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salt effect on the liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary (water + phenol + methyl isobutyl ketone) system: Experimental data and correlation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第1期27卷 168-173页

作者： Yun Chen Kangning Xiong Shuai Shen Huimin Wang Shaoming Zhou Libo Li Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology

The effects of NaCl, KCl and Na_2SO_4 on the liquid–liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for the ternary system, water+ phenol + methyl isobutyl ketone, were determined at 0.101 MPa and 333.15 K and 343.15 *** nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL) model was used to correlate the experimental data and to yield corresponding binary interaction parameters for these salt containing *** Hand and Othmer–Tobias equations were used to confirm the dependability of the determined LLE data in this *** coefficient and selectivity were used to evaluate the extraction performance of methyl isobutyl ketone with the existence of *** magnitude of salt effect on the water + phenol + methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK) system is in the following order: Na_2SO_4>NaCl>KCl.

关键词： Liquid-liquid equilibrium Methyl isobutyl ketone salt effect Phenol

Effect of Friedel's salt on strength enhancement of stabilized chloride saline soil

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第4期24卷 937-946页

作者： CHENG Yin LI Zhan-guo HUANG Xin BAI Xiao-hong School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology

In the field of soil stabilization, only calcium silicate hydrate(CSH) and ettringite(AFt) as hydration products have been reported to directly contribute to the strength enhancement of the soil. A chloride dredger fill, an artificial chloride saline soil, and a non-saline soil were stabilized by Portland cement(PC) and PC with Ca(OH)_2(CH) with different contents. A series of unconfined compressive strength(UCS) tests of stabilized soil specimen after curing for 7 d and 28 d were carried out, and the hydration products and microstructure of the specimens were observed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis(EDXA). The results showed that the strengths of PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils were much higher than those of PC-stabilized soils. A new hydration product of calcium aluminate chloride hydrate, also known as Friedel's salt, appeared in the PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils. The solid-phase volume of Friedel's salt expanded during the formation of the hydrate; this volume filled the pores in the stabilized soil. This pore-filling effect was the most important contribution to the significantly enhanced strength of the PC+CH-stabilized chloride saline soils. On the basis of this understanding, a new optimized stabilizer was designed according to the concept that the chloride in saline soil could be utilized as a component of the stabilizer. The strength of the chloride saline soils stabilized by the optimized stabilizer was even further increased compared with that of the PC+CH-stabilized soils.

关键词： chloride saline soil stabilized soil Friedel’s salt strength enhancement effect

Salinity elevates Cd bioaccumulation of sea rice cultured under co-exposure of cadmium and salt

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第4期126卷 602-611页

作者： Xu Yang Jiachun Li Yuze Zheng Huashou Li Rongliang Qiu School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural&Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642China

salt-tolerant rice (sea rice) is a key cultivar for increasing rice yields in salinity *** co-existence of salinity and cadmium (Cd) toxicities in the plant-soil system has become a great challenge for sustainable agriculture,especially in some estuaries and coastal ***,little information is available on the Cd accumulating features of sea rice under the co-stress of Cd and *** this work,a hydroponic experiment with combined Cd(0,0.2,0.8 mg/L Cd^(2+)) and saline (0,0.6%,and 1.2%NaCl,W/V) levels and a pot experiment were set to evaluate the Cd toxic risks of sea *** hydroponic results showed that more Cd accumulated in sea rice than that in the reported high-Cd-accumulating rice,Chang *** indicated an interesting synergistic effect between Cd and Na levels in sea rice,and the Cd level rose significantly with a concomitant increase in Na level in both shoot(r=0.54,psalt addition probably triggered the defensive ability against oxidative *** pot experiment indicated that the coexistent Cd and salinity stress further inhibited the rice growth and rice yield,and the Cd concentration in rice grain was below 0.2 mg/***,this work provides a general understanding of the co-stress of Cd and salinity on the growth and Cd accumulation of sea *** work is required to precisely identify the phytoremediation potential of sea rice in Cd-polluted saline soil.

