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Induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells by the alkaloid extract of garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.)

Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第3期17卷 221-228页

作者： Shriniwas S.Basaiyye Sanjay Kashyap Kannan Krishnamurthi Saravanadevi Sivanesan Environmental Health Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Analytical Instrument Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

Objective: Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.) is an important herb in traditional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men. In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to destroy leukemic cancer(Jurkat E6-1) cells, using the alkaloid extract of this plant.Methods: Constituents of the alkaloid extract were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) and their cytotoxicity in leukemic cancer cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was assessed. Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering, caspase-3 activity,annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and mitochondrial toxicity assays. The specific course of gene activation in treated cells was determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results: GC–MS analysis identified six alkaloids and proto-alkaloids, namely, benzyl isothiocyanate(1),2-ethoxy-4 H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one(2),(4 R)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-4-phenyloxazoline(3), 5-acetyl-1,2-di hydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile(4), benzo[b][1,8]-naphthyridin-5(10 H)-on e,2,4,7-trimethyl(5) and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone(6), in the alkaloid extract of L. sativum. Of these,compound 1 was previously identified in the seeds of L. sativum. Exposure to the alkaloid extract caused death of Jurkat E6-1 cells, with median lethal concentration(LC50) of 75.25 mg/mL. However, the alkaloid extract also showed a nontoxic and proliferative(1.6-fold) effect in healthy PBMCs. Further experiments performed with Jurkat cells at LC50 and sub-LC50 doses demonstrated DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3 and time-dependant phosphatidylserine translocation(apoptosis) from inner to outer cell membranes. Cell toxicity and assessment of adenosine triphosphate level, together with using qPCR to evaluate expression profile of major apoptosis genes, revealed that apoptosis may be induced by disruption in the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in Jurkat cells.

关键词： Lepidium sativum Benzyl isothiocyanate Apoptosis Peripheral blood mononuclear cell Mitochondrial toxicity

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Insecticidal,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of Allium sativum

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第5期5卷 391-395页

作者： Balaji Meriga Ramgopal Mopuri T.MuraliKrishna Department of Biochemistry Sri Venkateswara UniversityTirupati-517501.India Department of Entomology Regional Agricultural Research StationTirupatiIndia

Objective:To evaluate the insecticidal,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of Allium sativum(A.sativum).Methods:Dried bulbs of A.sativum were extracted with different solvents and evaluated for insecticidal,antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.Results: Aqueous and methanol extracts showed highest insecticidal activity(mortality rate of 81%and 64%respectively) against the larvae of Spodoptera litura(S.litura) at a concentration of 1000 ppm.With regard to antimicrobial activity,aqueous extract exhibited antibacterial activity against gram positive(Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureu,) and gram negative(Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) strains and antifungal activity against Candida albicans.While methanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against all the tested micro organisms except two(Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans),the extracts of hexane,chloroform and ethyl acetate did not show any anti microbial activity.Minimum inhibitory concentration of aqueous and methanol extracts against tested bacterial and fungal strains was 100-150μg/mL. Antioxidant activity of the bulb extracts was evaluated in terms of inhibition of free radicals by 2.2’-diphenly-l-picrylhydrazyl.Aqueous and methanol extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity(80%-90%of the standard).Conclusions:Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of A.sativum against the tested organisms therefore,provides scientific basis for its utilization in traditional and folk medicine.Also,our results demonstrated the insecticidal efficacy of A. sativum against S.litura,a polyphagous insect.

关键词： Allium sativum Insecticidal activity Antimicrobial activity Antioxidant property

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Heterogeneity in photosystem Ⅰfrom Pisum sativum L.

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第1期44卷 58-62页

作者： Zheng, CX Gao, RF Beijing Forestry Univ Coll Plant Biol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Studies have demonstrated that there are two types of PSI (PSI-1 and PSI-2) particles in some higher plants. These two types of PSI particles are proved to differ in organization and distribution on thylakoid membrane... 详细信息

关键词： Pisum sativum L. photosystem I (PS I ) chlorophyll protein complexes polypeptide composition heterogeneity in photosystem I .

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Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 597-601页

作者： Ponmurugan Karuppiah Shyamkumar Rajaram Department of Microbiology K.S.Rangasamy College of Arts and Science Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies Department of Botany and MicrobiologyCollege of ScienceKing Saud University

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial properties ot Allium sativum(garlic) cloves and Zingiber officinale(ginger) rhizomes against multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection.Methods:The cloves of garlic and rhizomes of ginger were extracted with 95%(v/v) ethanol.The ethanolic extracts were subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test against clinical pathogens.Results:Anti-bacterial potentials of the extracts of two crude garlic cloves and ginger rhizomes were tested against five gram negative and two gram positive multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates.All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to crude extracts of both plants extracts.Except Enterobacter sp.and Klebsiella sp.,all other isolates were susceptible when subjected to ethanolic extracts of garlic and ginger.The highest inhibition zone was observed with garlic(19.4S mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa).The minimal inhibitory concentration was as low as 67.00 μg/mL against P.aeruginosa.Conclusions:Natural spices of garlic and ginger possess effective anti-bacterial activity against multi-drug clinical pathogens and can be used for prevention of drug resistant microbial diseases and further evaluation is necessary.

