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Dynamic channel estimation-aware routing protocol in mobile cognitive radio networks for smart IIoT applications

Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 367-382页

作者： Qusay M.Salih Md Arafatur Rahman A.Taufiq Asyhari Muhammad Kamran Naeem Mohammad Patwary Ryan Alturki Mohammed Abdulaziz Ikram Faculty of Computing Universiti Malaysia Pahang26300GambangPahangMalaysia School of Engineering Computing and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of WolverhamptonUK Data Science Program Monash UniversityIndonesiaand Birmingham City UniversityB47XGUK Department of Information Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Computer Science Department Al Jumoum University CollegeUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia

Cognitive Radio Networks(CRNs)have become a successful platform in recent years for a diverse range of future systems,in particularly,industrial internet of things(IIoT)*** order to provide an efficient connection among IIoT devices,CRNs enhance spectrum utilization by using licensed ***,the routing protocol in these networks is considered one of the main problems due to node mobility and time-variant channel ***,the channel selection for routing protocol is indispensable in CRNs to provide an adequate adaptation to the Primary User(PU)activity and create a robust routing *** study aims to construct a robust routing path by minimizing PU interference and routing delay to maximize throughput within the IIoT ***,a generic routing framework from a cross-layer perspective is investigated that intends to share the information resources by exploiting a recently proposed method,namely,Channel Availability ***,a novel cross-layer-oriented routing protocol is proposed by using a time-variant channel estimation *** protocol combines lower layer(Physical layer and Data Link layer)sensing that is derived from the channel estimation ***,it periodically updates and stores the routing table for optimal route ***,in order to achieve higher throughput and lower delay,a new routing metric is *** evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol,network simulations have been conducted and also compared to the widely used routing protocols,as a *** simulation results of different routing scenarios demonstrate that our proposed solution outperforms the existing protocols in terms of the standard network performance metrics involving packet delivery ratio(with an improved margin of around 5–20%approximately)under varying numbers of PUs and cognitive users in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks(MCRNs).Moreover,the cross-layer routing protocol successfully achiev

关键词： Channel selection Cross-layer design Mobile cognitive radio networks routing protocol IIoT applications

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Optimal routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Using Genetic Fuzzy Logic System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 4107-4122页

作者： S.Zulaikha Beevi Abdullah Alabdulatif Computer Department College of Sciences and Arts in Ar RassQassim UniversityAr RassSaudi Arabia

The wireless sensor network(WSN)is a growing sector in the network *** implementing it many industries developed smart task for different *** nodes interact with each other and this interaction technique are handled by different routing *** the life of the network in WSN is a challenging issue because energy in sensor nodes are quickly *** the overall performance of WSN are degraded by this *** resolve this unreliable low power link,many researches have provided various routing protocols to make the network as dependable and sustainable as *** speeding up the data delivery is also considered to be an effective approach to save *** achieve this objective,we propose a new energy efficient routing protocol using genetic fuzzy logic *** primary objective is to save energy by sending data packets via the shortest *** studies have proved that the clustering protocol plays an important role in prolonging the life of the sensor node in *** up with this our second objective is selection of head node from a *** cluster head is selected based on the availability of maximum residual energy among the nodes,lifetime of head-to-head link,and its minimum distance to the base *** genetic fitness approach is proposed for optimal routing and the selection of cluster head(CH)is employed with fuzzy logic *** a result,the genetic fuzzy logic system(GFLS)can effectively accelerate the process to solve this *** is used to deploy nodes *** performance is calculated in terms of efficiency,delay,packet delivery rate and network *** performance is compared with previous pertinent *** proposed approach has elevated its performance around 8%in packet delivery and 6%in overall network throughput.

关键词： Clustering routing protocol cluster head fuzzy logic

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Coati Optimization-Based Energy Efficient routing protocol for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 4805-4820页

作者： Hanan Abdullah Mengash Hamed Alqahtani Mohammed Maray Mohamed K.Nour Radwa Marzouk Mohammed Abdullah Al-Hagery Heba Mohsen Mesfer Al Duhayyim Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer ScienceCenter of Artificial Intelligence and Unit of CybersecurityKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences College of Computing and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMecca24382Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52571Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and Information TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of Computer Science College of Sciences and Humanities-AflajPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

With the flexible deployment and high mobility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)in an open environment,they have generated con-siderable attention in military and civil applications intending to enable ubiquitous connectivity and foster agile *** difficulty stems from features other than mobile ad-hoc network(MANET),namely aerial mobility in three-dimensional space and often changing *** the UAV network,a single node serves as a forwarding,transmitting,and receiving node at the same ***,the communication path is multi-hop,and routing significantly affects the network’s performance.A lot of effort should be invested in performance analysis for selecting the optimum routing *** this motivation,this study modelled a new Coati Optimization Algorithm-based Energy-Efficient routing Process for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Communication(COAER-UAVC)*** presented COAER-UAVC technique establishes effective routes for communication between the *** is primarily based on the coati characteristics in nature:if attacking and hunting iguanas and escaping from ***,the presented COAER-UAVC technique concentrates on the design of fitness functions to minimize energy utilization and communication delay.A varied group of simulations was performed to depict the optimum performance of the COAER-UAVC *** experimental results verified that the COAER-UAVC technique had assured improved performance over other approaches.

