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Correlation Analysis of rubella Incidence and Meteorological Variables Based on Chinese Medicine Theory of Yunqi

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第12期25卷 911-916页

作者： ZHANG Xuan MA Shi-lei LIU Zhong-di HE Juan Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(Hong Kong) Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Study CentreSchool of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong SARChina School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing(100029)China

Objective: To analyze the correlations between the incidence of rubella and meteorological factors over the same period and previous periods including 1, 2, 3 and 4 year ago(defined according to Chinese medicine Yunqi theory of "pestilence occurring after 3 years") and establish the rubella-meteorological forecast models for Beijing area, China. Methods: Data regarding the incidence of rubella between 1990 and 2004 from Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the meteorological variables including daily average temperatures, daily average wind speeds, average precipitations, average relative humidity, average vapor pressures and average low cloud covers between 1986 and 2004 were collected from the Beijing Meteorological Observatory. Descriptive statistics and back-propagation artificial neural network for forecast model’s establishment were adopted for data analysis. Results: The average temperature and relative humidity have a great contribution(100%) to the rubella morbidity. But the combination of other meteorological factors contributed to improve the accuracy of rubella-meteorological forecast models. The forecast accuracy could be improved by 76% through utilizing a combination of meteorological variables spanning from 3 years ago to the present rather than utilizing data from a single year or dating back to more earlier time than 3 years. Conclusions: There is a close relationship between the incidence of rubella and meteorological variables in current year and previous 3 years. This finding suggests that rubella prediction would benefit from consideration to previous climate changes.

关键词： rubella meteorological factors Chinese medicine Yunqi theory pestilence occurring after 3 years

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Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella in pregnant women attending antenatal private clinic at Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第10期5卷 810-813页

作者： Laure Stella Ghoma Linguissi Bolni Marius Nagalo Cyrille Bisseye Thrse S Kagon Mahamoudou Sanou Issoufou Tao Victoire Benao Jacques Simpor Bibiane Kon Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) UFR/SVTUniversite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Departement de Biologie Universite des Sciences et Techniques de MasukuFrancevilleGabon Centre MURAZ Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine(CNTS) Ouagadougou.Burkina Faso Clinique Moussa Kone OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre Medical Saint Camille OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Objective:To evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and rubella among pregnant women at Ouagadougou in Burkina ***:All patient sera were tested for rubella and toxoplasmosis anti-IgG using commercial ELISA kits(PlateliaTMrubella IgG and Platelia? Toxo IgG).The presence of anti-rubella and anti-toxoplasmosis tgM in serum samples was tested using commercial ELISA kits Platelia rubella TgM and Platelia Toxo ***:Among all the pregnant women tested for toxoplasmosis and rubella,their prevalence were 20.3% and 77.0%,*** women in the age group of 18-25 years showed the highest frequency of anti-toxoplasmosis（34.5%） and anti-rubella IgG（84.6%）.The prevalence of anti-toxoplasma and anti-rubella IgG decreased between 2006 and 2008 from 32.7%to 12.1%and 84.6% to 65.0%,*** was no significant association between age and the mean titer of anti-toxoplasmosis IgG among pregnant ***:The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and rubella is necessary in pregnant women in Burkina Faso because of the low immunization coverage rate of rubella and the high level of exposure to these two infections which can be harmful to the newborn if contracted by women before the third trimester of pregnancy.