关键词： Cadmium salt Sea rice Interaction

Experimental Study on Melting Process in an Industrial Level Molten salt Tank

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第2期29卷 457-463页

作者： LI Zhi ZHANG Qiangqiang WANG Zhifeng LI Jun Key Laboratory of Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic System of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Engineering Research Center of Solar Thermal Power Beijing 100190China

Thermal energy storage(TES) is an important part of concentrating solar power(CSP) plants. The primary advantage of TES in CSP plants is the ability to dispatch electrical output to match peak demand periods and reduce the levelized cost of electricity. The major challenge of the molten salt is its high freezing point, leading to additional complicating freeze protection. This paper presents the experimental results of melting process of a mixed nitrate salt with a melting temperature of 115℃ in a 20 m^3 industrial level tank. Twenty electrical heaters inside the tank are used to heat the salt with a total maximum input power of 240 kW. In order to ensure a safe and fast melting process, the whole process adopted an operating strategy of combining automatic control with manual control. The whole melting process lasted for 314 hours. The salt temperature showed the greatest increase in the first 38 hours. Finally, an economic operation mode of molten salt heat storage tank was obtained.

关键词： molten salt melting concentrating solar power thermal energy storage

Continuous electrodeposition of silicon and germanium micro/nanowires from their oxides precursors in molten salt

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 147-153页

作者： Xingli Zou Li Ji Zhongya Pang Qian Xu Xionggang Lu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China Center for Electrochemistry Department of ChemistryThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

In recent years,silicon(Si)and germanium(Ge)materials have been considered as promising highperformance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical *** is of great importance to design and synthesize micro/nanostructured Si and Ge *** this work,we demonstrated that Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires can be continuously synthesized from their oxides precursors through molten salt *** electrochemical synthesis processes have been investigated systematically,and the deposited Si,Ge and SiGe micro/nanowires have been characterized and *** results show that the micro/nanostructured Si and Ge materials with tunable morphology can be facilely and continuously produced via molten salt *** electrodeposition process generally includes calcium oxide-assisted dissolution and electrodeposition processes,and the morphologies of the deposited Si and Ge products can be controlled by varying *** micro/nanowires,Si films,Ge micro/nanowires,and Ge particles can be continuously synthesized in a controlled manner.

关键词： Silicon materials Germanium materials Molten salt Electrodeposition Electrochemistry

Corrosion behavior of Ce-doped Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al(wt%) inert anode in molten CaCl_2 salt

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第2期37卷 218-224页

作者： Mehdi Alzamani Kourosh Jafarzadeh Arash Fattah-alhosseini Malek Ashtar University of Technology Department of Materials Engineering Bu-Ali Sina University

In this research the effect of cerium dopingon corrosion behavior of Ni-10 Cu-11 Fe-6 Al(wt%) alloy as a novel inert anode in titanium electrolytic production was investigated. The samples, including un-doped and Ce-doped nickel-based alloys, were prepared using vacuum induction melting(VIM) process and then exposed to the electrolysis in molten calcium chloride at 900C at à1.6 V versus graphite reference electrode for different immersion time. The surface and cross-section of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and their electrochemical behavior was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results show that the un-doped samples have greater number of voids and porosities as compared to that of the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped samples(as the optimum content of cerium in the alloy). Thus, the nickel-based alloy becomes less sensitive to the pitting by addition of cerium. The corrosion penetration depth reaches about 244 mm after 16 h of electrolysis in the un-doped sample, while was approximately 103 mm for the 0.0064 wt% Ce-doped sample, which is an indication that the corrosion penetration depth decreases by adding small amounts of Ce.

关键词： Ni-10Cu-11Fe-6Al Ce doping Corrosion behavior Molten CaCl2 salt Nickel-based alloy Rare earths

In-situ synthesis of nanocrystalline TiC powders, nanorods, and nanosheets in molten salt by disproportionation reaction of Ti(Ⅱ) species

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第2期37卷 173-180页

作者： Lingxu Yang Ying Wang Ruijia Liu Huijun Liu Xue Zhang Chaoliu Zeng Chao Fu Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan523808China

A high-efficiency method is developed to in-situ synthesize nanocrystalline TiC powders,nanorods,and nanosheets by using equimolar ratio of Ti powder and acetylene black,multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs),and graphene,respectively,as precursor in eutectic Na Cl-KCl molten salt at 800–900℃for 2–3 *** temperature and longer duration are more beneficial for TiC *** addition,mechanism of TiC formation was investigated by linear scan *** indicate that nanocrystalline TiC is in-situ synthesized by reaction between Ti atoms,which come from disproportionation reaction of Ti(Ⅱ)species in the molten salt,and C atoms on the surface of carbon sources.