关键词： Garlic Ginger Multi-drug resistant Multiple antibiotic resistance Antibacterial activity Allium sativum Zingiber officinale

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Coriander(Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: chemistry and biological activity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第6期5卷 421-428页

作者： Shyamapada Mandal Manisha Mandal Laboratory of Microbiology and Experimental Medicine Department of ZoologyUniversity of Gour Banga Department of Physiology MGM Medical College and LSK Hospital

Coriandrum sativum L.(C. sativum) is one of the most useful essential oil bearing spices as well as medicinal plants, belonging to the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. The leaves and seeds of the plant are widely used in folk medicine in addition to its use as a seasoning in food preparation. The C. sativum essential oil and extracts possess promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidative activities as various chemical components in dif erent parts of the plant, which thus play a great role in maintaining the shelf-life of foods by preventing their spoilage. This edible plant is non-toxic to humans, and the C. sativum essential oil is thus used in dif erent ways, viz., in foods(like l avoring and preservatives) and in pharmaceutical products(therapeutic action) as well as in perfumes(fragancias and lotions). The current updates on the usefulness of the plant C. sativum are due to scientii c research published in dif erent web-based journals.

关键词： Coriandrum sativum essential oil Coriander chemistry Antibacterial activity Antifungal activity Antioxidant activity Food spoila

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Studies on the mitotic chromosome scaffold of Allium sativum

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Cell Research 1995年第2期5卷 155-164页

作者： ZHAO JIAN SHAOBO JIN MIAo XING SHUI HAO(Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.)(Present Address: Institute of Hematology, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin 150010, China.) Institute of Genetics and Cytology Northeast Normal University Changchun China Institute of Hematology Harbin First Hospital Harbin China

An argentophilic structure is present in the metaphase chromosomes of garlic (Allium sativum). Cytochemical studies indicate that the main component of the structure is non-histone proteins (NHPs). The results of light and electron microscopic observations reveal that the chromosme NHP scaffold is a network which is composed of fibres and granules and distributed throughout the chromosomes. In the NHP network, there are many condensed regions that are connected by relatively looser regions. The distribution of the condensed regions varies in individual chromosomes. In some of the chromosomes the condensed regions are longitudinally situated in the central part of a chromatid while in others these regions appear as coillike transverse bands. At early metaphase, scaffolds of the sister chromatids of a chromosome are linked to each other in the centromeric region, meanwhile, they are connected by scafold materials along the whole length of the chromosome. At late metaphase, however, the connective scaffold materials between the two sister chromatids disappear gradually and the chromatids begin to separate from one another at their ends, but the Chromatids are linked.together in the centromeric region until anaphase. This connection seems to be related to the special structure of the NHP scaffold formed in the centromeric region. The morphological features and dynamic changes of the chromosome scaffold are discussed.

关键词： Chromosome nonhistone scaffold Allium sativum

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Effects of Lepidium sativum supplementation on growth and gonadotropins secretion in ovariectomized, estrogen-implanted rabbits

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2018年第4期7卷 155-160页

作者： Oluwatosin V.Imade Wuraola A.Erinfolami Rasheed A.Ajadi Monsuru O.Abioja Samson A.Rahman Olusiji F.Smith Oladele S.Gazal Department of Animal Physiology College of Animal Science&Livestock ProductionFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPMB 2240Ogun StateNigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine&Surgery College of Veterinary MedicineFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPMB 2240Ogun StateNigeria Department of Physiology&Pharmacology College of Veterinary MedicineFederal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPMB 2240Ogun StateNigeria Laboratory for Reproductive Research and Endocrine Analyses Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Science&EngineeringSt.Cloud State UniversitySt.CloudMinnesota 56301USA

Objective: To test the effects of dietary supplementation of Lepidium sativum (LS) seed powder on growth performance and gonadotropins secretion in ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted rabbits. Methods: Ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted Chinchilla rabbits were assigned into four experimental groups: LS seed powder was included into normal rabbit chow at 0% (control), 5% (low), 7% (mid) and 10% (high) w/w. Experimental feed and water were given ad-libitum for 3 weeks. Weekly body weights and daily feed intake of rabbits were recorded. Twenty-one days post-feeding, blood samples were collected at 15-minute interval for 3 h (PeriodⅠ) after which 2.5 μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected intravenously and the sampling continued for another hour (PeriodⅡ). Plasma was harvested and analyzed for luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by radioimmunoassay. Results: Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) increased in LS-supplemented rabbits. However, the increase in feed intake did not result in significant body weight gain. LS seed supplementation significantly (P<0.001) increased mean plasma LH dose-dependently from the low- to the mid-LS level and then decreased LH at the high-LS level. LS supplementation increased (P<0.001) plasma FSH secretion. Injection of GnRH had no effect on plasma LH, however significantly (P<0.05) decreased overall plasma FSH secretion. Conclusions: LS seed supplementation stimulates feed intake and gonadotropins secretion in rabbits. Gonadotropins effect may be mediated through LS seeds phytosterols through the activation of estrogen receptors thereby producing agonistic effects resulting in LH and FSH secretion. The differential responses of gonadotropins to GnRH in LS-supplemented rabbits suggest differential regulation of the synthesis and secretion of these gonadotropins.

