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Water scaling predication for typical sandstone geothermal reservoirs in the Xi'an Depression

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能源地球科学(英文)

能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第4期4卷 128-138页

作者： Shuai Ma Yinke Yang Xinyan Lei Bin Yue School of Water Resources and Environment Chang'an UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region Ministry of EducationChang'an UniversityXi'anShaanxi710054China The Hydrological Station of Gansu Province LanzhouGansu730000China

The Xi'an Depression in the Guanzhong Basin of western China has been suggested to contain geothermal resources that could aid China in achieving carbon neutrality and optimizing energy structure.However,the high concentration of total dissolved solids(TDS)and scale-forming ions in geothermal water from the depression causes severe scaling problems in harvesting geothermal energy.To reduce scale-related problems,accurate identification of scale types and prediction of scaling during geothermal energy utilization are crucial.This study starts with identifying the types and trends of scaling in the study area,using index-based discriminant methods and hydrogeochemical simulation to calculate and analyze the mineral saturation index of water samples from some wellheads and of reconstructed fluid samples of geothermal reservoirs.The results indicate that the scales are mostly calcium carbonate scales rather than sulfate scales as a result of temperature changes.Several portions of the geothermal water systems are found to have distinct mineral scaling components.Quartz and chalcedony are formed in low temperature areas,while carbonate minerals are in high temperature areas.Despite the low iron content of geothermal water samples from the study area,scaling is very common due to scaling-prone iron minerals.The findings can be used to evaluate geothermal drainage systems and guide anti-scaling during geothermal energy utilization in similar settings.

关键词： Xi'an Depression Geothermal water Sandstone scaling Hydrogeochemical modeling

The Statistical Origin of Constituent-Quark scaling in QGP Hadronization

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第3期30卷 36-39页

作者：唐泽波易立阮丽娟邵明李澄陈宏芳 Bedanga Mohanty 许长补 Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Department of Physics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907U.S.A. Physics Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNew York 11973U.S.A. School of Physical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and ResearchBhubaneswar 751005India

Nonextensive statistics in a blast-wave model is implemented to describe the identified hadron production in relativistic p+p and nucleus-nucleus collisions.Incorporating the core and corona components within the TBW formalism allows us to describe simultaneously some of the major observations in hadronic observables at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider(RHIC):the amount of constituent quark scaling(NCQ),the large radial and elliptic flow,the effect of gluon saturation,and the suppression of hadron production at high transverse momentum(p_(T))due to jet quenching.In this formalism,the NCQ scaling at the RHIC appears as a consequence of a non-equilibrium process.Our study also provides concise reference distributions with a leastχ^(2) fit of the available experimental data for future experiments and models.

关键词： process. scaling consequence

scaling effect of breakthrough character in porous media

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第10期46卷 878-880页

作者： Xuejiao Hu Jianhua Du Xiang Liu Buxuan Wang Tsing Hua Univ Dept Thermal Engn Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Breakthrough phenomenon during fluids percolating through wet saturated porous layer is widely met in the study of heat and mass transfer in porous media. Breakthrough pressure (BP) is a characteristic pressure that indicates the intrinsic properties of seepage within porous media. Measuring results of BP for saturated narrow-sieved sand are reported here. The curve of BP varying with the height of porous layer was obtained. Experiment and analysis indicate that BP is independent of the height of particle packed layer if thick enough; however, when the height is less than a certain critical value, BP diminishes with the decrease of the height according to a universal scaling law.

关键词： breakthrough pressure porous media percolation boiling enhanced porous surface scaling law.

Experimental study of scaling properties and roughing mechanisms in C_(60)- Ag thin films

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Science China Mathematics 1998年第9期41卷 995-1001页

作者：侯建国王衍朱晓光王海千夏锐 Structure Research Laboratory and Advanced Research Institute University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Hefei Solid State Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China

Surface morphologies and microstructures of C 60 /Ag composite films were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface roughness depended on the substrate temperature, and the transition of surface morphology of rough→smooth→rough was observed when the substrate temperature increased from -50 to 120℃. Although the rms values are similar, the scaling properties of the thermal roughing and the kinetic roughing surfaces are quite different. The relations between the scaling properties, microstructures and roughing mechanisms are discussed based on the AFM and TEM results.

关键词： thin film surface roughness scaling property.

Lack of Evidence for 3/4 scaling of Metabolism in Terrestrial Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第10期47卷 1173-1183页

作者： Hai-Tao LI Xing-Guo HAN Jian-Guo WU Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Faculty of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Science School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-4501 USA

scaling, as the translation of information across spatial, temporal, and organizational scales, is essential to predictions and understanding in all sciences and has become a central issue in ecology. A large body of theoretical and empirical evidence concerning allometric scaling in terrestrial individual plants and plant communities has been constructed around the fractal volume-filling theory of West, Brown, and Enquist （the WBE model）. One of the most thought-provoking findings has been that the metabolic rates of plants, like those of animals, scale with their size as a 3/4 power law. The earliest, single most-important study cited in support of the application of the WBE model to terrestrial plants claims that whole-plant resource use in terrestrial plants scales as the 3/4 power of total mass, as predicted by the WBE model. However, in the present study we show that empirical data actually do not support such a claim. More recent studies cited as evidence for 3/4 scaling also suffer from several statistical and data-related problems. Using a forest biomass dataset including 1 266 plots of 17 main forest types across China, we explored the scaling exponents between tree productivity and tree mass and found no universal value across forest stands. We conclude that there is not sufficient evidence to support the existence of a single constant scaling exponent for the metabolism-biomass relationship for terrestrial plants.

