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Effects of the sand content of muddy water content on one-dimensional vertical infiltration characteristics and dense layer formation characteristics

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 172-179页

作者： Shouxuan Kang Liangjun Fei Yun Zhong Lihua Liu State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of EducationChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002HubeiChina School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038HebeiChina

Muddy water irrigation,an effective water-saving irrigation method,has been widely used in the Yellow River Basin in China.To investigate the effect of sand content on water infiltration and dense layer formation under one-dimensional vertical infiltration of muddy water,muddy water infiltration experiments were performed in the laboratory,and five sand contents of muddy water(S=0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%)were used.Models were established to describe the relationship between the cumulative infiltration amount[I(t)]and the infiltration duration(t);the relationship among the migration distance of the wetting front(Z),S,and t;the thickness of the sedimentary layer[H(t)];and the relationship between S and t.The results revealed that I(t)and Z decreased significantly with the increase of sand contents,while H(t)increased significantly with the increase of sand contents.I(t)and Z were in the range of 7 cm and 20 cm for each treatment,respectively.The variation in I(t)with t fitted Kostiakov and Philip models,and the coefficients of determination were all greater than 0.99.With the increase in S,the infiltration coefficient gradually decreased,the infiltration index gradually increased,and the sorptivity gradually decreased.The particle composition of the sedimentary layer was similar to that of the argillaceous sediment,and the content of particles with a size of less than 2 mm in the sedimentary layer was lower than that of the argillaceous sediment.Compared with the original soil,the content of particles with a size of less than 0.05 mm and physical clay particles(diameter less than 0.01 mm)in the soil with an infiltration depth of 0-2 cm increased.The retention layer was from the topsoil to the infiltration depth of approximately 2 cm.This study can provide a scientific basis for further research on soil infiltration mechanisms under muddy water.

关键词： muddy water sand content dense layer cumulative infiltration wetting front transport deposit layer thickness

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Erosion behavior of a ship propeller material of QAl9-4 alloy

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Rare Metals 2023年第7期42卷 2390-2395页

作者： Wei-Jiu Huang Yong-Tao Zhou Zhen-Guo Wang Zhi-Kang Liao School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing400054China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China

The erosion behavior of a QA19-4 alloy as a ship propeller material was investigated.The effects of the solution,the impact angles and the sand content were considered.The test results demonstrate that the mass loss of the alloy in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution is 1.35 times that in tap water,due to the corrosive effect of Cl^(-).The mass loss of the alloy increases as the impact angle increases up to~30°and consequently decreases as the impact angle increases.Also,this feature is typical for the ductile metal behavior.At the impact angle of 0°,this feature is associated with the predominant erosion mechanisms,such as shallow plowing and surface fatigue;at 30°,this feature is micro-cutting,deep plowing and surface fatigue;and at 45°,it becomes indentation accompanied by extruded lips.The mass loss and surface roughness of the alloy increase as the sand content increases under the testing conditions.

关键词： Erosion QAl9-4 alloy Impact angle sand content Erode surface

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Soil texture affects the conversion factor of electrical conductivity from 1:5 soil-water to saturated paste extracts

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 905-915页

作者： Bo-Seong SEO Young-Jae JEONG Nu-Ri BAEK Hyun-Jin PARK Hye In YANG Se-In PARK Woo-Jung CHOI Department of Rural and Bio-systems Engineering(BK21) Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186(Republic of Korea) Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E3(Canada) Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena 07745(Germany) National Institute of Environmental Research Incheon 22689(Republic of Korea) AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186(Republic of Korea)

