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Centralized congestion control routing protocol based on multi-metrics for low power and lossy networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2017年第5期24卷 35-43页

作者： Yao Yukun Liu Jiangbing Xu Dongliang Ren Zhi Hu Qing Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mobile Communications Technology Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing 400065 China

Owing to the unreliability of wireless link and the resource constraints of embedded devices in terms of energy, processing power, and memory size in low power and lossy networks （LLNs）, network congestion may occur in an emergency and lead to significant packet loss and end-to-end delay. To mitigate the effect of network congestion, this paper proposes a centralized congestion control routing protocol based on multi-metrics （CCRPM）. It combines the residual energy of a node, buffer occupancy rate, wireless link quality, and the current number of sub-nodes for the candidate parent to reduce the probability of network congestion in the process of network construction. In addition, it adopts a centralized way to determine whether the sub-nodes of the congested node need to be switched based on the traffic analysis when network congestion occurs. Theoretical analysis and extensive simulation results show that compared with the existing routing protocol, the performance of CCRPM is improved significantly in reducing the probability of network congestion, prolonging average network lifetime, increasing network throughput, and decreasing end-to-end delay.

关键词： LLNs congestion Control multi-metrics centralized way routing protocol

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An Energy Based Dynamic AODV routing protocol in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第4期63卷 353-368页

作者： Wuyungerile Li Baoyintu Bing Jia Junxiu Wang Takashi Watanabe College of Computer Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot Inner Mongolia010021China Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka UniversityOsaka565-0871Japan

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Internet and wireless communication technology,wireless Ad hoc networks have received more *** to the limited transmission range and energy of nodes in Ad hoc networks,it is important to establish a reliable and energy-balanced transmission path in Ad hoc *** paper proposes an energy-based dynamic routing protocol based on the existing AODV routing protocol,which has the following two aspects of improvement:(1)In the route discovery process,a node selects a suitable route from the minimum energy consumption route and the energy-balanced route designed in this paper according to a“Mark”bit that representing remaining energy of a node.(2)Based on(1),a route interruption update strategy was proposed to restart the route discovery process when node energy was used *** results demonstrate that compared with AODV and other existing routing protocols,proposed algorithm can reduce network energy consumption and balance node energy,thus extending the network lifetime.

关键词： Ad hoc networks routing protocol energy network lifetime

NHRPA:a novel hierarchical routing protocol algorithm for wireless sensor networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2008年第3期15卷 75-81页

作者： CHENG Hong-bing YANG Geng HU Su-jun College of Computer Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China Department of Information Engineering College of Jiangsu Civil Vocation Nanjing 210036 China

Considering severe resources constraints and security threat hierarchical routing protocol algorithm. The proposed routing of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, the article proposed a novel protocol algorithm can adopt suitable routing technology for the nodes according to the distance of nodes to the base station, density of nodes distribution, and residual energy of nodes. Comparing the proposed routing protocol algorithm with simple direction diffusion routing technology, cluster-based routing mechanisms, and simple hierarchical routing protocol algorithm through comprehensive analysis and simulation in terms of the energy usage, packet latency, and security in the presence of node protocol algorithm is more efficient for wireless sensor networks. compromise attacks, the results show that the proposed routing

关键词： wireless sensor networks (WSN) routing protocol network security

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LOA-RPL:Novel Energy-Efficient routing protocol for the Internet of Things Using Lion Optimization Algorithm to Maximize Network Lifetime

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 351-371页

作者： Sankar Sennan Somula Ramasubbareddy Anand Nayyar Yunyoung Nam Mohamed Abouhawwash Department of Computer Science Engineering Sona College of TechnologySalem636005India VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering&Technology Hyderabad500090India Graduate School Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam550000Vietnam Faculty of Information Technology Duy Tan UniversityDa NangVietnam550000Vietnam Department of Computer Science and Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA

Energy conservation is a significant task in the Internet of Things(IoT)because IoT involves highly resource-constrained *** is an effective technique for saving energy by reducing duplicate *** a clustering protocol,the selection of a cluster head(CH)plays a key role in prolonging the lifetime of a ***,most cluster-based protocols,including routing protocols for low-power and lossy networks(RPLs),have used fuzzy logic and probabilistic approaches to select the CH ***,early battery depletion is produced near the *** overcome this issue,a lion optimization algorithm(LOA)for selecting CH in RPL is proposed in this ***-RPL comprises three processes:cluster formation,CH selection,and route establishment.A cluster is formed using the Euclidean *** selection is performed using *** establishment is implemented using residual energy *** extensive simulation is conducted in the network simulator ns-3 on various parameters,such as network lifetime,power consumption,packet delivery ratio(PDR),and *** performance of LOA-RPL is also compared with those of RPL,fuzzy rule-based energyefficient clustering and immune-inspired routing(FEEC-IIR),and the routing scheme for IoT that uses shuffled frog-leaping optimization algorithm(RISARPL).The performance evaluation metrics used in this study are network lifetime,power consumption,PDR,and *** proposed LOARPL increases network lifetime by 20%and PDR by 5%–10%compared with RPL,FEEC-IIR,and ***-RPL is also highly energy-efficient compared with other similar routing protocols.

