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Simulation study on performance optimization of a prototype scintillation detector for the GRANDProto35 experiment

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第5期32卷 71-83页

作者： Xiang-Li Qian Hui-Ying Sun Cheng Liu Xu Wang Olivier Martineau-Huynh School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Sorbonne Universite Universite Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CiteCNRS/IN2P3LPNHEParisFrance

As a proposed detector,the giant radio array for neutrino detection(GRAND)is primarily designed to discover and study the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays,with ultra-high-energy neutrinos presenting the main method for detecting ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and their *** main principle is to detect radio emissions generated by ultra-high-energy neutrinos interacting with the atmosphere as they *** is the largest neutrino detection array to be built in ***35,as the first stage of the GRAND experiment,is a coincidence array composed of radio antennas and a scintillation detector,the latter of which,as a traditional detector,is used to perform cross-validation with radio detection,thus verifying the radio detection efficiency and enabling study of the background exclusion *** study focused on the implementation of the optimization simulation and experimental testing of the performance of the prototype scintillation detector used in GRANDProto35.A package based on GEANT4 was used to simulate the details of the scintillation detector,including the optical properties of its materials,the height of the light guide box,and position *** surface of the scintillator and the reflective materials used in the detector was optimized,and the influence of light guide heights and position inhomogeneity on the energy and time resolutions of the detector was *** to the simulation study,the number of scintillator photoelectrons increased when changing from the polished surface to the ground surface,with the appropriate design height for the light guide box being 50 cm and the appropriate design area for the scintillator being 0.5 m^(2).The performance of the detector was tested in detail through a coincidence experiment,and the test results showed that the number of photoelectrons collected in the detector was$84 with a time resolution of~1 ns,indicating good *** simulation results were consistent with

关键词： GRANDProto35 GEANT4 scintillation detector Light guide height Photoelectrons

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A region segmentation based algorithm for building a crystal position lookup table in a scintillation detector

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第3期39卷 95-100页

作者：王海鹏贠明凯刘双全樊馨曹学香柴培单保慈 Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

In a scintillation detector, scintillation crystals are typically made into a 2-dimensional modular array. The location of incident gamma-ray needs be calibrated due to spatial response nonlinearity. Generally, position histograms--the characteristic flood response of scintillation detectors are used for position calibration. In this paper, a position calibration method based on a crystal position lookup table which maps the inaccurate location calculated by Anger logic to the exact hitting crystal position has been proposed. Firstly, the position histogram is preprocessed, such as noise reduction and image enhancement. Then the processed position histogram is segmented into disconnected regions, and crystal marking points are labeled by finding the centroids of regions. Finally, crystal boundaries are determined and the crystal position lookup table is generated. The scheme is evaluated by the whole-body positron emission tomography （PET） scanner and breast dedicated single photon emission computed tomography scanner developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results demonstrate that the algorithm is accurate, efficient, robust and applicable to any configurations of scintillation detector.

关键词： position lookup table position histogram region segmentation scintillation detector

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A large area plastic scintillation detector with 4-corner-readout

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第5期40卷 41-45页

作者：唐述文余玉洪周勇孙志宇章学恒王世陶岳珂刘龙祥方芳闫铎孙宇王兆民 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

A 760 mm × 760 mm× 30 mm plastic scintillation detector viewed by photomultiplier tubes （PMTs） from four corners has been developed, and the detector has been tested with cosmic rays and γrays. A position- independent effective time Teff has been found, indicating this detector can be used as a TOF detector. The hit position can also be reconstructed by the time from the four corners.A. TOF resolution of 236 ps and a position resolution of 48 mm have been achieved, and the detection efficiency has also been investigated.

关键词： scintillation detector 4-corner-readout time resolution position resolution

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Method to eliminate the attenuation of the amplitude with the time for output fast signal of BaF_2 scintillation detector

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第24期43卷 2103-2104页

作者： Juhua Yang Yinghuan Guo Lab of Nuclear Analysis Techniques Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Presents a method to eliminate the attenuation of the amplitude with the time for output fast signal of BaF2 scintillation detector. Application of the scintillation detector in the positron annihilation life-time spectrometer; Relations of the attenuation of fast signal amplitude to the thickness of silicone oil layer between BaF2 crystal.

