation could greatly impede vertical mixing,resulting in reduced bottom DO replenishment.On the other hand,the increased bottom organic matter intensifi ed the decomposition processes,inducing massive DO consumption and elevated dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations.In addition,the stronger stratifi cation might be the reason for the more severe deoxygenation in the southern oxygen-poor zones in summer.Our study provides guidance for an in-depth understanding of the DO seasonality in the Bohai Sea and the mechanisms that modulate it and for the improvement of hypoxia forecasts in ocean models.

关键词： dissolved oxygen seasonal variability mechanism the Bohai Sea

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seasonal variability of the bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第4期25卷 550-555页

作者：琚强昌江松田纪伟孔令海倪国喜 Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China

seasonal variability of the bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current （NEC） is studied by constructing the analytic solu- tion for the time-dependent horizontal linear shallow water quasi-geostrophic equations. Using the Florida State University wind data from 1961 through 1992, we find that the bifurcation latitude of the NEC changes with seasons. Furthermore, it is shown that the NEC bifurcation is at its southernmost latitude （12.7°N） in June and the northernmost latitude （14.4~ N） in November.

关键词： North Equatorial Current （NEC） seasonal variability quasi-geostrophic equations analytic solution

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seasonal variability OF THE INDONESIAN THROUGHFLOW FROM A VARIABLE-GRID GLOBAL OCEAN MODEL

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2004年第5期16卷 525-532页

作者： WANGYong-gang FANGGuo-hong WEIZe-xun CHENHai-ying WANGXin-yi KeyLaboratoryofMarineScienceandNumericalModeling TheFirstInstituteofOceanographyStateOceanicAdministrationQingdao266061China InstituteofOceanology ChineseAcademyofSciencesQingdao266071China

The objective of this study is to model the mean and seasonal mass transportof the Pacific to Indian O-cean throughflow using variable-grid global Ocean General CirculationModel (OGCM) with fine grid (1°/6) covering the area from 20°S to 60°N and from 98°E to 156°E.The computations show that Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) mass transport, computed as a sum ofthrough-strait transport, has maximum transport in Sept. (17. 5Sv) and minimum transport in Jan. (9.5Sv). The annual mean ITF transport amounts to 14. 5Sv. Twenty-two percent of this transport passesthrough Lombok Strait. Sixty-five percent of this transport passes through Timor Passage.Semi-annual variability is apparent in Lombok and Ombai Straits while annual variability is apparentin Timor Passage.

关键词： indonesian throughflow seasonal variability global ocean circulation model

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seasonal variability of the Kuroshio Current at the PN Section in the East China Sea based on in-situ observation from 1987 to 2010

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第5期34卷 12-21页

作者： WEI Yanzhou PEI Yuhua ZHANG Rong-Hua Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China

As the spatio-temporal variability of the Kuroshio is highly influenced by mesoscale eddies, representing its seasonal variability characteristics requires sufficiently long term observations to reduce the uncertainties. Geostrophic velocity data estimated from hydrographic observation from 1987 to 2010 and the shipboard ADCP velocity data from 1993 to 2008 at the PN Section in the central East China Sea are collected to view the seasonal variability objectively. From both types of observation, it is found that the seasonal climatology mean of the Kuroshio Current exhibits significant difference in three areas, which are located at the Kuroshio Current core and its two flanks in a shallow layer less than 300 m, with the weakest northeast current at the core in autumn, the strongest counter current on the right flank in spring, and the strongest northeast current on the left flank in autumn, respectively. The seasonal variance of the Kuroshio Current also exhibits significant difference on the off- shore side of the Kuroshio, with larger variance in spring and summer while smaller variance in autumn and winter. For the current parallel to the PN Section, the ratio of the seasonal variability component to the intraseasonal variability component is relatively smaller than that for the current perpendicular to the PN Section. Further analyses indicate that the seasonal variability at the PN Section is tightly linked to the upstream and downstream current variability.

关键词： Kuroshio Current seasonal variability East China Sea significance test

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seasonal variability of tropical cyclones generated over the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第4期26卷 20-28页

作者： WANG Guihua WANG Hui QI Yiquan State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Chinese Academy of Meteorology Sciences China Administration of Meteorology Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine and Environmental Dynamics South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

The seasonal variability of tropical cyclones （CTCs） generated over the South China Sea （SCS） from 1948 to 2003 is analyzed. It peaks in occurrence in August and few generate in late winter （from January to March）. The seasonal activity is attributed to the variability of atmosphere and ocean environments associated with the monsoon system. It is found that the monsoonal characteristics of the SCS basically determine the region of tropical cyclone （TC） genesis in each month.

