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Man-made plutonium radioisotopes in the salt lakes of the Crimean peninsula

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 1917-1929页

作者： TERESHCHENKO Nataliya N PROSKURNIN Vladislav Yu PARASKIV Artem A. CHUZHIKOVA-PROSKURNINA Olga D. The A.O.Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sevastopol 299011Russian Federation

Investigations of ^(239+240)Pu and ^(238)Pu in the surface layer(0–5 cm) of bottom sediment in the Crimean 10 salt lakes from 4 geographical groups were carried out for the first time. The ^(239+240)Pu varied widely between regional geographical groups of lakes as well as within groups too and ranged from 11±4 to 451±43 mBq^(239+240)Pu/kg. The highest levels of ^(239+240)Pu—419±27, 443±24 and 451±43 mBq/kg were observed in the Yevpatoriya(Lake Kyzyl-Yar), the Tarkhankut(Dzharylhach) and the Kerch group(Tobechik), respectively. The lowest values of ^(239+240)Pu were identified in three lakes of the Perekop group and were 20±12, 24±6 and 48±6 mBq/kg. In all lakes ^(238)Pu was an order of magnitude lower than 239+240 Pu and varied from 4.8±2.6 to 30.7±5.5 mBq/kg. The ^(238)Pu activity was decay-corrected to 1986. The characteristic ratio of the ^(238)Pu/239+240 Pu activities in the sediment and percentage of the Chernobyl-derived Pu was calculated. The largest percentages of the Chernobyl-derived Pu were observed in the Evpatoriya group(Lake SasykSivash)—16.2%±8.26%, the Tarkhankut group(Dzharylhach)—8.4%±2.10% and the Kerch group(Aktash)—10.5%±5.56%. The study of the depth distribution of plutonium in the Lake Kyzyl-Yar bottom sediment core(0–25 cm) was fulfilled. It was shown that 239+240 Pu was high enough in all studied layers of bottom sediment, but the highest activity ratio ^(238)Pu/239+240 Pu(0.062±0.020) was found in the deepest layer of 15–20.5 cm and the percentage of Chernobyl-derived Pu was estimated at 6.8%±2.85% in this layer.

关键词： plutonium radioisotopes 238,239+240 Pu bottom sediments global fallout Chernobyl accident Crimean salt lakes

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RAPD tagging of a salt tolerant gene in rice

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第4期43卷 330-332页

作者： Ding Haiyuan Zhang Gengyun Guo Yan Chen Shaolin Chen Shouyi Chinese Acad Sci Inst Genet Plant Biotechnol Lab Beijing 100101 Peoples R China

A salt tolerant rice mutant was obtained through tissue culture. The inheritance of salt tolerance in F2 population of mutant crossed with its original variety under salt stress was studied. According to the standard, the ratio of salt tolerant: sensitive was about 3:1 suggesting that there was a major gene related to salt tolerance in the mutant. By RAPD analysis with 220 10mer primers, the gene was tagged by a 1.0 kb DNA fragment named OPS1210 which was located on chromosome 7. The genetic distance between the major salt tolerant gene was 16.4 cm.

关键词： rice salt tolerant mutant line RAPD molecular marker.

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salt-adaptive mechanisms of K^+-channel in plasma membrane of tobacco callus

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1996年第13期41卷 1124-1131页

作者：李乐攻殷奎德颜季琼汤章城 Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

One of the detrimental effects of high salmity on plant cells is considered to be the result of an ion imbalance, particularly a high ratio of Na^+ to K^+ ions, in the cytoplasm. Such an imbalance is probably due to a great increase of entry of Na^+ ions into cells and a decline in absorption of K^+ ions under high-salinity conditions. Thus, plant cells

关键词： planar lipid bilayers plasma membrane salt adaptation K+-channel.