关键词： time scintillation detector Method to eliminate the attenuation of the amplitude with the time for output fast signal of BaF2

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Design of hadronic calorimeter for DarkSHINE experiment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第9期35卷 155-167页

作者： Zhen Wang Rui Yuan Han-Qing Liu Jing Chen Xiang Chen Kim Siang Khaw Liang Li Shu Li Kun Liu Qi-Bin Liu Si-Yuan Song Tong Sun Xiao-Long Wang Yu-Feng Wang Hai-Jun Yang Jun-Hua Zhang Yu-Lei Zhang Zhi-Yu Zhao Chun-Xiang Zhu Xu-Liang Zhu Yi-Fan Zhu Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University1 Lisuo RoadShanghai 201210China Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics School of Physics and Astronomy800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology(SKLPPC)Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China

The sensitivity of the dark photon search through invisible decay final states in low-background experiments relies sig-nificantly on the neutron and muon veto efficiencies,which depend on the amount of material used and the design of the detector *** paper presents the optimized design of the hadronic calorimeter(HCAL)used in the DarkSHINE experiment,which is studied using a GEANT4-based simulation *** geometry is optimized by comparing a traditional design with uniform absorbers to one that uses different thicknesses at different locations on the detector,which enhances the efficiency of vetoing low-energy neutrons at the sub-GeV *** overall size and total amount of material used in the HCAL are optimized to be lower,owing to the load and budget requirements,whereas the overall performance is studied to satisfy the physical objectives.

关键词： Hadronic calorimeter GEANT4 simulation Neutron background scintillation detector Dark photon

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HPGe and scintillation detectors Comparisons on Waste Drums Radioactivity Measurement

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2016年第8期4卷 1482-1487页

作者： Chin-Hsien Yeh Wun-Jhih Huang Ming-Chen Yuan Hsiu-Wei Lee Health Physics Division Institute of Nuclear Energy Research Taiwan

Two measurement systems, one being comprised of three HPGe detectors and the other being a 4π measurement system of the assembly of 10 sets of scintillation detectors, were compared for their measurement performance in operations of radioactive waste drum radioactivity measurement and clearance and release operation of decommissioning. The system features of the former were high costs, capable of identifying radionuclides, a measurement time of about 1000 sec. The system features of the latter were high sensibility, capable of identifying hotspots, a measurement time of about 100 sec. Various comparisons were made for the differences of the two systems on reference drums, whole-drum homogeneous and non-homogeneous metal drums and non-metal drums, whole-drums of different filling rates. The aim was to compare the differences of the two measurement systems in measuring radioactivity of critical radionuclides of 137Cs, 54Mn and 60Co.

关键词： HPGe detector scintillation detector Clearance

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Simulation study on cosmic ray background at large zenith angle based on GRANDProto35 coincidence array experiment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第1期32卷 35-45页

作者： Xiang-Li Qian Xu Wang Hui-Ying Sun Zhen Wang Olivier Martineau-Huynh School of Intelligent Engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan 250357China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Sorbonne Paris Cite CNRS/IN2P3LPNHESorbonne UniversiteUniversite Paris DiderotParisFrance

Neutrino detection in the 100 PeV energy region is the ultimate means of studying the origin of ultra-highenergy cosmic rays,in which the large radio detection array giant radio array for neutrino detection(GRAND)project aims to use to decipher this century-old *** GRANDProto35 compact array is a microform of 35 radio prototype detectors for the GRAND experiment,which verifies the reliability of GRAND performance through operation,and data analysis of the prototype *** radio detectors are a novel development in recent years,and their indexes need to be verified by traditional detectors,the GRAND Cooperation Group designed and constructed the GRANDProto35 coincidence array composed of radio detectors and scintillation *** study simulated the changes in detection efficiency,effective area,and event rate of cosmic rays with zenith angle based on this coincidence *** study found that the 1017 eV energy region is sensitive to GRANDProto35 *** the energy exceeded 1017 eV,the array detection efficiency could reach more than 95%and the effective area was up to*29106 m2.A simulation study on cosmic ray events with large zenith angles showed that the event rate detected by the array decreased significantly with increasing zenith angle,and the event rate of cosmic rays was approximately 0.1 per day for a zenith angle of 75.This serves as the background pollution rate for neutrino observation caused by largeangle cosmic-ray events,providing an important reference for further *** study results will be verified after the joint operation of the coincidence array.

关键词： GRANDProto35 GEANT4 scintillation detector Cosmic ray

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Development of Yangbajing air shower core detector for a new EAS hybrid experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第8期39卷 81-86页

作者：刘金胜黄晶陈鼎张颖翟留名陈旭胡孝斌林钰晖张学尧冯存峰贾焕玉周勋秀单增罗布陈天禄厉海金刘茂元袁爱芳 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics Shandong University Institute of Modern Physics Southwest Jiaotong University Physics Department of Science School Tibet University

