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Application of the two different salinity parameterization schemes in the sea ice model

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Marine Science Bulletin 2013年第2期15卷 3-14页

作者：王庆元李琰李清泉王兰宁牟林易笑园天津市气象台天津300074 国家海洋信息中心天津300171 国家气候中心北京100081 北京师范大学北京100875

In this study, we mainly introduce two salinity parameterization schemes used in sea ice Simulator （SIS）, that is, isosaline scheme and salinity profile scheme. Comparing the equation of isosaline scheme with that of salinity profile scheme, we found that there was one different term between the two schemes named the salinity different term. The thermodynamic effect of the salinity difference term on sea ice thickness and sea ice concentration showed that： in the freezing processes from November to next May, the sea ice temperature could rise on the influence of the salinity difference term and restrain sea ice freezing; at the first melting phase from June to August, the upper ice melting rate was faster than the lower ice melting rate. Then sea ice temperature could rise and accelerate the sea ice melting; at the second melting phase from September to October, the upper ice melting rate was slower than the lower ice melting rate, then sea ice temperature could decrease and restrain sea ice melting. However, the effect of the salinity difference term on the sea ice thickness and sea ice concentration was weak. To analyze the impacts of the salinity different term on Arctic sea ice thickness and sea ice concentration, we also designed several experiments by introducing the two salinity parameterizations to the ice-ocean coupled model, Modular Ocean model （MOM4）, respectively. The simulated results confirmed the previous results of formula derivation.

关键词： Arctic sea ice model salinity parameterization scheme

An Arctic sea ice Simulation Using an Ocean-ice Coupled model

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2010年第4期3卷 219-223页

作者： Sun Hong-Chuan Zhou Guang-Qing International Center for Climate and Environment Science Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

This paper evaluates the simulation of Arctic sea ice states using an ocean-ice coupled model that employs LASG/IAP(the State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/the Institute of Atmospheric Physics) Climate Ocean model(LICOM) and the sea-ice model from the Bergen Climate model(BCM).It is shown that the coupled model can reasonably reproduce the major characteristics of the mean state,annual cycle,and interannual variability of the Arctic sea ice *** coupled model also shows biases that were generally presented in other models,such as the underestimation of summer sea ice concentration and thickness as well as the unsatisfactory sea ice *** experiments indicate that the insufficient performance of the ocean model at high latitudes may be the main reason for the biases in the coupled *** smoother and the fake "island",which had to be used due to the model's grid in the North Pole region,likely caused the ocean model's weak *** ice model thermodynamics are also responsible for the sea ice simulation ***,both the thermodynamic module of the sea ice component and the model grid of the ocean component need to be further improved.

关键词： sea ice model coupled model evaluation Arctic

Melt Pond Scheme Parameter Estimation Using an Adjoint model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第9期38卷 1525-1536页

作者： Yang LU Xiaochun WANG Jihai DONG School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Melt ponds significantly affect Arctic sea ice thermodynamic *** melt pond parameterization scheme in the Los Alamos sea ice model(Cice6.0) can predict the volume,area fraction(the ratio between melt pond area to sea ice area in a model grid),and depth of melt ***,this scheme has some uncertain parameters that affect melt pond *** parameters could be determined through a conventional parameter estimation method,which requires a large number of sensitivity *** adjoint model can calculate the parameter sensitivity *** the present research,an adjoint model was developed for the CESM(Community Earth System model) melt pond scheme.A melt pond parameter estimation algorithm was then developed based on the Cice6.0 sea ice model,melt pond adjoint model,and L-BFGS(Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfard-Shanno) minimization *** parameter estimation algorithm was verified under idealized *** using MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)melt pond fraction observation as a constraint and the developed parameter estimation algorithm,the melt pond aspect ratio parameter in CESM scheme,which is defined as the ratio between pond depth and pond area fraction,was estimated every eight days during summertime for two different regions in the *** region was covered by multi-year ice(MYI) and the other by first-year ice(FYI).The estimated parameter was then used in simulations and the results show that:(1) the estimated parameter varies over time and is quite different for MYI and FYI;(2) the estimated parameter improved the simulation of the melt pond fraction.

关键词： Cice6.0 sea ice model Melt pond Parameterization scheme Adjoint model Parameter estimation Arctic

An Overview of BCC Climate System model Development and Application for Climate Change Studies

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2014年第1期28卷 34-56页

作者：吴统文宋连春李伟平王在志张华辛晓歌张艳武张莉李江龙吴方华刘一鸣张芳史学丽储敏张洁房永杰汪方路屹雄刘向文魏敏刘茜霞周文艳董敏赵其庚季劲钧 Laurent LI 周明煜 National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration(CMA) National Meteorological Information Center CMA Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

This paper reviews recent progress in the development of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System model （BCC_CSM） and its four component models （atmosphere, land surface, ocean, and sea ice）. Two recent versions are described： BCC_CSMI.1 with coarse resolution （approximately 2.8125°× 2.8125°） and BCC_CSMI.I（m） with moderate resolution （approximately 1.125°×1.125°）. Both versions are fully cou- pled climate-carbon cycle models that simulate the global terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycles and include dynamic vegetation. Both models well simulate the concentration and temporal evolution of atmospheric CO2 during the 20th century with anthropogenic CO2 emissions prescribed. Simulations using these two versions of the BCC_CSM model have been contributed to the Coupled model Intercomparison Project phase five （CMIP5） in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （1PCC） Fifth Assessment Report （AR5）. These simulations are available for use by both national and international communities for investigating global climate change and for future climate projections. Simulations of the 20th century climate using BCC-CSMI.1 and BCC_CSMI.I（m） are presented and validated, with particular focus on the spatial pattern and seasonal evolution of precipitation and surface air temperature on global and continental scales. Simulations of climate during the last millennium and projections of climate change during the next century are also presented and discussed. Both BCC_CSMI.1 and BCC_CSMI.I（m） perform well when compared with other CMIP5 models. Preliminary analyses in- dicate that the higher resolution in BCC CSMI.I（m） improves the simulation of mean climate relative to BCC_CSMI.1, particularly on regional scales.

关键词： Beijing Climate Center Climate System model (BCC_ CSM) atmospheric general circulationmodel land surface model oceanic general circulation model sea ice model