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Quality Assessment of Five (5) Brands of sachet Water Marketed in Bo City

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Natural Resources 2018年第4期9卷 110-128页

作者： Solomon K. Bona Alhaji Brima Gogra Bashiru M. Bashiru M. Koroma Chemistry Department School of Environmental Sciences Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone

This study covers some physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters needed to be tested for drinking water quality. The purpose of the research is to assess and compare the quality of five different brands of sachet water marketed in Bo city and to give relevant recommendation(s) were possible. The results obtained were compared to the standard set for each parameter by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the maximum contaminant level set by the United State Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). Five brands of sachets water were selected in Bo city and their physical and chemical parameters were evaluated in the Njala University Quality Control Laboratory (NUQCL), and their bacteriological evaluation was done in the Sierra Rutile laboratory. The physical parameters tested for were in accordance with the standards set by the WHO with the exception of the temperatures for each brand which were above the WHO standard. The pH of all the sachets water was in the acidic range, below the standard range and the maximum contaminant level set by the WHO and USEPA respectively. This affected the alkalinity of all the sachets water to be zero (0). None of the sachets water completely met the WHO standard and the USEPA maximum contaminant level for all the parameters tested for in this research. In this regard, none of the sachets water is completely recommended for drinking.

关键词： bacteriological Bo city maximum contaminant level physical and chemical parameters. sachet water water quality

Enumeration of microbial contaminants in sachet water: a public health challenge

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Health 2010年第6期2卷 582-588页

作者： Narasimhan Banu Himabindu Menakuru 不详

Accessibility and availability of fresh clean water is a key to sustainable development and essential element in health, food production and poverty reduction. In the present study, we have collected water sachet containing CM/L number and they were analysed for physical and bacteriological nature. The organisms isolated in this study were Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas vesicularis and Pseudomonas aeruginosae. The harmful effects of these isolates were evidenced by antibiotic resistance, heavy metal tolerance and antibacterial activity. They were resistant to the antibiotics like amoxiclav, methicillin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. They showed tolerance to the heavy metals at 5 mM conc. except for lead. For antibacterial activity, they were tested against human pathogens Klebsiella pnemoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Micrococcus leuteus and Salmonella paratyphium. But at the same time these organisms could be exploited for the industrial production of amylase, protease and cellulase.

关键词： sachet Water Bacterial Contaminants Pathogens Industrially Useful Bacteria

Mechanism prediction analysis of an epidemic prevention sachet in preventing new coronavirus pneumonia

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Asian Toxicology Research 2020年第2期2卷 50-60页

作者： Xin-Zhe Zhao Zi-Qi Jin Yao Yang Guo-Wei Zhang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hebei UniversityBaoding 071000China

Objective:To explore the prevention mechanism of an anti-epidemic sachet on the new coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)based on the network pharmacology and molecular docking ***:The chemical constituents and action targets of wormwood leaves,white peony,borneol,Rhizoma atracylodis,and Herba pogostemonis in the epidemic-preventive sachet were retrieved in TCMSP *** the genes of targets through the Uniprot database,and then use Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to build a medicinal drugs-active ingredients-targets(genes)network for *** we used DAVID to perform gene ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and genome encyclopedia(KEGG)pathway analysis to predict the mechanisms of *** histograms and bubble charts for visualization with Excel software and Omicshare *** crystal structure of ACE2 was searched in the RCSB PDB database,and the compounds and proteins were molecularly docked with the help of PyMOL,AutoDockTool,and Vina ***:Sixty-seven effective chemical components in the anti-epidemic sachet were screened and a drugs-chemical components-targets network was constructed to obtain 948 targets,and 18 core targets and 28 core target pathways were predicted.6 compounds in Folium artemisiae argyi,13 compounds in Radix angelicae dahuricae,3 compounds in Rhizoma atracylodis,4 compounds in Fructus tsaoko,8 compounds in Herba pogostemonis,and 3 compounds in Rhizoma acori talarinowii have less binding energy with 1R42 than the ***:It is predicted that the anti-epidemic sachet has prevention effects on new coronavirus pneumonia.

关键词： Epidemic prevention sachet New coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 Mechanisms of action Network pharmacology Molecular docking

Microbiological Examination of sachet Water Due to a Cholera Outbreak in Ibadan, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 115-120页

作者： Flora Oluwafemi Michael Ekundayo Oluwole Department of Microbiology Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Microbiology Leads City University Ibadan Nigeria

A severe outbreak of cholera in Ibadan (Oyo state, Nigeria) occurred after a devastating flood in August, 2011, causing the death of over 18 persons and several cases of hospitalization. The project aimed at screening sachet water for mi-croorganisms related to water-borne diseases. One hundred sachet water samples were randomly collected. The pH was determined using a digital pH meter. Values ranged between 6.3 - 8.7, with 28% of the samples being above the WHO approved range of 6.4 - 7.6. No residual chlorine was detected. Gram negative isolates were 80%, while 20% were Gram positive. Faecal coliforms above the recommended WHO zero coliforms per 100 mL were 30%. Escherichia coli had the highest incidence (17%), followed by Acinetobacter sp. (12%), Enterobacter aerogenes (11%), Flavobacterium sp. (11%), Proteus mirabilis (11%), Staphyloccocus aureus (10%), Bacillus subtilis (8%), Micrococcus sp. (5%), Streptococcus faecalis (2%), Klebsiella sp. (2%) and Vibrio cholerae (1%). There is urgent need for public awareness campaigns against water-borne diseases.

关键词： sachet Water Coliforms Vibrio sp. Cholera Water Borne Diseases Human Health