关键词： Artificial intelligence unmanned aerial vehicle data communication routing protocol energy efficiency

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A Cyber–Physical routing protocol Exploiting Trajectory Dynamics for Mission-Oriented Flying Ad Hoc Networks

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Engineering 2022年第12期19卷 217-227页

作者： Die Hu Shaoshi Yang Min Gong Zhiyong Feng Xuejun Zhu School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Beijing 100076China Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications Ministry of EducationBeijing 100876China

As a special type of mobile ad hoc network(MANET),the flying ad hoc network(FANET)has the potential to enable a variety of emerging applications in both civilian wireless communications(e.g.,5G and 6G)and the defense *** routing protocol plays a pivotal role in ***,when designing the routing protocol for FANET,it is conventionally assumed that the aerial nodes move *** is clearly inappropriate for a mission-oriented FANET(MO-FANET),in which the aerial nodes typically move toward a given destination from given departure point(s),possibly along a roughly deterministic flight path while maintaining a well-established formation,in order to carry out certain *** this paper,a novel cyber–physical routing protocol exploiting the particular mobility pattern of an MO-FANET is proposed based on cross-disciplinary integration,which makes full use of the missiondetermined trajectory dynamics to construct the time sequence of rejoining and separating,as well as the adjacency matrix for each node,as prior *** with the existing representative routing protocols used in FANETs,our protocol achieves a higher packet-delivery ratio(PDR)at the cost of even lower overhead and lower average end-to-end latency,while maintaining a reasonably moderate and stable network jitter,as demonstrated by extensive ns-3-based simulations assuming realistic configurations in an MO-FANET.

关键词： Cyber-physical system Flying ad hoc network routing protocol Trajectory dynamics Unmanned aerial vehicle

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Optimized Tuning of LOADng routing protocol Parameters for IoT

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第8期46卷 1549-1561页

作者： Divya Sharma Sanjay Jain Vivek Maik Department of Electronics and Communication New Horizon College of EngineeringBengaluru560103India CMR Institute of Technology Bengaluru560037India Department of Electronics and Communication SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathurChennai603203India

Interconnected devices and intelligent applications have slashed human intervention in the Internet of Things(IoT),making it possible to accomplish tasks with less human ***,it faces many problems,including lower capacity links,energy utilization,enhancement of resources and limited resources due to its openness,heterogeneity,limited resources and *** is challenging to route packets in such a constrained *** an IoT network constrained by limited resources,minimal routing control overhead is required without packet *** constrained environments can be improved through the optimal routing *** is challenging to route packets in such a constrained ***,this work is motivated to present an efficient routing protocol for enhancing the lifetime of the IoT *** On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector routing protocol—Next Generation(LOADng)protocol is an extended version of the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector(AODV)*** AODV,LOADng is a lighter version that forbids the intermediate nodes on the route to send a route reply(RREP)for the route request(RREQ),which originated from the source.A resource-constrained IoT network demands minimal routing control overhead and faster packet ***,in this paper,the parameters of the LOADng routing protocol are optimized using the black widow optimization(BWO)algorithm to reduce the control overhead and ***,the performance of the proposed model is analyzed with the default LOADng in terms of delay,delivery ratio and *** results show that the LOADng-BWO protocol outperforms the conventional LOADng protocol.

关键词： Internet of things optimization algorithm routing protocol LOADng

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An improved evaporation rate water cycle algorithm for energy-efficient routing protocol in WSNs

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2023年第1期16卷 30-45页

作者： Vimala Dayalan Manikandan Kuppusamy School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVelloreIndia

Purpose-The paper aims to introduce an efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks(WSNs).It proposes an improved evaporation rate water cycle(improved ER-WC)algorithm and outlining the systems performance in improving the energy efficiency of *** proposed technique mainly analyzes the clustering problem of WSNs when huge tasks are ***/methodology/approach-This proposed improved ER-WC algorithm is used for analyzing various factors such as network cluster-head(CH)energy,CH location and CH density in improved *** proposed study will solve the energy efficiency and improve network throughput in ***-This proposed work provides optimal clustering method for Fuzzy C-means(FCM)where efficiency is improved in *** evaluations are conducted to find network lifespan,network throughput,total network residual energy and network *** limitations/implications-The proposed improved ER-WC algorithm has some implications when different energy levels of node are used in *** implications-This research work analyzes the nodes’energy and throughput by selecting correct CHs in intra-cluster *** can possibly analyze the factors such as CH location,network CH energy and CH ***/value-This proposed research work proves to be performing better for improving the network throughput and increases energy efficiency for WSNs.