Aiming at the observation of cosmic-ray chemical composition in the ＂knee＂ energy region, we have been developing a new type of air-shower core detector （YAC, Yangbajing Air shower Core detector array） to be set up at Yangbajing （90.522° E, 30.102° N, 4300 m above sea level, atmospheric depth： 606 g/m2） in Tibet, China. YAC works together with the Tibet air-shower array （Tibet-Ⅲ） and an underground water Cherenkov muon detector array （MD） as a hybrid experiment. Each YAC detector unit consists of lead plates of 3.5 cm thickness and a scintillation counter which detects the burst size induced by high energy particles in the air-shower cores. The burst size can be measured from 1 MIP （Minimum Ionization Particle） to 106 MIPs. The first phase of this experiment, named ＂YAC- I ＂, consists of 16 YAC detectors each with a size of 40 cm×50 cm and distributed in a grid with an effective area of 10 m2. YAC- I is used to check hadronic interaction models. The second phase of the experiment, called ＂YAC-Ⅱ＂, consists of 124 YAC detectors with coverage of about 500 m2. The inner 100 detectors of 80 cm×50 cm each are deployed in a 10×10 matrix with a 1.9 m separation; the outer 24 detectors of 100 cm×50 cm each are distributed around these to reject non-core events whose shower cores are far from the YAC- Ⅱ array. YAC- Ⅱ is used to study the primary cosmic-ray composition, in particular, to obtain the energy spectra of protons, helium and iron nuclei between 5× 1013 eV and 1016 eV, covering the ＂knee＂ and also connected with direct observations at energies around 100 TeV. We present the design and performance of YAC- Ⅱ in this paper.

关键词： scintillation detector cosmic rays air shower primary mass

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Advances in nuclear detection and readout techniques

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第12期34卷 281-358页

作者： Rui He Xiao‑Yang Niu Yi Wang Hong‑Wei Liang Hong‑Bang Liu Ye Tian Hong‑Lin Zhang Chao‑Jie Zou Zhi‑Yi Liu Yun‑Long Zhang Hai‑Bo Yang Ju Huang Hong‑Kai Wang Wei‑Jia Han Bei Cao Gang Chen Cong Dai Li‑Min Duan Rui‑Rui Fan Fang‑Fa Fu Jian‑Hua Guo Dong Han Wei Jiang Xian‑Qin Li Xin Li Zhuo‑Dai Li Yu‑Tie Liang Shun Liao De‑Xu Lin Cheng‑Ming Liu Guo‑Rui Liu Jun‑Tao Liu Ze Long Meng‑Chen Niu Hao Qiu Hu Ran Xiang‑Ming Sun Bo‑Tan Wang Jia Wang Jin‑Xiang Wang Qi‑Lin Wang Yong‑Sheng Wang Xiao‑Chuan Xia Hao‑Qing Xie He‑Run Yang Hong Yin Hong Yuan Chun‑Hui Zhang Rui‑Guang Zhao Ran Zheng Cheng‑Xin Zhao Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory Huizhou 516000China Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging Department of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116020China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Electronic Engineering School Heilongjiang UniversityHarbin 150080China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Micro‑electronic Department Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China Liaoning Academy of Materials Shenyang 110167China Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly School of Mathematics and Physics Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 620035China PLAC Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China State Key Lab of Superhard Materials College of PhysicsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710129China

“A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job,”said *** detection and readout techniques are the foundation of particle physics,nuclear physics,and particle astrophysics to reveal the nature of the ***,they are being increasingly used in other disciplines like nuclear power generation,life sciences,environmental sciences,medical sciences,*** article reviews the short history,recent development,and trend of nuclear detection and readout techniques,covering Semiconductor detector,Gaseous detector,scintillation detector,Cherenkov detector,Transition Radiation detector,and Readout *** explaining the principle and using examples,we hope to help the interested reader underst and this research field and bring exciting information to the community.

关键词： Silicon detector Wide bandgap detector Time projection chamber(TPC) Multigap resistive plate chamber detector(MRPC) scintillation detector Calorimeters Cherenkov detector Transition radiation detector Artificial intelligence Trigger-less readout

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Measurement of intrinsic radioactive backgrounds from the ^(137)Cs and U/Th chains in CsI(Tl) crystals

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Chinese Physics C 2015年第4期39卷 55-62页

作者：刘书魁岳骞林兴德李元景唐昌建王子敬幸浩洋杨朝文赵伟朱敬军 College of Physical Science and Technology Sichuan University Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Institute of Physics Academia Sinica

The inorganic CsI（Tl） crystal scintillator is a candidate anti-compton detector for the China Dark matter Experiment. Studying the intrinsic radiopurity of the CsI（Tl） crystal is an issue of major importance. The timing, energy and spatial correlations, as well as the capability of pulse shape discrimination provide powerful methods for the measurement of intrinsic radiopurities. The experimental design, detector performance and event-selection algorithms are described. A total of 359×3 kg-days data from three prototypes of CsI（Tl） crystals were taken at China Jinping Underground Laboratory （CJPL）, which offers a good shielding environment. The contamination levels of internal isotopes from 137Cs, 232Th and 238U series, as well as the upper bounds of 235U series are reported. Identification of the whole α peaks from U/Th decay chains and derivation of those corresponding quenching factors are achieved.

关键词： scintillation detector CsI(T1) crystal intrinsic radiopurity alpha

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