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Dynamic channel estimation-aware routing protocol in mobile cognitive radio networks for smart IIoT applications

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 367-382页

作者： Qusay M.Salih Md Arafatur Rahman A.Taufiq Asyhari Muhammad Kamran Naeem Mohammad Patwary Ryan Alturki Mohammed Abdulaziz Ikram Faculty of Computing Universiti Malaysia Pahang26300GambangPahangMalaysia School of Engineering Computing and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of WolverhamptonUK Data Science Program Monash UniversityIndonesiaand Birmingham City UniversityB47XGUK Department of Information Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia Computer Science Department Al Jumoum University CollegeUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia

Cognitive Radio Networks(CRNs)have become a successful platform in recent years for a diverse range of future systems,in particularly,industrial internet of things(IIoT)*** order to provide an efficient connection among IIoT devices,CRNs enhance spectrum utilization by using licensed ***,the routing protocol in these networks is considered one of the main problems due to node mobility and time-variant channel ***,the channel selection for routing protocol is indispensable in CRNs to provide an adequate adaptation to the Primary User(PU)activity and create a robust routing *** study aims to construct a robust routing path by minimizing PU interference and routing delay to maximize throughput within the IIoT ***,a generic routing framework from a cross-layer perspective is investigated that intends to share the information resources by exploiting a recently proposed method,namely,Channel Availability ***,a novel cross-layer-oriented routing protocol is proposed by using a time-variant channel estimation *** protocol combines lower layer(Physical layer and Data Link layer)sensing that is derived from the channel estimation ***,it periodically updates and stores the routing table for optimal route ***,in order to achieve higher throughput and lower delay,a new routing metric is *** evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol,network simulations have been conducted and also compared to the widely used routing protocols,as a *** simulation results of different routing scenarios demonstrate that our proposed solution outperforms the existing protocols in terms of the standard network performance metrics involving packet delivery ratio(with an improved margin of around 5–20%approximately)under varying numbers of PUs and cognitive users in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks(MCRNs).Moreover,the cross-layer routing protocol successfully achiev

关键词： Channel selection Cross-layer design Mobile cognitive radio networks routing protocol IIoT applications

A New Network Coding Based routing protocol for Enhancing Throughput Capacity in Wireless Mesh Networks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2019年第2期28卷 416-422页

作者： PENG Yuhuai DENG Qingxu GUO Lei WANG Fanzhao College of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University

Network coding technology is always employed to improve the throughput of Wireless mesh networks(WMNs). However, traditional routing protocols based on network coding can only passively wait for coding opportunity, and the routing process is oblivious to coding operation. Taking into account the high throughput requirement in WMNs, a novel Coding awareness routing protocol with maximum benefit(CARMB) is proposed in this paper. The CARMB could actively create potential coding opportunities in the process of path establishment,which attempts to choose an appreciated route with more coding benefits among available path *** through NS-2 demonstrate that the CARMB performs better than traditional schemes in enhancing average end-to-end throughput and increasing coding opportunities as well as reducing average end-to-end *** particular, average end-to-end throughput and coding gain could be improved by 11% and 17% respectively compared with previous approaches.

关键词： Throughput Network coding routing protocol Wireless mesh networks(WMNs)

Joint channel assignment and cross-layer routing protocol for multi-radio multi-channel Ad Hoc networks

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2010年第6期21卷 1095-1102页

作者： Yang Lu Junming Guan Zhen Wei Qilin Wu School of Computer and Information Hefei University of Technology Heifei 230009 P. R. China Engineering Research Center of Safety Critical Industry Measure and Control Technology of Ministry of Education Hefei 230009 E R. China

To study multi-radio multi-channel （MR-MC） Ad Hoc networks based on 802.11, an efficient cross-layer routing protocol with the function of joint channel assignment, called joint channel assignment and cross-layer routing （JCACR）, is presented. Firstly, this paper introduces a new concept called channel utilization percentage （CUP）, which is for measuring the contention level of different channels in a node’s neighborhood, and deduces its optimal value for determining whether a channel is overloaded or not. Then, a metric parameter named channel selection metric （CSM） is designed, which actually reffects not only the channel status but also corresponding node’s capacity to seize it. JCACR evaluates channel assignment by CSM, performs a local optimization by assigning each node a channel with the smaller CSM value, and changes the working channel dynamically when the channel is overloaded. Therefore, the network load balancing can be achieved. In addition, simulation shows that, when compared with the protocol of weighted cumulative expected transfer time （WCETT）, the new protocol can improve the network throughput and reduce the end-to-end average delay with fewer overheads.