关键词： WSNs Improved ER-WCA Energy efficiency routing protocol PCM Fuzzy C-Means Paper type Research paper

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routing protocol with Optimal Location of Aggregation Point in Wireless Sensor Networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2006年第1期13卷 1-5页

作者： LIU Yue-yang JI Hong YUE Guang-xin School of Telecommunications Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 P.R. China

A wireless sensor network is typically composed of hundreds, even thousands of tiny sensors used to monitor physical phenomena. As data collected by the sensors are often redundant, data aggregation is important for conserving energy. In this paper , we present a new routing protocol with optimal data aggregation. This routing protocol has good performance due to its optimal selection of aggregation point locations. This paper details the optimal selection of aggregation point locations.

关键词： wireless sensor networks routing protocol data aggregation

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A New Network Coding Based routing protocol for Enhancing Throughput Capacity in Wireless Mesh Networks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2019年第2期28卷 416-422页

作者： PENG Yuhuai DENG Qingxu GUO Lei WANG Fanzhao College of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University

Network coding technology is always employed to improve the throughput of Wireless mesh networks(WMNs). However, traditional routing protocols based on network coding can only passively wait for coding opportunity, and the routing process is oblivious to coding operation. Taking into account the high throughput requirement in WMNs, a novel Coding awareness routing protocol with maximum benefit(CARMB) is proposed in this paper. The CARMB could actively create potential coding opportunities in the process of path establishment,which attempts to choose an appreciated route with more coding benefits among available path *** through NS-2 demonstrate that the CARMB performs better than traditional schemes in enhancing average end-to-end throughput and increasing coding opportunities as well as reducing average end-to-end *** particular, average end-to-end throughput and coding gain could be improved by 11% and 17% respectively compared with previous approaches.

关键词： Throughput Network coding routing protocol Wireless mesh networks(WMNs)

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Joint channel assignment and cross-layer routing protocol for multi-radio multi-channel Ad Hoc networks

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2010年第6期21卷 1095-1102页

作者： Yang Lu Junming Guan Zhen Wei Qilin Wu School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Heifei 230009 P. R. China Engineering Research Center of Safety Critical Industry Measure and Control Technology of Ministry of Education Hefei 230009 E R. China

To study multi-radio multi-channel （MR-MC） Ad Hoc networks based on 802.11, an efficient cross-layer routing protocol with the function of joint channel assignment, called joint channel assignment and cross-layer routing （JCACR）, is presented. Firstly, this paper introduces a new concept called channel utilization percentage （CUP）, which is for measuring the contention level of different channels in a node’s neighborhood, and deduces its optimal value for determining whether a channel is overloaded or not. Then, a metric parameter named channel selection metric （CSM） is designed, which actually reffects not only the channel status but also corresponding node’s capacity to seize it. JCACR evaluates channel assignment by CSM, performs a local optimization by assigning each node a channel with the smaller CSM value, and changes the working channel dynamically when the channel is overloaded. Therefore, the network load balancing can be achieved. In addition, simulation shows that, when compared with the protocol of weighted cumulative expected transfer time （WCETT）, the new protocol can improve the network throughput and reduce the end-to-end average delay with fewer overheads.

关键词： Ad Hoc network multi-radio multi-channel channel assignment routing protocol channel utilization percentage.

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Distributed QoS multicast routing protocol in ad hoc networks

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2006年第3期17卷 692-698页

作者： Sun Baolin Li Layuan School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan Univ. of Technology Wuhan 430063 P. R. China Dept. of Mathematics and Physics Wuhan Univ. of Science and Engineering Wuhan 430073 P. R. China

Quality of service （QoS） routing and multicasting protocols in ad hoc networks are face with the challenge of delivering data to destinations through multihop routes in the presence of node movements and topology changes. The multicast routing problem with multiple QoS constraints is discussed, which may deal with the delay, bandwidth and cost metrics, and describes a network model for researching the ad hoc networks QoS multicast routing problem. It presents a distributed QoS multicast routing protocol （DQMRP）. The proof of correctness and complenty analysis of the DQMRP are also given. Simulation results show that the multicast tree optimized by DQMRP is better than other protocols and is fitter for the network situations with frequently changed status and the realtime multimedia application. It is an available approach to multicast routing decision with multiple QoS constraints.

关键词： ad hoc network multicast routing routing protocol QoS.

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