关键词： seasonal variability South China Sea tropical cyclone

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seasonal variability in the thermohaline structure of the Western Pacific Warm Pool

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第7期34卷 44-53页

作者： QIN Sisi ZHANG Qilong YIN Baoshu Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Using the 28℃ isotherm to define the Western Pacific Warm Pool （WPWP）, this study analyzes the seasonal variability of the WPWP thermohaline structure on the basis of the monthly-averaged sea temperature and salinity data from 1950 to 2011, and the dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms based on the monthly-averaged wind, precipitation, net heat fluxes and current velocity data. A△T=-0.4℃ is more suitable than other temperature criterion for determining the mixed layer （ML） and barrier layer （BL） over the WPWP using monthly-averaged temperature and salinity data. The WPWP has a particular thermohaline structure and can be vertically divided into three layers, i.e., the ML, BL, and deep layer （DL）. The BL thickness （BLT） is the thickest, while the ML thickness （MLT） is the thinnest. The MLT has a similar seasonal variation to the DL thickness （DLT） and BLT. They are all thicker in spring and fall but thinner in summer. The temperatures of the ML and BL are both higher in spring and autumn but lower in winter and summer with an annual amplitude of 0.15℃, while the temperature of the DL is higher in May and lower in August. The averaged salinities at these three layers are all higher in March but lower in September, with annual ranges of 0.41-0.45. Zonal currents, i.e., the South Equatorial Current （SEC） and North Equatorial Counter Current （NECC）, and winds may be the main dynamic factors driving the seasonal variability in the WPWP thermohaline structure, while precipitation and net heat fluxes are both important thermodynamic factors. Higher （lower） winds cause both the MLT and BLT to thicken （thin）, a stronger （weaker） NECC induces MLT, BLT, and DLT to thin （thicken）, and a stronger （weaker） SEC causes both the MLT and BLT to thicken （thin） and the DLT to thin （thicken）. An increase （decrease） in the net heat fluxes causes the MLT and BLT to thicken （thin） but the DLT to thin （thicken）, while a stronger （weaker） precipitation favors thinner （thicker） MLT but thicker （thinner） BLT and DLT. In addition, a stronger （

关键词： Western Pacific Warm Pool thermohaline structure barrier layer mixed layer seasonal variability

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Revisiting the seasonal wave height variability in the South China Sea with merged satellite altimetry observations

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第11期36卷 38-50页

作者： SU Hui WEI Chunlei JIANG Shaocai LI Peiliang ZHAI Fangguo Central Marine Environmental Monitoring Station of Xiamen East China Sea BranchState Oceanic Administration Beihai Marine Environmental Monitoring Center South China Sea BranchState Oceanic Administration College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China

The seasonal variability of the significant wave height（SWH） in the South China Sea（SCS） is investigated using the most up-to-date gridded daily altimeter data for the period of September 2009 to August 2015. The results indicate that the SWH shows a uniform seasonal variation in the whole SCS, with its maxima occurring in December/January and minima in May. Throughout the year, the SWH in the SCS is the largest around Luzon Strait（LS） and then gradually decreases southward across the basin. The surface wind speed has a similar seasonal variation, but with different spatial distributions in most months of the year. Further analysis indicates that the observed SWH variations are dominated by swell. The wind sea height, however, is much smaller. It is the the largest in two regions southwest of Taiwan Island and southeast of Vietnam Coast during the northeasterly monsoon, while the largest in the central/southern SCS during the southwesterly monsoon. The extreme wave condition also experiences a significant seasonal variation. In most regions of the northern and central SCS, the maxima of the 99 th percentile SWH that are larger than the SWH theoretically calculated with the wind speed for the fully developed seas mainly appear in August–November, closely related to strong tropical cyclone activities.Compared with previous studies, it is also implied that the wave climate in the Pacific Ocean plays an important role in the wave climate variations in the SCS.

关键词： significant wave height seasonal variability South China Sea satellite observations

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Climatology and seasonal variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll a around the Shandong Peninsula

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第4期39卷 1222-1244页

作者： Xiukai SONG Yanzhen GU Fangguo ZHAI Peiliang LI Pengxia LIU Zizhou LIU Wenfan WU Yaozu CHEN Xiangyang JIANG Jianlong HE Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine EcologyYantai 264006China College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Institute of Physical Oceanography and Remote Sensing Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021China Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University Sanya 572025China