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Heterogeneous reactions of gaseous methanesulfonic acid with NaCl and sea salt particles

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第1期52卷 93-100页

作者： TANG MingJin ZHU Tong College of Environment Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Methanesulfonic acid(MSA) has been identified as one of the most important intermediate products of DMS reactions in the *** considerable amounts of MSA have been found in the ma-rine boundary layer,little is known about the interaction of gaseous MSA with sea salt *** understand the fate of MSA in the atmosphere and its potential importance in atmospheric chemistry,the heterogeneous reactions of gaseous MSA with micron-scale NaCl and sea salt particles were studied using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and scanning electron *** CH3SO3Na and CH3SO3-were the major products of the condensed phase of the reaction of gaseous MSA with NaCl and with sea salt *** steady-state uptake coefficient was determined to be(5.94±2.32)×10-7(1 σ) for the reaction of gaseous MSA with NaCl particles and(2.23±1.25)×10-7(1 σ) for the reaction of gaseous MSA with sea salt *** heterogeneous reaction of MSA with NaCl particles was found to be first-order for *** reaction mechanisms were discussed.

关键词： methanesulfonic acid heterogeneous reaction NaCl sea salt

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The landscape of molecular mechanisms for salt tolerance in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2018年第1期6卷 42-47页

作者： Meng Wang Guangmin Xia The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences Shandong University State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Wheat is one of the most important food crops, and its yield is seriously restricted by high salinity and other abiotic stresses. Many attempts have been made to elucidate the major physiological processes associated with salt tolerance and to identify the genes controlling the processes. In this review, the major role of high-affinity potassium transporter(HKT)genes in enhancing the salt tolerance of wheat is summarized. The link between maintenance of reactive oxygen species(ROS) homeostasis and salt tolerance through a comprehensive study of a wheat introgression line is examined, and the contribution of a set of genes involved in this process is depicted. New research strategies to uncover the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in wheat based on recent advances in omics will be discussed.

关键词： Ionic and ROS homeostasis Molecular breeding salt tolerance Triticum aestivum

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Preliminary neutron study of a thorium-based molten salt energy amplifier

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第4期31卷 106-117页

作者： Pu Yang Zuo-Kang Lin Wei-shi Wan Gui-Feng Zhu Xiao-Han Yu Zhi-Min Dai Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210China

Present designs for molten salt thermal reactors require complex online processing systems, which are technologically challenging, while an accelerator-driven subcritical molten salt system can operate without an online processing system, simplifying the design. Previous designs of accelerator-driven subcritical systems usually required very high-power proton accelerators(>10MW).In this research, a proton accelerator is used to drive a thorium-based molten salt fast energy amplifier(TMSFEA)that improves the neutron efficiency of the system. The research results show that TMSFEA can achieve a longterm stable state for more than 30 years with a rated power of 300 MW and a stabilizing effective multiplication factor(k(eff)) without any online processing. In this study, a physical design of an integrated molten salt energy amplifier with an initial energy gain of 117 was accomplished. According to the burn-up calculation, a molten salt energy amplifier with the rated power of 300 MW(th) should be able to operate continuously for nearly 40 years using a 1 Ge V proton beam below 4 m A during the lifetime. By the end of the life cycle, the energy gain can still reach 76,and^(233) U contributes 70.9% of the total fission rate, which indicates the efficient utilization of the thorium fuel.

关键词： Molten salt Energy amplifier Energy gain Conversion ratio Beam intensity

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Maize ABP2 enhances tolerance to drought and salt stress in transgenic Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第11期17卷 2379-2393页

作者： ZONG Na LI Xing-juan WANG Lei WANG Ying WEN Hong-tao LI Ling ZHANG Xia FAN Yun-liu ZHAO Jun National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Faculty of Maize Functional Genomics Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development/College of Life Science South China Normal University

Abiotic stresses, especially drought and salt, severely affect maize production, which is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Breeding stress-tolerant maize through biotechnology is urgently needed to maintain maize production. Therefore, it is important to identify new genes that can enhance both drought and salt stress tolerance for molecular breeding. In this study, we identified a maize ABA （abscisic acid）-responsive element （ABRE） binding protein from a 17-day post-pollination （dpp） maize embryo cDNA library by yeast one-hybrid screen using the ABRE2 sequence of the maize Cat1 gene as bait. This protein, designated, ABRE binding protein 2 （ABP2）, belongs to the bZIP transcription factor family. Endogenous expression of ABP2 in maize can be detected in different tissues at various development stages, and can be induced by drought, salt, reactive oxygen species （ROS）-generating agents, and ABA treatment. Constitutive expression of ABP2 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, and increased sensitivity to ABA. In exploring the mechanism by which ABP2 can stimulate abiotic stress tolerance, we found that ROS levels were reduced and expression of stress-responsive and carbon metabolism-related genes was enhanced by constitutive ABP2 expression in transgenic plants. In Short, we identified a maize bZIP transcription factor which can enhance both drought and salt tolerance of plants.

