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Different Approaches to Reduce Salinity in salt-affected soils and Enhancing salt Stress Tolerance in Plants

Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 830-847页

作者： Amra Bratovcic Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Faculty of Technology University of Tuzla Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina

salt stress is one of the most harmful environmental stresses in recent times and represents a significant threat to food security. Soil salinization is caused by spontaneous natural processes of mineral dissolution and human activities such as inappropriate irrigation practices. Natural geological progressions like weathering of rocks, arid climate, and higher evaporation, as well as anthropogenic activities, including the use of brackish water for irrigation, and poor tillage operations, are the foremost causes of soil salinization. Typical characteristics of saline soils are salt stress, high pH, and lack of organic carbon, as well as low availability of nutrients. Disruption of precipitation patterns as well as high average annual temperatures due to climate change additionally negatively affects the process of soil salinization. Productivity and ability to support crop growth are reduced on saline soil. Salinity-induced stress reduces plant growth by modulating the antioxidative system and nutrient orchestration. The aim of this work is to show that the mentioned problems can be alleviated in several ways such as the addition of biochar, exogenous application of several elicitors, seed priming, etc. Research has shown that the addition of biochar can significantly improve the recovery of saline soil. The addition of biochar has no significant effect on soil pH, while the cation exchange capacity of the soil increased by 17%, and the electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract decreased by 13.2% (depends on the initial salinity and the type of biochar raw material). Moreover, biochar enriched with silicon increases the resistance of bananas to salt stress. In addition, exogenous application of several elicitors helps plants to alleviate stress by inducing stress-related physicochemical and molecular changes (selenium, sulfur, silicon, salicylic acid). Finally, seed priming showed positive effects on metabolomics, proteomics and growth of plants subjec

关键词： salt-affected soils salt Stress Biochar Elicitors Seed Priming

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Features of salt－affected soils and Salinization Hazard in East Asia and Its Neighboring Regions

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Pedosphere 1995年第1期5卷 21-34页

作者： YANG JING-SONG ZHAO QI-GUO ZHU SHOU-QUAN LI LI-QUN and S. MATSU-MOTO( Instztute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica, Nanjing 210008 ( China))(Department of Agricultural Chemistcy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan))

Asia is the largest distribution area of salt-affected soils in the world. Very few countries in Asia couldescape from hazard of salinization. This paper deals with various salt-affected soils spreading in East Asiaand its neighboring regions (including China, Japan, Kampuchea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,Republic of Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Burma, Thailand and Vietnam). Principles of occurrence of salinization,and features of salt-affected soils in these regions have been studied in the present paper. Based on studieson types, features and distribution patterns of salt-affected soils, a salt-affected soil map of East Asia andits neighboring regions has been complied. Mechanism and manifestation of the salinization hazard on theregional agriculture and ecological environment, measures of preventing salinization hazard and exploitingsalt-affected soils in these regions are also discussed.

关键词： East Asia salinization hazard salt-affected soils solonchak solonetz

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salt-affected marginal lands:a solution for biochar production

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 381-390页

作者： Yang Wang Qimei Lin Zhongzhen Liu Kesi Liu Xiang Wang Jianying Shang Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangdong 510640China Department of Land Use and Engineering College of Land Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Grassland Science College of Grassland Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The literature has shown that biochar can serve as potential amendment to achieve sustainable agriculture and *** accessibility and availability of cheap feedstock are considered as important constraint factors for the widespread application of biochar in *** lands are widely distributed globally,several times larger than arable land,and hold little value for food production due to poor soil ***,these lands are suitable for growing plants,which can be used as feedstock for biochar *** salt-affected lands,as one of the main marginal lands,are particularly suitable for cultivating diverse varieties of halophytes that can be pyrolyzed into biochar,bio-gas,and *** halophyte-derived biochar is useful to produce a desirable acid soil conditioner due to its high ash and rich bases,and improves soil characteristics under extreme saline ***,syngas and bio-oil hold potential benefits as fuels and industrial raw *** study introduces an innovative management technique for marginal lands such as salt-affected land,which can provide all-round benefits in food production,land management,vegetation coverage,carbon sequestration,and climate change mitigation.

关键词： Marginal lands salt-affected soils Halophytes Biochar Soil amendment

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Impact of Salinity on Respiration and Organic Matter Dynamics in soils is More Closely Related to Osmotic Potential than to Electrical Conductivity

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 949-956页

作者： Manpreet S.MAVI Petra MARSCHNER School of Agriculture Food and Wine The Waite Research Institute The University of Adelaide Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University

Osmotic potential （OP） of soil solution may be a more appropriate parameter than electrical conductivity （EC） to evaluate the effect of salts on plant growth and soil biomass. However, this has not been examined in detail with respect to microbial activity and dissolved organic matter in soils with different texture. This study evaluated the effect of salinity and sodicity on respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics in salt-affected soils with different texture. Four non-saline and non-sodic soils differing in texture （S-4, S-13, S-24 and S-40 with 4%, 13%, 24~ and 40~~ clay, respectively） were leached using combinations of 1 mol L-1 NaC1 and 1 mol L-1 CaC12 stock solutions, resulting in EC （1：5 soil：water ratio） between 0.4 and 5.0 dS m-1 with two levels of sodicity （sodium absorption ratio （SAR）〈 3 （non-sodic） and 20 （sodic）, 1：5 soil：water ratio）. Adjusting the water content to levels optimal for microbial activity~ which differed among the soils, resulted in four ranges of OP in all the soils： from -0.06 to -0.24 （controls, without salt added）, -0.55 to -0.92, -1.25 to -1.62 and -2.77 to -3.00 Mpa. Finely ground mature wheat straw （20 g kg-1） was added to stimulate microbial activity. At a given EC, cumulative soil respiration was lower in the lighter-textured soils （S-4 and S-13） than in the heavier-textured soils （S-24 and S-40）. Cumulative soil respiration decreased with decreasing OP to a similar extent in all the soils, with a greater decrease on Day 40 than on Day 10. Cumulative soil respiration was greater at SAR ---- 20 than at SAR 〈 3 only at the OP levels between -0.62 and -1.62 MPa on Day 40. In all the soils and at both sampling times, concentrations of dissolved organic C and N were higher at the lowest OP levels （from -2.74 to -3.0 MPa） than in the controls （from -0.06 to -0.24 MPa）. Thus, OP is a better parameter than EC to evaluate the effect of salinity on dissolved organic matter and microbial activity in different textured soils.

关键词： dissolved organic C dissolved organic N salt-affected soils sodium absorption ratio soil microbial activity soil texture

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