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Building Simulation 2022年第6期15卷 1067-1082页

作者： Alaa Alaidroos Ayad Almaimani Moncef Krarti Ammar Dahlan Rahif Maddah Architectural Engineering Department King Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia Faculty of Architecture and Planning King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Building Systems Program University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA

The advantages of the demand control ventilation system(DCV)have been widely discussed in previous research ***,the literature has not addressed the benefits of DCV on controlling indoor CO_(2)concentration and minimizing cooling energy consumption for school buildings located in extremely hot ***,this paper contributes to the development of DCV and mechanical ventilation systems through a comprehensive evaluation of these systems to maintain acceptable indoor air quality(IAQ)while minimizing cooling energy demands for school buildings located in the harsh hot climate of Saudi *** evaluation is based on a calibrated whole-building energy model and validated IAQ predictions using field data obtained from a school case study in *** results of this research study confirm that hourly and sub-hourly monitoring of indoor CO_(2)concentration is required to ensure optimal design and operation of the ventilation systems in *** addition,the analyses indicate that a 13%increase in cooling energy end-use can result for any additional 0.1 students/m^(2)density increase in the ***,the energy penalties related to ventilation needs can be reduced by up to 25%using DCV instead of conventional mechanical ventilation systems for school buildings located in Saudi Arabia’s hot climate.

关键词： mechanical ventilation demand control ventilation(DCV) indoor air quality(IAQ) CO_(2)concentration energy efficiency school buildings

Energy Consumption, Thermal Performance and Thermal Comfort in Public school buildings in Jordan

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2014年第12期8卷 1482-1494页

作者： Abdulsalam A. Alshboul Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Jordan Amman 11942 Jordan

Good learning outputs in schools require an acceptable physical environment inside schools. Whatever the climatic context that surrounds any school buildings, energy flows of different types should be provided. Concerns may include thermal environment, luminous environment and acoustics environment. Types of energy used are an important variable that contributes to thermal comfort. Physical structure of the school building is another factor to be taken into consideration. This article established a relationship between thermal comfort inside schools and types of energy flows which have been consumed to maintain the level of comfort required, controlled by the building fabric and consequent economic factors that affect energy consumption of school buildings. Different approaches were applied in order to achieve the research objectives. Field surveys, field measurements and analyzing historical data were the most approaches followed to implement this study. The final outputs of this work have a national value nationwide： establishing a relationship among thermal comfort, energy flows and building fabric is of importance. Furthermore, it is of great importance to the decision maker for educational facilities. Research will also establish a wide platform based on scientific investigations for developing climate responsive school architecture in Jordan.

关键词： school buildings energy thermal comfort educational environments thermal performance Jordan.

Creation of Zero CO₂ Emissions school buildings Due to Energy Use in Crete-Greece

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2016年第1期5卷 12-18页

作者： John Vourdoubas Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering Technological Educational Institute of Crete Crete Greece

Decrease of energy consumption in buildings and increase of the share of renewable energies in them are currently technologically and economically feasible and it is promoted by E.U. policies. After 2019, all the new public buildings in EU countries must be near zero energy buildings reducing their energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Use of various renewable energies for heat and power generation in school buildings in Crete-Greece can result in zeroing their fossil fuels consumption and CO2 emissions. Purpose of the current work is to investigate the possibilities of creating zero CO2 emissions school buildings in Crete-Greece due to operational energy use in them. A methodology which allows the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energies in school buildings is proposed. Solar energy, solid biomass and low enthalpy geothermal energy, which are abundant in Crete, can be used for that. school buildings in Greece consume significantly less energy, 68 KWh/m2 year, and emit less CO2, 28 kgCO2/m2 year, than the corresponding buildings in other countries. The installation cost of renewable energies systems in order to replace all fossil fuels used in school buildings in Crete-Greece and to zero their CO2 consumption due to energy use in them has been estimated at 47.42 - 87.71 €/m2, which corresponds to 1.69 - 3.13 €/kg CO2 saved.

关键词： Crete Energy Renewable Energies school buildings Zero CO2 Emissions

Energy Performance versus Indoor Environment QualitymNon-traditional Form of Elementary schools Renovation in Terms of Slovak Republic

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第2期8卷 257-263页

作者： Martin Kovac Katarina Knizova Civil Engineering Faculty Technical University of Kosice Kosice 040 00 Slovak Republic

The content of contribution is to analyse suggested renovation of school building in term of energy performance and indoor environment quality. There were three selected variants of possible reno ration of school building. At first, it was installation of equipment for heat recovery into existing mechanical ventilation system. There were further evaluated possibilities how to use glass atrium or ground air-heat exchanger in mechanical ventilation system. These suggested variants were analysed in field of energy performance, namely in term of impacts on heat demand for space heating in order to keep required parameters of indoor environment quality according to standard STN EN 15251 （operative temperature, relative air humidity, air change rate）. The analysis was elaborated by using energy simulation tool Design Builder in order to evaluate yearlong operation of buildings.

关键词： Energy consumption indoor environment school buildings energy performance of building.

Assessing Occupational Exposure to Surface Contaminants in Kuwaiti Educational buildings

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Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 2019年第3期2卷 1-10页

作者： Abdul-Salam Al-Temeemi Jamal Al-Hubail Ahmad Al-Khayat College of Technology Kuwait Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Kuwait

The prevalence of surface contaminants,such as potentially harmful bacteria,within building environments in the State of Kuwait is not *** the authors’knowledge,this article is the first of such a report.A total of 342 stool samples were collected from 46 secondary schools to evaluate indoor occurrences of *** bacteria within selected lavatory *** microbiological testing,the results for the spread of the *** bacteria were categorized by total count,sampling location dependency,contamination level comparison between genders,and lavatory fixtures(*** and squat toilets).The results revealed that 7 schools have a bacterial contamination problem,there is cross-contamination between surfaces in the lavatory stalls,the boys’lavatories were less sanitary than the girls’,and that the squat-style toilets are more contaminated than the *** results suggest that there is significant risk of spread of bacterial infection among students via contaminated hands and surfaces in the lavatory area in some ***,this study emphasizes the need to improve environmental hygiene and enhanced sanitation in these *** addition,conclusions can be drawn as to the effectiveness of the janitorial staff employed by the schools and the efficacy of the cleaning regime used in the ***,based on the findings,there are architectural design consequences as squat-style toilets might be excluded in lavatories designed for schools to be constructed in the future.

关键词： Surface bacteria Occupational health school buildings Built environment Sick building syndrome