关键词： ABP2 maize transcription factor drought salt transgenic Arabidopsis

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Derivation of salt content in salinized soil from hyperspectral reflectance data: A case study at Minqin Oasis, Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 111-122页

作者： QIAN Tana Atsushi TSUNEKAWA PENG Fei Tsugiyuki MASUNAGA WANG Tao LI Rui Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Life and Environmental Science Shimane University Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of Sciences

Soil salinization is a serious ecological and environmental problem because it adversely affects sustainable development worldwide, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. It is crucial and urgent that advanced technologies are used to efficiently and accurately assess the status of salinization processes. Case studies to determine the relations between particular types of salinization and their spectral reflectances are essential because of the distinctive characteristics of the reflectance spectra of particular salts. During April 2015 we collected surface soil samples(0–10 cm depth) at 64 field sites in the downstream area of Minqin Oasis in Northwest China, an area that is undergoing serious salinization. We developed a linear model for determination of salt content in soil from hyperspectral data as follows. First, we undertook chemical analysis of the soil samples to determine their soluble salt contents. We then measured the reflectance spectra of the soil samples, which we post-processed using a continuum-removed reflectance algorithm to enhance the absorption features and better discriminate subtle differences in spectral features. We applied a normalized difference salinity index to the continuum-removed hyperspectral data to obtain all possible waveband pairs. Correlation of the indices obtained for all of the waveband pairs with the wavebands corresponding to measured soil salinities showed that two wavebands centred at wavelengths of 1358 and 2382 nm had the highest sensitivity to salinity. We then applied the linear regression modelling to the data from half of the soil samples to develop a soil salinity index for the relationships between wavebands and laboratory measured soluble salt content. We used the hyperspectral data from the remaining samples to validate the model. The salt content in soil from Minqin Oasis were well produced by the model. Our results indicate that wavelengths at 1358 and 2382 nm are the optimal wavebands for monitoring the

关键词： salinity index soil salt content spectral reflectance waveband pairs arid regions

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Heterogeneous reaction of NO_2 with sea salt particles

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2652-2656页

作者： YE ChunXiang 1,LI HongJun 1,ZHU Tong 1,SHANG Jing 1,ZHANG ZeFeng 1,2 & ZHAO DeFeng 1 1 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2 College of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China 1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. College of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

To understand how NO2 reacts with sea salt particles in the atmosphere of Mega-cities in coastal zones,the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of wet sea salt was investigated with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatography (IC).Kinetic measurements indicated that nitrate formation on sea salt was second order in NO 2 concentration and reactive uptake coefficients were (5.51 ± 0.19) × 10-7 and 1.26 × 10-6 respectively under 0% and 20% relative humidity (RH) at NO 2 molecular concentration of 1.96 × 1015 mol/*** results showed that liquid water was formed at the site of MgCl2·6H2O,CaCl2·2H2O on the surface of sea salt and made the reaction more sustainable by releasing hydrated water and absorbing water from air even under a low RH (30%).Therefore,pure NaCl particles should not be used to represent sea salt in studies of the heterogeneous reaction with NO2.

关键词： sea salt particles diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) hydrated water absorbed water reactive uptake coefficient

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The salt Attack Performance of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Exposure to Three Kinds of Brines

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2020年第1期35卷 155-166页

作者：黄青 LI Ying CHANG Chenggong WEN Jing DONG Jinmei ZHENG Weixin A Danchun LIU Pan DONG Fei ZHOU Yuan 肖学英 Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt LakesChinese Academy of SciencesXinning 810008China Key Laboratory of salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province Xining 810008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

salt attack performance of magnesium oxychloride cement(MOC) in brine was investigated from the viewpoints of strength development and strength coefficient. Microstructure was studied using quantitative X-ray diffraction(QXRD), thermogravimetry(TG) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that MOC mortars have outstanding salt attack performance after aging brine and raw brine immersion. The salt attack coefficients of MOC mortars are higher than 0.8, which is qualified for application in saline soil and salt lake area. The reason is that salt brine solution enters into the voids of MOC and plays a role of toughening and strengthening in the MOC.

关键词： magnesium oxychloride cement salt attack performance saline soil salt lake area

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