关键词： Ad Hoc network multi-radio multi-channel channel assignment routing protocol channel utilization percentage.

An Efcient Hop Count routing protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2014年第1期11卷 93-99页

作者： Xu Zhang Zhi-Hong Qian Yu-Qi Guo Xue Wang College of Communication Engineering Jilin University Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences

An efcient hop count route fnding approach for mobile ad hoc network is presented in this *** is an adaptive routing protocol that has a tradeof between transmission power and hop count for wireless ad hoc *** the route fnding process,the node can dynamically assign transmission power to nodes along the *** node who has received route request message compares its power with the threshold power value,and then selects a reasonable route according to discriminating *** algorithm is an efective solution scheme to wireless ad hoc networks through reasonably selected path to reduce network *** results indicate that the proposed protocol can deliver better performances with respect to energy consumption and end-to-end delay.

关键词： Wireless ad hoc networks routing protocol hop count threshold transmission power

QoS-aware multicast routing protocol for Ad hoc networks

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2006年第2期17卷 417-422页

作者： Sun Baolin Li Layuan School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan Univ. of Technology Wuhan 430063. P. R. China Dept. of Mathematics and Physics Wuhan Univ. of Science and Engineering Wuhan 430073. P. R. China

Ad hoe wireless networks consist of mobile nodes interconnected by multihop communication paths. Unlike conventional wireless networks, ad hoc networks have no fixed network infrastructure or administrative support. Due to bandwidth constraint and dynamic topology of mobile ad hoc networks, supporting Quality of Service （QoS） is an inherently complex, difficult issue and very important research issue. MAODV （Multicast Ad hoc Ondemand Distance Vector） routing protocol provides fast and efficient route establishment between mobile nodes that need to communicate with each other. MAODV has minimal control overhead and route acquisition latency. In addition to unicast routing, MAODV supports multicast and broadcast as well. The multicast routing problem with multiple QoS constraints, which may deal with the delay, bandwidth and packet loss measurements is discussed, and a network model for researching the ad hoc network QoS multicast routing problem is described. It presents a complete solution for QoS multicast routing based on an extension of the MAODV routing protocol that deals with delay, bandwidth and packet loss mesurements. The solution is based on lower layer specifics. Simulation results show that, with the proposed QoS multicast routing protocol, end-to-end delay, bandwidth and packet loss on a route can be improved in most of cases. It is an available approach to multicast routing decision with multiple QoS constraints.

关键词： multieast routing routing protocol QoS AODV MAODV.

Distributed QoS multicast routing protocol in ad hoc networks

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2006年第3期17卷 692-698页

作者： Sun Baolin Li Layuan School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan Univ. of Technology Wuhan 430063 P. R. China Dept. of Mathematics and Physics Wuhan Univ. of Science and Engineering Wuhan 430073 P. R. China

Quality of service （QoS） routing and multicasting protocols in ad hoc networks are face with the challenge of delivering data to destinations through multihop routes in the presence of node movements and topology changes. The multicast routing problem with multiple QoS constraints is discussed, which may deal with the delay, bandwidth and cost metrics, and describes a network model for researching the ad hoc networks QoS multicast routing problem. It presents a distributed QoS multicast routing protocol （DQMRP）. The proof of correctness and complenty analysis of the DQMRP are also given. Simulation results show that the multicast tree optimized by DQMRP is better than other protocols and is fitter for the network situations with frequently changed status and the realtime multimedia application. It is an available approach to multicast routing decision with multiple QoS constraints.

关键词： ad hoc network multicast routing routing protocol QoS.