The chlorophyll a(Chl a)is an important indicator of marine ecosystems.The spatiotemporal variation of the Chl a greatly aff ects the mariculture and marine ranching in coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula.In the current study,the climatology and seasonal variability of surface Chl-a concentration around the Shandong Peninsula are investigated based on 16 years(December 2002-November 2018)of satellite observations.The results indicate that the annual mean Chl-a concentration is greater in the Bohai Sea than in the Yellow Sea and decreases from coastal waters to off shore waters.The highest Chl-a concentrations are found in Laizhou Bay(4.2-8.0 mg/m^(3)),Haizhou Bay(4.2-5.9 mg/m^(3))and the northeast coast of the Shandong Peninsula(4.4-5.0 mg/m^(3)),resulting from the combined eff ects of the intense riverine input and long residence time caused by the concave shape of the coastline.The seasonal Chl-a concentration shows a significant spatial variation.The Chl-a concentrations in these three subregions generally exhibit an annual maximum in August/September,due to the combined eff ects of sea surface temperature,river discharge and sea surface wind.In the southeast coast region,however,the Chl-a concentration is lowest throughout the year and reaches a maximum in February with a minimum in July,forced by the seasonal evolution of the Yellow Sea Cold Water and monsoon winds.The interannual Chl-a concentration trends vary among regions and seasons.There are significant increasing trends over a large area around Haizhou Bay from winter to summer,which are mainly caused by the rising sea surface temperature and eutrophication.In other coastal areas,the Chl-a concentration shows decreasing trends,which are clearest in summer and induced by the weakening land rainfall.This study highlights the differences in the Chl-a dynamics among regions around the Shandong Peninsula and is helpful for further studies of coupled physical-ecological-human interactions at multiple scales.

关键词： chlorophyll-a concentration Shandong Peninsula climatology seasonal variability Yellow Sea Cold Water

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Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite-tracked drifter data

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 11-29页

作者： HU Xiaomin XIONG Xuejun QIAO Fangli GUO Binghuo LIN Xiaopei College of Physcial and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling of State Oceanic Administration First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The muhiyear averaged surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions are studied. The data used are trajectories and （1/4） ° latitude by （1/4） ° longitude mean currents derived from 323 Argos drifters deployed by Chinese institutions and world ocean circulation experiment from 1979 to 2003. The results show that the Kuroshio surface path adapts well to the western boundary topography and exhibits six great turnings. The branching occurs frequently near anticyclonic turnings rather than near cyclonic ones. In the Luzon Strait, the surface water intrusion into the South China Sea occurs only in fall and winter. The Kuroshio surface path east of Taiwan, China appears nearly as straight lines in summer, fall, and winter, when anticyclonic eddies coexist on its right side; while the path may cyclonically turning in spring when no eddy exists. The Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan often occurs in fall and winter, but not in summer. The running direction, width and velocity of the middle segment of the Kuroshio surface currents in the East China Sea vary seasonally. The northward intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water southwest of Kyushu occurs in spring and fall, but not in summer. The northmost position of the Kuroshio surface path southwest of Kyushu occurs in fall, but never goes beyond 31 °N. The northward surface current east of the Ryukyu Islands exists only along Okinawa-Amami Islands from spring to fall. In particular, it appears as an arm of an anti- cyclonic eddy in fall.

关键词： Kuroshio surface current field satellite-tracked surface drifter seasonal variability

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An improved method for evaluating the seasonal variability of total suspended sediment flux field in the Yellow and East China Seas

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第1期26卷 1-14页

The suspended sediment flux field in the Yellow and East China Seas(YECS) displays its seasonal variability.A new method is introduced in this paper to obtain the flux field via retrieval of ocean color remote sensing data,statistical analysis of historical suspended sediment concentration data,and numerical simulation of three-dimensional(3D) flow velocity.The components of the sediment flux field include(i) surface suspended sediment concentration inverted from ocean color remote sensing data;(ii) vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration obtained by statistical analysis of historical observation data;and(iii) 3D flow field modeled by a numerical simulation.With the improved method,the 3D suspended sediment flux field in the YECS has been illustrated.By comparison with the suspended sediment flux field solely based on the numerical simulation of a suspended sediment transport model,the suspended sediment flux field obtained by the improved method is found to be more reliable.The 3D suspended sediment flux field from ocean colour remote sensing and in situ observation are more closer to the reality.Furthermore,by quantitatively analyzing the newly obtained suspended sediment flux field,the quantity of sediment erosion and deposition within the different regions can be evaluated.The sediment exchange between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea can be evident.The mechanism of suspended sediment transport in the YECS can be better understood.In particular,it is suggested that the long-term transport of suspended sediment is controlled mainly by the circulation pattern,especially the current in winter.

关键词： Suspended sediment flux field seasonal variability Yellow and East China Seas Regression equation Numerical simulation

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