关键词： IgG Toxoplasma gondii rubella Seroprevalence Burkina Faso

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Progress in rubella control initiated through measles elimination strategies:the Malaysian experience

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第6期2卷 28-32页

作者： Saraswathy TS Az-Ulhusna A Nor Zahrin H Nurhasmimi Hassan Zainah S Rohani J Institute for Medical Research Jalan Pahang50588 Kuala Lumpur Surveillance Unit Disease Control DivisionMinistry of HealthMalaysia National Public Health Laboratory Sg BulohSelangor

Objective:To analyse the laboratory surveillance data from 2004 till 2008 to examine the changing trend of rubella cases in ***:Samples for this study were either received through the measles case based surveillance program or were hospital cases received for sero-diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Specific rubella IgM antibody test was carried out on all samples that were negative for measles IgM antibody and for sero-diagnosis of ***:Through the surveillance program for measles,the samples received for rubella had increased five fold from 365 in 2004 to 1 522 in *** rubella cases detected had also increased from 4.1%in 2004 to 33.2%in *** age group 11 to 20 years accounted for 73.6%of rubella cases confirmed in 2008,with a higher incidence among males than *** rubella IgM was detected in 25 CRS cases during the 6 year period between January 2003 and December ***:The measles elimination program had contributed to significant progress in the control of rubella,with the majority of rubella cases detected through this *** rubella is not notifiable in Malaysia,this integrated measles and rubella surveillance should be ***,to enhance the progress,specific targets should also be established in the national program to eliminate rubella and CRS.

关键词： rubella Congenital rubella syndrome Mump-measles-rubella(MMR) vaccination Surveillance

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Clinical Trial of Measles and rubella Combined Vaccine Produced by POLYVAC in Vietnam

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第2期8卷 178-188页

作者： Nguyen Dang Hien Nguyen Thuy Huong Ngo Thu Huong Pham Thi Phuong Thao Dinh Hong Duong Nguyen Xuan Dong Tomio Lee Takashi Ito Tetsuo Nakayama Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals (POLYVAC) Hanoi Vietnam Military Academy of Medicine Hanoi Vietnam Kitasato Vaccine Plant Kitasato Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Saitama Japan Laboratory of Viral Infection I Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Tokyo Japan

A clinical trial of measles and rubella combined vaccine (MR: MRVAC) produced by POLYVAC was conducted in Vietnam in 2016. A total of 756 subjects were enrolled, and 504 were allocated to MRVAC and 252 to control MR vaccine groups. Paired sera were obtained in 733, and the number of subjects was 403 aged 1 - 2 years, 164 aged 2 - 18 years, and 166 aged 18 - 45 years. Antibodies against measles and rubella viruses were evaluated by EIA. Most subjects had been immunized with a single dose of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) measles vaccine at 9 months of age. Only 41 of 403 subjects aged 1 - 2 years were negative for measles antibody before vaccination, and all became seroconverted. A serological response of more than a 2-fold increase against measles was noted in 214 (47%, 95% CI;42.4% - 51.6%) of 458 initially seropositive individuals immunized with MRVAC and 65 (28%, 95% CI;22.3% - 33.8%) of 234 in the control group, and geometric mean titer (GMT) after vaccination was 25.49-5.60 in MRVAC and 25.03-5.24 in control group. Seroconversion against rubella virus after immunization with MRVAC was noted in 267 (98.5%, 95% CI;97.1% - 100%) of 271 initially seronegative subjects, similar to that after immunization with control group. GMT after immunization with MRVAC was 24.88-5.11 significantly lower than that after immunization with control vaccine (25.59-5.80). Most subject ≥ 2 years of age had rubella antibody because of MR vaccination campaign and no significant serological response was observed in initially seronegatives. MRVAC was highly immunogenic and safe vaccine and the domestic production of MR vaccine would contribute to realizing the goal of eliminating measles and rubella.

关键词： Measles Vaccine rubella Vaccine MR Combined Vaccine Elimination of Measles and rubella

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Relationship between Self-Reported Vaccination History and Measles and rubella Antibody Titers in Medical and Nursing Students

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2017年第2期7卷 27-36页

作者： Masanori Ogawa Ryusuke Ae Teppei Sasahara Health Service Center Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan Division of Public Health Center for Community Medicine Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases Department of Infection and Immunity Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan

In hospitals, infection control for measles and rubella is important. Medical and nursing students as well as healthcare workers must have immunity against these diseases. Many countries have adopted requirements for healthcare workers’ documented vaccination history or laboratory tests as evidence of their immunity. Evaluating a written vaccination history is difficult in many cases. Therefore, we compared measles and rubella antibody titers with self-reported vaccination history and we evaluated the association between the history and measles and rubella antibody titers, using the medical and nursing students’ data. We analyzed 564 data for measles and 558 data for rubella. Vaccination history was requested to be completed as accurately as possible. Students with one or more measles or rubella vaccinations had high positive ratios of titer, and the ratio was significantly higher than that of the students without vaccinations. The positive ratio between the two-dose and one-dose vaccination groups was not significantly different for measles or rubella (measles: p = 0.534, rubella: p = 0.452). Although it should be requested that the history is complete by using other resources, such as referring to maternity passbooks or proof of vaccination, self-reported history may be useful to confirm immunity, even if there is a possibility that the history is not accurate.

关键词： Vaccine Measles rubella Immunity

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Serum Antibody Titers of Measles and rubella among Japanese Children

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第4期5卷 149-154页

作者： Yuichirou Tsuji Chitose Karasawa Department of Pediatrics Ikegami General Hospital Tokyo Japan

Background: The rubella outbreak in Japan has not yet been eliminated. In particular, an outbreak of congenital rubella syndrome has recently become a public health problem in Japan. The World Health Organization has set an elimination target of 2015 for measles in Japan. However, an outbreak of measles occurred in Japan between 2007 and 2008. Starting in April 2006, the measles and rubella vaccines were administered twice, once when a child reached 1 year old and once when the child was 5 - 6 years old (just before starting elementary school). Between October of 1978 and 2006, children were vaccinated only once for measles and rubella. Design: During the study enrollment period (2011-2013), the serum antibody titers of measles and rubella were measured in pediatric patients (n = 163) in the Tokyo Takanawa Hospital. Results: The prevalence rates of the two diseases indicated that only one vaccination was insufficient to protect against infection. Conclusions: Our studies have determined that it was important to vaccinate children twice for measles and rubella during early infancy.

关键词： Measles rubella Immunization Prevalence Rate Japanese Children

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Perinatal Outcome of Inadvertent Immunization with the Measles-rubella Vaccine in Pregnant Mexican Women during the Campaign for the Eradication of Congenital rubella in 2008

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World Journal of Vaccines 2011年第1期1卷 1-4页

作者： Reyna Jesus Herbas Ilse Gómez Misael Vidal Patricia Richardson Vesta Cruz Edith Cruz Edith National Center for the Health of the Childhood and the Adolescence Ministery of Health Mexico

Objective: To investigate maternal and neonatal complications resulting from inadvertent immunization against rubella-measles during the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was carried out, including a total of 1,924 pregnant women, 175 (9.1%) of which were classified as non responding to infection by the rubella virus. They underwent clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up to dismiss maternal or fetal complications and complications at the time of delivery. The infant was checked to determine demographic, anthropometric, serological and clinical features at the time of birth. Results: No women had complications during the pregnancy, including exanthematic symptoms. 174/175 newborns were studied;one pregnancy was interrupted based on non-medical arguments. The findings in terms of the analyzed patients suggest a benign evolution after inadvertently immunizing the pregnant women, which support studies with similar results. No complications during the course of the pregnancy or phenotypic alterations of the infant at the time of birth are suggested.