An Energy Based Dynamic AODV routing protocol in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第4期63卷 353-368页

作者： Wuyungerile Li Baoyintu Bing Jia Junxiu Wang Takashi Watanabe College of Computer Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot Inner Mongolia010021China Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka UniversityOsaka565-0871Japan

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Internet and wireless communication technology,wireless Ad hoc networks have received more *** to the limited transmission range and energy of nodes in Ad hoc networks,it is important to establish a reliable and energy-balanced transmission path in Ad hoc *** paper proposes an energy-based dynamic routing protocol based on the existing AODV routing protocol,which has the following two aspects of improvement:(1)In the route discovery process,a node selects a suitable route from the minimum energy consumption route and the energy-balanced route designed in this paper according to a“Mark”bit that representing remaining energy of a node.(2)Based on(1),a route interruption update strategy was proposed to restart the route discovery process when node energy was used *** results demonstrate that compared with AODV and other existing routing protocols,proposed algorithm can reduce network energy consumption and balance node energy,thus extending the network lifetime.

关键词： Ad hoc networks routing protocol energy network lifetime

A Cyber–Physical routing protocol Exploiting Trajectory Dynamics for Mission-Oriented Flying Ad Hoc Networks

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Engineering 2022年第12期19卷 217-227页

作者： Die Hu Shaoshi Yang Min Gong Zhiyong Feng Xuejun Zhu School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology Beijing 100076China Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications Ministry of EducationBeijing 100876China

As a special type of mobile ad hoc network(MANET),the flying ad hoc network(FANET)has the potential to enable a variety of emerging applications in both civilian wireless communications(e.g.,5G and 6G)and the defense *** routing protocol plays a pivotal role in ***,when designing the routing protocol for FANET,it is conventionally assumed that the aerial nodes move *** is clearly inappropriate for a mission-oriented FANET(MO-FANET),in which the aerial nodes typically move toward a given destination from given departure point(s),possibly along a roughly deterministic flight path while maintaining a well-established formation,in order to carry out certain *** this paper,a novel cyber–physical routing protocol exploiting the particular mobility pattern of an MO-FANET is proposed based on cross-disciplinary integration,which makes full use of the missiondetermined trajectory dynamics to construct the time sequence of rejoining and separating,as well as the adjacency matrix for each node,as prior *** with the existing representative routing protocols used in FANETs,our protocol achieves a higher packet-delivery ratio(PDR)at the cost of even lower overhead and lower average end-to-end latency,while maintaining a reasonably moderate and stable network jitter,as demonstrated by extensive ns-3-based simulations assuming realistic configurations in an MO-FANET.

关键词： Cyber-physical system Flying ad hoc network routing protocol Trajectory dynamics Unmanned aerial vehicle

Enhanced KOCED routing protocol with K-means Algorithm

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 4019-4037页

作者： SeaYoung Park Jong-Yong Lee Daesung Lee Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display KwangWoon University Graduate SchoolSeoul01897Korea Ingenium College of Liberal Arts KwangWoon UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Computer Engineering Catholic University of PusanBusanKorea

Replacing or recharging batteries in the sensor nodes of a wireless sensor network(WSN)is a significant ***,efficient power utilization by sensors is a critical requirement,and it is closely related to the life span of the *** a sensor node consumes all its energy,it will no longer function ***,various protocols have been proposed to minimize the energy consumption of sensors and thus prolong the network ***,clustering algorithms combined with artificial intelligence have been proposed for this *** particular,various protocols employ the K-means clustering algorithm,which is a machine learning *** number of clustering configurations required by the K-means clustering algorithm is greater than that required by the hierarchical ***,the selection of the cluster heads considers only the residual energy of the nodes without accounting for the transmission distance to the base *** terms of energy consumption,the residual energy of each node,the transmission distance,the cluster head location,and the central relative position within the cluster should be considered *** this paper,we propose the KOCED(K-means with Optimal clustering for WSN considering Centrality,Energy,and Distance)protocol,which considers the residual energy of nodes as well as the distances to the central point of the cluster and the base station.A performance comparison shows that the KOCED protocol outperforms the LEACH protocol by 259%(223 rounds)for first node dead(FND)and 164%(280 rounds)with 80%alive nodes.

关键词： WSN routing protocol K-means K-optimal LEACH KCE KOCED