Electrical conductivity(EC)of soil-water extracts is commonly used to assess soil salinity.However,its conversion to the EC of saturated soil paste extracts(ECe),the standard measure of soil salinity,is currently required for practical applications.Although many regression models can be used to obtain ECe from the EC of soil-water extracts,the application of a site-specific model to different sites is not straightforward due to confounding soil factors such as soil texture.This study was conducted to develop a universal regression model to estimate a conversion factor(CF)for predicting EC_(e) from EC of soil-water extracts at a 1:5 ratio(EC_(1:5)),by employing a site-specific soil texture(i.e.,sand content).A regression model,CF=8.9105e^(0.0106sand)/1.2984(r^(2)=0.97,Psand content=10%-65%)and salinity levels(n=7,salinity=1-24 dS m^(-1)).Model performance was validated using an independent dataset and demonstrated that EC_(e) prediction using the developed model is more suitable for highly saline soils than for low saline soils.The feasibility of the regression model should be tested at other sites.Other soil factors affecting EC conversion factor also need to be explored to revise and improve the model through further studies.

关键词： coastal saline soils electrical conductivity prediction reclaimed tideland regression model sand content saturation percentage soil salinity

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Water and nitrogen transport characteristics of single-line interference infiltration under film hole irrigation with muddy water and fertilizer

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排灌机械工程学报 2022年第5期40卷 496-503页

作者： JIANG Ruirui FEI Liangjun KANG Shouxuan State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area Xi′an University of TechnologyXi′anShaanxi 710048China

Based on the experimental data,this study investigated the effect of sand content of muddy water on water and nitrogen transport characteristics of the single-line interference infiltration under film hole irrigation with muddy water and fertilizer.The relationship between the single-line interference infiltration parameters,the sand content,the wetting front movement distances,and the sand content were all established.The model of the cumulative infiltration volume of per unit film pore area,the vertical and horizontal wetting front movement distance of the free surface,and the wetting front movement distance of the interference center with sand content and infiltration time were proposed.Reveal the law of the change of soil water content and the distribution of NO_(3)^(-)-N content based on different muddy water sand content.The results indicate that at the same infiltration time,as the muddy water sand content increases,the cumulative infiltration volume per unit pore area decreases.The infiltration index of the free infiltration and the single-line interference vary little when the sand content increases,mainly are around 0.64 and 0.58.The relationship between infiltration parameters a,b and the sand content is linear function.At the same location,the more the sand content,the smaller the wetting front movement distance in free surface and the single-line interference surface,the less the NO_(3)^(-)-N content.

关键词： film hole irrigation single-line interference infiltration muddy water fertilizer sand content NO_(3)^(-)-N content

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Monitoring and predicting the soil water content in the deeper soil profile of Loess Plateau,China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第1期4卷 6-11页

作者： Aijuan Wang Baoyuan Liu Zhiqiang Wang Gang Liu Center of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Ministry of Water ResourcesFloor 10Block AGuidu International CenterNo.27Guang’anmen Nanbinhe RoadXicheng DistrictBeijing 100055PR China School of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityNo.19Xinjiekouwai StreetHaidian DistrictBeijing 100875PR China

Estimation of soil water content(SWC)in deep soil profiles is of crucial importance for strategic management of water resource for sustainable land use in arid and semi-arid zones,as well as for soil and water conservation.Soil properties have a very important effect on SWC.This study aimed to analyze the influence of soil particle size on SWC,for the first time using soil particle size to estimate SWC in deep soil profiles.SWC was measured mainly in farmland,natural grasslands and plantations of Caragana from the surface to more than 20 m depth.The same soil samples were also tested for particle size.The results show that the soil desiccation is formed in the caragana forest in 3–18 m soil layers,but almost no formation in 18–24 m layers;water content of farmland and grassland is different in all soil profiles although they are both shallow rooted plants.Correlation analysis indicated that SWC could be well predicted by clay content and the close correlation between SWC and clay content yielded a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.82 and 0.72,respectively,for farmland and grassland.After multiple regression analysis,a regression model was built using SWC,clay content and sand content data,giving R^(2)=0.66.The model provided reliable estimates of SWC profile based on textural class.This can assist in estimating water depletion by vegetation,by comparing moisture of farmland and grassland soils with that of plantation forests,and in selecting sustainable land use of arid land.

关键词： Clay content Field capacity sand content Soil water content(SWC) Soil particle size

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