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Dietary saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid oppositely affect hepatic NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome through regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第8期22卷 2533-2544页

作者： Yong-heng Sui Wen-jing Luo Qin-Yu Xu jing hua Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease

AIM: To investigate the effect of different dietary fatty acids on hepatic inflammasome ***: Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high-fat diet or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched diet. Primary hepatocytes were treated with either saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or PUFAs as well as combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The activity of Caspase-1 and interleukine-1β production were ***: High-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis was sufficient to induce and activate hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome. SFA palmitic acid (PA) directly activated NLRP3 inflammasome and increased sensitization to LPS-induced inflammasome activation in hepatocytes. In contrast, PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had the potential to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome expression in hepatocytes and partly abolished LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, a high-fat diet increased but PUFA-enriched diet decreased sensitization to LPS-induced hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Moreover, PA increased but DHA decreased phosphorylated NF-κB p65 protein expression in ***: Hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation played an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dietary SFAs and PUFAs oppositely regulated the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome through direct activation or inhibition of NF-κB.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome saturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Nuclear factor-kappa B

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Coconut oil:what do we really know about it so far?

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第2期3卷 61-72页

作者： Renan da Silva Lima Jane Mara Block Department of Food Science and Technology Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil

In recent years,coconut oil has emerged as a potential‘miracle’*** media vehicles and health specialists assure that this fat is capable of promoting health benefits,such as weight reduction,cholesterol lowering,prevention of cardiovascular diseases,and anti-inflammatory effect,among *** claims are used to market the product and boost its sales by coconut oil ***,governmental regulatory agencies in many countries are still sceptical about the benefits obtained by the consumption of coconut oil due to its high-saturated fatty acid *** light of such controversy,this review focused on analysing the published literature on the alleged health claims,in order to investigate if there is enough scientific evidence to support *** was verified that the metabolism of lauric acid,the major fatty acid in coconut oil,remains *** studies reported that the product was not efficient in weight ***,it has been reported that the consumption of coconut oil increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,consequently increasing the risk of cardiovascular *** general,the studies present conflicting results and there is a lack of long-term human-based clinical ***,as a saturated fat,coconut oil should be consumed with moderation and the health allegations should not be used to market the product,once they are not scientifically proven so far.

关键词： lauric acid saturated fatty acids medium-chain triglycerides LDL cholesterol cardiovascular diseases

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saturated fatty Acid Induces Insulin Resistance Partially Through Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain 1 Signaling Pathway in Adipocytes

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2013年第4期28卷 211-217页

作者： Yi-jun Zhou Yin-si Tang Yu-ling Song Ai Li Hui Zhou Yan Li Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University

Objective To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 （NOD1）, a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Methods Adipocytes from Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency mice were used for stimulation experiments. The effect of oleate/palmitate mixture on nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） activation was analyzed by reporter plasmid assay. The release of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production was determined by using real-time PCR. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[SH] glucose uptake assay. Chemokine/cytokine expression and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA （siRNA） targeting NOD 1 upon fatty acids treatment were analyzed. Results Oleate/palmitate mixture activated the NF-κB pathway and induced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-R, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions in adipocytes from mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4, and these effects were blocked by siRNA targeting NOD1. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids decreased the ability of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, siRNA targeting NOD 1 partially reversed saturated fatty acid-induced suppression of insulin-induced glucose uptake. Conclusion NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.

关键词： nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 saturated fatty acids innate immunity insulin resistance

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Food for Thought: Have We Been Giving the Wrong Dietary Advice?

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 240-244页

作者： Zoe Harcombe Julien S.Baker Bruce Davies Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the West of ScotlandHamiltonUK University of Glamorgan PontypriddUK

Background: Since 1984 UK citizens have been advised to reduce total dietary fat intake to 30% of total energy and saturated fat intake to 10%. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence [NICE] suggests a further benefit for Coronary Heart Disease [CHD] prevention by reducing saturated fat [SFA] intake to 6% - 7% of total energy and that 30,000 lives could be saved by replacing SFAs with Polyunsaturated fats [PUFAs]. Methods: 20 volumes of the Seven Countries Study, the seminal work behind the 1984 nutritional guidelines, were assessed. The evidence upon which the NICE guidance was based was reviewed. Nutritional facts about fat and the UK intake of fat are presented and the impact of macronutrient confusion on public health dietary advice is discussed. Findings: The Seven Countries study classified processed foods, primarily carbohydrates, as saturated fats. The UK government and NICE do the same, listing biscuits, cakes, pastries and savoury snacks as saturated fats. Processed foods should be the target of public health advice but not natural fats, in which the UK diet is deficient. With reference to the macro and micro nutrient composition of meat, fish, eggs, and dairy foods the article demonstrates that dietary trials cannot change one type of fat for another in a controlled study. Interpretation: The evidence suggests that processed food is strongly associated with the increase in obesity, diabetes, CHD, and other modern illness in our society. The macro and micro nutrients found in meat, fish, eggs and dairy products, are vital for human health and consumption of these nutritious foods should be encouraged.