关键词： Titanium carbide Nanocrystalline Nanorod Nanosheet Disproportionation Molten salt

salt response of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus obliquus(Turp.)Kutz is modulated by the algal growth phase

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 802-815页

作者： Taha Mohamed EL-KATONY Magda Faiz EL-ADL Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceDamietta UniversityNew Damietta City 34517Egypt

Growth and biochemical responses of the coenobial green alga Scenedesmus obliquus to salinity stress were monitored across different phases of *** alga was cultured on BG11 growth medium and subjected to 0,30,100,and 200 mmol/L NaCl for a period of 20 d,during which algal cultures were harvested at 4-d *** salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth was accompanied with prolongation of timing of the different growth *** sharp and progressive salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth rate during the early phase of growth points to salt shock but moderation of inhibition at the subsequent stages of growth means algal acclimation to *** concentrations of chlorophylls a and b,soluble sugars,proteins as well as those of K+and Na+in the alga exhibited peaks at the initiation of the exponential phase of growth,with increasing magnitude in proportion to the increase in the level of ***,whereas soluble sugars of the alga peaked at initiation of the exponential phase,starch concentration progressively increased with culture age,reaching saturation towards the stationary *** the salinity-induced increase in soluble sugars was most evident at the early stages of growth the reverse was true for *** present results point to fast acclimation of *** to salt stress post a brief salt shock,utilizing soluble sugars,K+and Na+for osmotic *** salinity from 0 to 200 mmol/L NaCl led to progressive increase in soluble sugars,proteins,K+and Na+concentrations of the algal cells,particularly at the early stages of ***,the salinity-induced increase in chlorophyll concentration approached a limit at 100 mmol/L NaCl whereas that in starch concentration was more evident at the later stages of growth.

关键词： carbohydrates growth phase minerals protein salt stress Scenedesmus obliquus

Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource innovation via the osmotic membrane process

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 197-206页

作者： Wenchao Xue May Zaw Xiaochan An Yunxia Hu Allan Sriratana Tabucanon Department of Energy Environment and Climate ChangeSchool of EnvironmentResources and DevelopmentAsian Institute of TechnologyP.O.Box 4Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic UniversityTianjin 300387China Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom 71370Thailand

A dual“waste-to-resource”innovation in nutrient enrichment and recovery from domestic black water using a sea salt bittern(SSB)-driven forward osmosis(FO)process is proposed and *** performance of SSB as a“waste-to-resource”draw solution for FO was first evaluated.A synthetic SSB-driven FO provided a water flux of25.67±3.36 L/m2 h,which was 1.5-1.7 times compared with synthetic seawater,1 M NaCl,and 1M *** compromised performance regarding reverse solute selectivity was *** compensation,the enhanced reverse diffusion of Mg+suggested superior potential in terms of recovering nutrients in the form of struvite *** nutrient enrichment was performed using both the pre-filtered influent and effluent of a domestic septic *** 80%of phosphate-P recovery was achieved from both low-and high-strength black water at a feed volume reduction up to 80%^90%.With an elevated feed pH(~9),approximately 60%-85%enriched phosphate-P was able to be recovered in the form of precipitated *** the enrichment performance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)largely differed depending on the strength of black *** concentration factor(i.e.,3-folds)and retention(>60%)of TKN was obtained in the high-nutrient-strength black water at a feed volume reduction of 80%,in comparison with a weak TKN enrichment observed in low-strength black *** results suggested a good potential for nutrient recovery based on this dual“waste-to-resource”FO system with proper management of membrane cleaning.

关键词： Forward osmosis Sea salt bittern Black water Nutrient recovery pH