关键词： Internet of things cluster head clustering protocol optimization algorithm lion optimization algorithm network lifetime routing protocol wireless sensor networks energy consumption low-power and lossy networks

Improvement and Realization of DSR routing protocol with QoS Support in Wireless Mesh Networks

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China Communications 2009年第1期6卷 123-127页

作者： Gu Xiaoyan , Liu Feng Image Processing and Image Communications Key Lab, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China Image Processing and Image Communications Key Lab Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China

In Wireless Mesh Network,multimedia applications require the network to guarantee Quality-of-Service(QoS). A new QoS-aware routing protocol based on DSR named QDSR(QoS-DSR) is further proposed. QDSR guarantees the QoS of application, such as bandwidth and delay, defines routing cost function according to the number of hops of path and buffer and chooses the best path based on routing cost. Simulation results show that, compared with DSR, QDSR greatly improves the throughput, reduces the average end to end delay, improves the efficiency, satisfies the QoS of application better and has stronger applicability and expansibility.

关键词： Wireless Mesh network Quality-of-Service routing protocol bandwidth delay routing cost function

An Optimization Forwarding Range routing protocol for VANET in City Environments

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2014年第1期23卷 191-193页

作者： LI Xiaoqing LI Hui YANG Kai LIU Qiao The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University Department of Electronics Technology Engineering University of CAPF

In city environment, the vehicle communication is affected by the around obstacles due to the especial condition of wireless channels. However, most of prior works adopt the fixed radio range value of vehicles to transmit packets. In this paper, we design an optimization forwarding range routing protocol for VANET in urban *** has an optimized and adjustable forwarding range, which changes with different environments based on the path loss and the city model. And the proposed geo-routing protocol has a novel idea in computing the connectivity of roads and the adjustable strategy in a sparse network. Simulation results indicate that the OFRR enjoys desirable performance in the urban area.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc network(VANET) Optimal forwarding range Path loss routing protocol

Water wave optimization-based routing protocol for vehicular adhoc networks

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2018年第5期9卷 210-232页

作者： Mukund B.Wagh N.Gomathi Department of Computer Science Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Technical University Avadi Chennai 600062India

It is well known that Vehicular Adhoc Network(VANET)plays the major role in the field of Intelligent Transport System(ITS)to enhance road safety as *** entire communication among vehicles is covered in *** the number of researches is in progress for the enhancement of VANET ***,the issues arising with this field is the achievement of multi-constrained Quality of Service(QoS)*** solve this issue,our paper intends to propose a cost model that considers certain network quality measures like travel,collision,congestion and the awareness about the ***,this paper adopts a renowned algorithm named Water Wave Optimization algorithm(WWO)to find the optimal *** proposed method analyses its performance over other conventional methods like Lion Algorithm(LA),Genetic Algorithm(GA)and LA with Adaptive Mutation(LAAM)in terms of cost analysis,Convergence analysis and Computational *** the analytical results prove the superiority of proposed work in terms of decreased routing cost.

关键词： VANET routing protocol cost reduction QoS fuzzification WWO.

Cross-layer routing protocol design for high mobility multi-hop cognitive radio networks

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High Technology Letters 2012年第3期18卷 267-274页

作者： Huang Xinlin Wang Gang Chen Jian Communication Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China Institute of Command Automation PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210007 P. R. China

In multi-hop cognitive radio networks （ CRNs）, the heterogeneous environment increases the complexity of common control channel （CCC） formation and routing protocol design. In this paper, we consider the on-demand routing protocol transmits over CCC. However, since CR transceivers （secondary users） have different available channel sets and it must vacate the licensed channel when a primary user arrives, forming a CCC becomes a main challenge in routing protocol design for CRNs. Our proposed CCC formation algorithm is based on a spectrum-tree structure, which consists of all cluster heads in CRNs. The cluster heads are with smaller moving range and lower mobility, and also act as a router in the whole network which maintains information of its cluster. Hence, a route is constituted in part by a set of cluster-head identity （ID） numbers, which represent the spe- cific cluster heads the path traverses, and in part by a set of member nodes ID numbers, which are included in the clusters containing the source and destination nodes. Due to high mobility and dynamic available spectrum, we define the stability parameters of path as two parts. One stability parameter is mobility factor, which represents the probability that a pairwise node can keep in communication range for the next flow transmission. The another stability parameter is spectrum opportunistic （SOP） factor, which represents the probability that a pairwise links can obtain the assigned spectrum band for the next flow transmission. Simulation results show that CCC formation algorithm produces a high probability of CCC formation, and the proposed routing protocol performs better than typical routing protocols.

关键词： routing protocol common control channel (CCC) spectrum- tree high mobility path stability

A mesh based routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks

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High Technology Letters 2009年第4期15卷 363-368页

作者：黄宏宇 Li Minglu Wu Minyou Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 P.R. China

This paper studies a routing protocol used in the application of collecting real-time traffic information using mobile vehicles to monitor traffic status. The biggest challenge of vehicular ad hoe network routing protocol lies in the mismatch between the direction of moving vehicles and routed data. In order to deal with this mismatch, a mesh based routing protocol with a two-tier network architecture is proposed. By using mesh nodes deployed at intersections, data can be routed through an optimized path which can improve the delivery ratio and reduce the consumption of network resources. The simulation uses the mobility model processed from the GPS data of taxis mnning in Shanghai urban areas. The result shows that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing flooding protocol.

关键词： vehicular ad hoe networks (vANETs) deployment routing protocol

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