关键词： Cardiovascular Disease Obesity fatty acids saturated fatty acids Monounsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Dietary Fats Dietary Carbohydrates Epidemiology

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Plasma metabolome reveals the associations of dietary fats with risk of metabolic syndrome

Plasma metabolome reveals the associations of dietary fats w...

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中国营养学会第十五届全国营养科学大会

作者： Hongbo Shi Xuzhi Wan Sunan Gao Pan Zhuang Yu Zhang Jingjing Jiao Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Zhejiang University

Metabolic syndrome(MetS) refers to a constellation of hypertension, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high blood pressure, obesity, and dyslipidemia that elevate the morbidities of cardiovascular disease(CVD) and type 2 diabetes(T2D), causing increased mortality. The quality of dietary fat plays a critical role in the prevention and management of MetS. Typically, polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs) consumption has been favorably associated with the risk of MetS while saturated fatty acids(SFAs) may adversely affect the development of MetS. Dietary fats may contribute to Mets risk through modulation of metabolic pathways and homeostasis. Therefore, analysis of metabolic responses to dietary fats may help elucidate the mechanisms of the fat-MetS associations. However, whether metabolomic variations for dietary fat consumption are associated with the risk of Mets remains *** article is to investigate whether the metabolic signature consisting of plasma metabolites can be used to characterize the metabolic response to dietary fatty acids and whether this metabolic signature is related to metabolic syndrome risk. Methods A total of 269 participants aged between 45-75 y were included in this casecontrol study. Of those, 164 participants were diagnosed with MetS while 105 were healthy controls. All the eligible participants were recruited with written informed consent and were required to complete a series of questionnaires, take various physical examinations, and provide blood and urine samples. Dietary data were recorded by a validated food frequency questionnaire(FFQ). The Chinese Food Composition Tables were used to calculate the intake of dietary fats based on food intake data from the FFQ. The ascertainment of MetS was based on Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans of National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP/ATPIII). Individuals who met three or more of the following five characteristics were ascertained as MetS patients:(1) systolic blood

关键词： Dietary fats saturated fatty acids monosaturated fatty acids polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolic syndrome plasma metabolome

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Lipid Metabolic Profile Interrelationships between the Silkworm(Bombyx mori L.)and Its Host Plant(Morus)Varieties

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2009年第6期10卷 128-134页

作者： Y.Srinivasa Reddy Firdose Ahmad Malik S.S.Mamatha G.Venkateswaran 迈索尔大学蚕业科学系中央食品和技术研究院(CFTRI)食品微生物系印度迈索尔570020

The lipid content and composition in tender, medium and coarse leaves of 3 mulberry varieties were analyzed. Tender leaf contained more lipid than medium and coarse leaves. fatty acid composition of lipids also varied with leaf maturity. Tender leaf contained more precursor fatty acids, medium leaf more unsaturated fatty acids and coarse leaf more saturated fatty acids. V-1 mulberry variety had more foliar lipid con- tent than S-36 and M-5. Lipid composition also varied among the 3 mulberry varieties. V-1 and S-36 leaves contained more unsaturated fatty acids and M-5 more saturated fatty acids. V instar silkworm was fed with the medium leaf of the 3 mulberry varieties, and the total lipid content and fatty acid composition of the haemolymph, fatbody and excreta were analyzed. Lauric acid （12：0）, undetectable in the haemolymph, was recovered in significant quantity in the excreta. saturated fatty acids （16：0 and 18：0） were higher in the haemolymph of larvae fed on M-5 while unsaturated fatty acids （18：2 and 18：3） were higher in those fed on S-36 and V-1 leaves. But, the percentage levels of 18：1 and 18：2 fatty acids in the leaf and haemolymph were swapped. While the leaf of M-5 mulberry variety had 18：1 and 18：2 fatty acid components at 1.93% and 16.8%, the larvae feeding on the leaf had 18：1 and 18：2 at 21.5% and 6.95% in the haemolymph. Similar correction in the percentages of the two unsaturated fatty acids was observed in the larvae feeding on the leaves of S-36 and V-1. Saturation of co -6 double bond of linoleic acid by a reductase in the lower end of the midgut was proposed.

关键词： Mulberry leaves Bombyx moil saturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids

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