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A New North Atlantic Oscillation Index and Its Variability

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第5期20卷 661-676页

作者：李建平 Julian X.L.WANG State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Air Resources Lab NOAA Silver Spring MD 20910 USA

A new North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the NAOI, is defined as the differences of normalized sea level pressures regionally zonal-averaged over a broad range of longitudes 80°W-30°E. A comprehensive comparison of six NAO indices indicates that the new NAOI provides a more faithful representation of the spatial-temporal variability associated with the NAO on all timescales. A very high signal-to-noise ratio for the NAOI exists for all seasons, and the life cycle represented by the NAOI describes well the seasonal migration for action centers of the NAO. The NAOI captures a larger fraction of the variance of sea level pressure over the North Atlantic sector (20°-90°N, 80°W-30°E), on average 10% more than any other NAO index. There are quite different relationships between the NAOI and surface air temperature during winter and summer. A novel feature, however, is that the NAOI is significantly negative correlated with surface air temperature over the North Atlantic Ocean between 10°-25°N and 70°-30°W, whether in winter or summer. From 1873, the NAOI exhibits strong interannual and decadal variability. Its interannual variability of the twelve calendar months is obviously phase-locked with the seasonal cycle. Moreover, the annual NAOI exhibits a clearer decadal variability in amplitude than the winter NAOI. An upward trend is found in the annual NAOI between the 1870s and 1910s, while the other winter NAO indices fail to show this tendency. The annual NAOI exhibits a strongly positive epoch of 50 years between 1896 and 1950. After 1950, the variability of the annual NAOI is very similar to that of the winter NAO indices.

关键词： North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index interannual and decadal variability signal-to-noise ratio seasonal phase lock

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Development Processes of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第1期27卷 95-99页

作者：武术吴立新刘秦玉 Shang-Ping XIE Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 Center for Climatic Research University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA International Pacific Research Center and Department of Meteorology University of Hawaii Honolulu USA

Mechanisms for the spatio-temporal development of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode （TPMM） are investigated using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and observations. In both observations and the model, this meridional mode displays decadal variations and is most pronounced in spring and early summer. The model simulation suggests that once SST anomalies in the subtropical northeastern Pacific are initiated, say by northeasterly trade wind variability, perturbations evolve into a merdional dipole in 2 -3 months. A wind-evaporative-SST feedback causes a southwestward propagation of initial subtropical SST anomalies, while anomalous equatorial upwelling helps form the southern lobe of the meridional dipole. The TPMM development is a fast process （a few months） and depends on the seasonal cycle.

关键词： Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode wind-evaporative-SST feedback oceanic upwelling decadal variation seasonal phase lock

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