关键词： Congenital rubella Pregnancy Perinatal Repercussion

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Serologic survey of cytomegalovirus and rubella virus in Tabriz,Iran

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第12期 971-974页

作者： Samad Farhadi Farnaz Faraji Elnaz Babaei Hamid Reza Lotfi Nader Hajizadeh Hakimeh Rasoolian Department of Central Laboratory Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran Department of Laboratory Tabriz Children HospitalTabrizIran Young Researchers and Elite Club Ilkhchi BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIlkhchiIran Department of Biology Ahar branchIslamic Azad UniversityAharIran

Objective:To determine the prevalence of rubella and cytomegalovirus(CMV)among women in Tabriz City,Iran in ***:This study was carried out in numerous laboratories in city of *** 2013,26618 women aged 18-35 years were enrolled in this *** samples were analyzed with chemiluminescence apparatus and SPSS software was used to conduct the statistical ***:A total of 26618 individuals were examined(10598 cases for anti-CMV and 16020 cases for anti-rubella).About 98.9%and 1.1%samples were reported positive and negative for CMV immunoglobulin G(IgG),*** positivity for anti-CMV immunoglobulin M(IgM)antibody was found in 0.75%samples,while 99.25%were negative for the anti-CMV IgM ***-IgG against rubella seropositivity was found in 95.8%and rubella IgM seropositivity in 0.93%.Anti-IgG against rubella seronegativity was found in 4.2%and rubella IgM seronegativity in 99.07%.Conclusions:According to the results,primary and secondary infections are usually symptomless or inconspicuous,but they can cause serious fetal *** antenatal care should therefore include serological testing to check the immune status of the woman and to diagnose any fresh virus infections that may arise.

关键词： rubella Cytomegalovirus Tabriz Chemiluminescence Seroprevalence

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Relatives of rubella virus in diverse mammals

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第1期43卷 129-129页

作者： Andrew J Bennett Department of Pathobiological Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda USA Leidos Reston USA Genomics and Bioinformatics Department Biological Defense Research Directorate Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick Fort Detrick Frederick USA Institute of Diagnostic Virology Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany State Office for Agriculture Food Safety and Fisheries Rostock Germany Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems Greifswald-Insel Riems Germany Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Fort Detrick Frederick USA Global Health Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison USA

Since 1814,when rubella was first described,the origins of the disease and its causative agent,rubella virus(Matonaviridae:Rubivirus),have remained *** we describe ruhugu virus and rustrela virus in Africa and Europe,respectively,which are,to our knowledge,the first known relatives of rubella *** virus,which is the closest relative of rubella virus,was found in apparently healthy cyclops leaf-nosed bats(Hipposideros cyclops)in *** virus,which is an outgroup to the clade that comprises rubella and ruhugu viruses,was found in acutely encephalitic placental and marsupial animals at a zoo in Germany and in wild yellow-necked field mice(Apodemus flavicollis)at and near the *** and rustrela viruses share an identical genomic architecture with rubella virus2,3.

关键词： yellow identical rubella

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Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect

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World Journal of Virology 2023年第3期12卷 172-192页

作者： Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed Reem Elbeltagi Adel Salah Bediwy Syed A Saboor Aftab Rawan Alhawamdeh Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatrics University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentSalmaniya Medical ComplexMinistry of HealthKingdom of BahrainManama 12Bahrain Microbiology Section Pathology DepartmentIrish Royal College of SurgeonBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Medicine The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-BahrainBusiateen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Pulmonolgy Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31527AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Chest Disease University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityDr.Sulaiman Al Habib Medical GroupManama 26671Bahrain Endocrinology and DM William Harvey Hospital(Paula Carr Centre)Ashford TN240LZKentUnited Kingdom Pediatrics Research and Development Genomics Creativity and Play CenterManama 0000Bahrain

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors *** is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental *** is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of *** aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and *** performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this *** of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus *** infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with *** the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of *** is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with *** addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including *** effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of *** modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.

关键词： Autism Children rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus Influenza virus Zika virus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Viral infection Core Tip:There is a mutual relationship between viral infections and autism.There is an increased risk of developing autism when contracting a viral infection during pregnancy or early postnatal life during the critical period of brain development.At the same time,children with autism have many co-morbidities that expose them to more risk of contracting infections,including viruses.Therefore,every effort should be made to prevent infections,especially during this critical period of neurodevelopment.Parents should also be educated about the importance of vaccination and immune modulation in children with autism to avoid further infections.

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