关键词： Ovariectomized rabbits Lepidium sativum Growth LH FSH

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Retention of testicular integrity and testosterone levels upon ingestion of garlic cloves(Allium sativum)in the Sprague-Dawley rat

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第4期5卷 319-323页

作者： Adejoke Elizabeth Memudu Ibukun Dorcas Akinrinade Olalekan Michael Ogundele Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Bingham University Neural Systems Lab Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences Louisiana State University

Objective: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic aqueous garlic extract ingestion on testicular cellular integrity and serum testosterone levels.Methods: Twenty(20) male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing an average of 120 g were used.Animals were divided into three groups. Group A served as control(10 rats for 28 and 56 d respectively), while treatment Groups B and C were given 200 mg/kg for Allium sativum(garlic cloves) extract for 28 and 56 d respectively.Results: Histological analysis revealed the presence of all spermatogenic lineages, appearance of proliferative activities in the interstitial cells, as well as increased serum testosterone levels.Conclusions: This study confirmed proliferative and restorative potentials in both acute and chronic garlic ingestion.

关键词： Allium sativum Testis Testosterone

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Insight to the Mode of Action of Allium sativumLeaf Agglutinin (ASAL) Expressing in T3Rice Lines on Brown Planthopper

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 400-407页

作者： Arpita Bala Amit Roy Niranjana Behura Daniel Hess Sampa Das Division of Plant Biology Bose Institute Kolkata India The Protein Analysis Facility Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel The Switzerland

Brown planthopper, the sap sucking hemipteran pest, is one of the major contributors to the yield loss of rice through the world. To combat the situation researchers are interested identifying genes from plant origin having potentiality to develop hemipteran pest resistance. Interestingly, it was observed that rice plants expressing ASAL, a monocot mannose binding lectin, showed significant resistance to brown planthopper and green leafhopper. Additionally, antibiotic resistant marker gene free ASAL expressing rice lines were developed to overcome the biosafety issues. However, the basis behind the resistance against planthoppers is still not clearly understood. Ligand blot assay was performed with total BBMV protein from BPH and a ~56 kDa receptor protein was detected. LC MS/MS analysis revealed that the receptor protein is NADH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), a key player in electron transport chain, insect defense response and male/female gametogenesis. Presumably interaction of ASAL with NQO may lead to toxicity and loss of fecundity among BPH feeding on ASAL expressing transgenic rice plants. These findings provide a stable scientific basis for considering these transgenic ASAL expressing rice plants as significant product for combating BPH attack associated yield loss of rice.

关键词： Allium sativum leaf agglutinin (ASAL) Hemipteran Pest Management Brown Planthopper NADH Qui-none Oxidoreductase (NQO) Fecundity Transgenic Rice Brush Boarder Membrane Vesicle (BBMV) Protein

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Toxicological Evaluation of Dietary Garlic (Allium sativum)Powder in European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labraxJuveniles

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 989-996页

作者： Latife Ceyda Irkin Murat Yigit Sevdan Yilmaz Masashi Maita Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Turkey Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo University of Marine Sciences and Technology Course of Applied Biosciences Konan 4-5-7 Minato-ku Tokyo Japan

The effects of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) powder as a feed additive on hematological and biochemical health characteristics of European Sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles were studied. Experimental fish were fed diets supplemented with garlic powder at 0 (control), 2%, 4%, or 6% levels for a period of 60 days. Results showed that the red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (%), and mean corpuscular Hb in fish fed garlic powder diets at dietary inclusion levels of 4% and 6%, were significantly lower than the control values. Serum glucose was significantly lower in Sea bass that were fed garlic powder diets (4% and 6%) compared to the control group. Serum triglyceride and globulin levels in fish fed a 4% garlic powder diet were significantly higher than the control values, whereas these two variables in the 2% and 6% garlic treatments were similar to the control values. The cholesterol levels in the 2% and 6% treatment groups were lower than the value recorded for the control group. As a result, it is suggested that garlic powder supplementation in diets for Sea bass juveniles should not exceed 2%. The present study is the first attempt to examine the effects of dietary garlic powder on the hematological and biochemical status in Sea bass juveniles.

关键词： Dietary Garlic Allium sativum European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax Blood Biochemistry Toxicological Evaluation

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