关键词： metabolism 3/4 power scaling terrestrial plants water use.

On scaling invariance and type-Ⅰ singularities for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第11期62卷 2271-2286页

作者： Zhen Lei Zhouping Xin School of Mathematical Sciences LMNS and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Contemporary Applied MathematicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China The Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Department of Mathematics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

We find a new scaling invariance of the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Then it is shown that type-Ⅰ singularities of solutions with■ can never happen at time T for all adiabatic number γ 1. Here κ > 0 does not depend on the initial data.This is achieved by proving the regularity of solutions under■ This new scaling invariance also motivates us to construct an explicit type-Ⅱ blowup solution for γ > 1.

关键词： type-Ⅰ singularity compressible Navier-Stokes equations scaling invariance blowup rate

Exploring landslide erosion volume-area scaling relationships by slip depth using changes in DTMs for basin sediment volume estimation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第3期16卷 581-594页

作者： CHEN Su-chin CHEN Chien-yuan HUANG Wen-yan Innovation and Development Centre of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA) Department of Soil and Water ConservationNational Chung-Hsing University Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering National Chiayi University

Landslides produce large quantities of sediment deposits and reduce reservoir life. This study investigated landslides at the Shihmen Reservoir basin in Taiwan that were induced by Typhoon Sinlaku and Typhoon Jangmi in 2008. We formulate scaling relationships between landslide erosion volume and area and conclude that sediment budget can be estimated based on the easier-todetermine landslide erosion area. The methodologies applied for the investigation were geomorphological analysis through 5 m × 5 m digital terrain models(DTMs) of the basin created before and after the landslide events and spatial analysis through a geographic information system. The erosion area and volume of landslides were measured through the subtraction of DTMs produced before and after the events. Statistical analysis revealed that the landslide erosion frequency–magnitude distribution exhibited power-law behaviors with a scaling exponent of 2.15 for the frequency–area distribution and 1.66 for the frequency–volume distribution. This paper proposes different scaling relationships for different moving depths, and landslide erosion volumes were estimated on the basis of depth; thus, landslides of different scales can be distinguished to avoid errors in volume estimation. Two different scaling exponents are proposed: 1.21 for landslide erosions with depths of less than 2 m and 1.01 for landslide erosions with depths of more than 2 m. The proposed scaling relationships are practical for landslide erosion volume estimation by different depths according to the landslide area, and they can provide preliminary results for sediment budget planning in a reservoir basin.

关键词： Landslide Volume-area scaling relationship Power-law Self-similarity GIS Landslide frequency-area distribution

Breakdown of scaling in Aggregation-Fragmentation- Annihilation Process of n-Species Systems

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2002年第8期38卷 235-242页

作者： KE Jian-Hong LIN Zhen-Quan Department of Physics and Electronic Information Science Wenzhou Normal College Wenzhou 325027 China Department of Physics and Electronic Information Science Wenzhou Normal College Wenzhou 325027 China

The kinetic behaviors of aggregation-fragmentation-annihilation processes of three n-species systems arestudied in this paper. Aggregation reaction occurs only between the same species but irreversible annihilation reactionoccurs between two different species, and meanwhile the fragmentation reaction coexists. Based on the mean-field theory,we investigate the rate equations of the processes and obtain the asymptotic descriptions of the cluster-mass distributionsfor the symmetrical cases. We find that the fragmentation reaction may lead to the complete breakdown of the standardscaling description for the cluster-mass distribution of each species contrast to the scaling behavior of aggregation-annihilation processes without fragmentation.In our joint annihilation model, we also observe that the kinetic behaviorsof distinct species are quite complicated for the case with different initial concentrations. The cluster-mass distributionof heavy species with the largest initial concentration possesses peculiar scaling properties, while that of light species hasnot scaling behavior.

关键词： kinetic behavior, aggregation-fragmentation-annihilation process, scaling law, rate equation

Seismic damage zone and width-throw scaling along the strike-slip faults in the Ordovician carbonates in the Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2019年第4期16卷 752-762页

作者： De-Bo Ma Guang-Hui Wu Nicola Scarselli Xin-Sheng Luo Jian-Fa Han Zhi-Yong Chen School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China Fault Dynamics Research Group Department of Earth SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEgham TW20 0EXUK PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla 841000XinjiangChina

Understanding the scaling relation of damage zone width with displacement of faults is important for predicting subsurface faulting mechanisms and fluid flow processes. The understanding of this scaling relationship is influenced by the accuracy of the methods and types of data utilized to investigate faults. In this study, seismic reflection data are used to investigate the throw and damage zone width of five strike-slip faults a ecting Ordovician carbonates of the Tarim intracraton basin,NW China. The results indicate that fault slips with a throw less than 200 m had formed wide damage zones up to 3000 m in width. Also, damage zone width is found to have both a positive correlation and a power-law relation with throw of two orders of magnitude, with a ratio of these values varying in a range of 2–15. The relationship between throw and damage zone width is not a simple power-law and changes its slope from small to larger size faults. The results indicate that throw scales well with damage zone width for the studied faults, and hence these can be used to predict fault geometries in the Tarim Basin. The study of the wide carbonate damage zones presented here provides new insights into scaling of large-size faults, which involve multiple faulting stages.

关键词： Fault damage zone Carbonate Throw scaling Evolution Tarim Basin