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Study on small ruminant lungworms and associated risk factors in northeastern Iran

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第11期5卷 853-856页

作者： Hassan Borji Mohammad Azizzadeh Mansour Ebrahimi Mohammad Asadpour Department of Pathobiology School of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran Department of clinical science School of Veterinary MedicineFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran

Objective:To determine the prevalence,identify the species involved and assess possible risk factors of lungwonn infection in small ruminant slaughtered in abattoir of Mashhad in the northeast of Iran from October 2010 -August 2011.Methods:Faecal and post mortem examination were conducted on 350 and 2 500 animals,respectively.Results:The overall prevalence of lungwonn infection was 10.85%and 3.80%in coproscopic and post mortem examination respectively,and this difference was found to be significant.Higher prevalence of lungwonn infection was recorded in post mortem examination in sheep(4.1%) than in goats (0.5%)(Prufescens and mixed infection were 3.7%,0.1%and 0.2%in sheep while in goats,the infection was reported with Dictyocaulus filaria(0.5%) only.The seasonal dynamics of lungwonn infection showed that prevalence was highest in winter(7.8%) with a remarkable decline during the dry time(summer) (0.8%) which the difference was significant(P<0.001).The animals of less than one year old showed greater infection in post mortem examination than older animals significantly(P<0.001). Also,the infection rate between male and female animals showed significant difference(P<0.05) with prevalence rate of 4.6%and 2.0%,respectively.Conclusions:Due to its impact on production, emphasis should be given for the control and prevention of lungworm infection in this area.

关键词： Dictyocaulus filaria Protostrongylus rufescens Lungworms Small ruminant Iran

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Plasma-Etching of the Organic Layer in Nacre

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Soft Nanoscience Letters 2014年第3期4卷 63-68页

作者： Kirsten Parratt Johnathan M. Yao Gerald R. Poirier Nan Yao Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University New Jersey USA

Nacre’s brick and mortar structure has been motivating innovations in biomimetic materials for decades. However, there is still room to improve understanding of the structure of the organic layer in order to engineer better biomimetic composites. A plasma-etching technique that allows for the selective removal of some organic components from individual layers is developed. We conclude that this technique enables a closer examination of the organic layer such that the locations and mechanical properties of individual components can be determined. A methodology for examining nacre samples that have not been demineralized provides a more accurate substrate for understanding the structure-property relationships of the organic layer in native nacre.

关键词： Plasma-Etching Nacre Haliotis rufescens β-Chitin AFM SEM

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