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root distribution and influencing factors of dry-sowing and wet-growing cotton plants under different water conditions

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排灌机械工程学报 2023年第10期41卷 1073-1080页

作者： DING Yu ZHANG Jianghui BAI Yungang LIU Hongbo ZHENG Ming ZHAO Jinghua XIAO Jun College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830052China Xinjiang Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Sciences UrumqiXinjiang 830049China

To study the effect of soil water and salt environment factors on the root growth of cotton under different moisture control,three different emergence water volumes(60,105,and 150 m^(3)/hm^(2)),two different frequencies(high frequency and low frequency)and one double film cover winter irrigation control treatment(CK:2250 m^(3)/hm^(2))were set up to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of soil water and salt environment and root density in dry sown and wet emerged cotton fields under diffe-rent moisture control *** results show that the soil water content and water infiltration range gradually become larger with the increase of seedling water quantity,and the larger the seedling water quantity,the higher the soil water *** the same seedling water quantity,the soil water content of the high-frequency(HF)treatment becomes obviously *** soil conductivity of each treatment tends to decrease gradually with the increase of seedling water and drip frequency,among which the distribution of soil conductivity of S6 treatment is closest to that of *** the increase in soil depth,the soil conductivity tends to increase first and then *** with the low-frequency(LF)treatment,the high-frequency treatment shows a significantly deeper soil salt accumulation *** root length density(RLD)of cotton gradually increases with the amount of seedling water and the frequency of *** soil layer of root distribution gradually deepens with the amount of seedling water in the vertical direction,and the RLD value in the horizontal direction is significantly greater in the mulched area than that in the bare area between *** research can serve as a solid scientific foundation for the use of dry sowing and wet emergence techniques in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang.

关键词： cotton double film mulching dry sowing and wet germination moisture regulation water and salt distribution root distribution cotton double film mulching dry sowing and wet germination moisture regulation water and salt distribution root distribution

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Influence of Limited Soil on the root distribution and Anchorage of Vitex negundo L.

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 723-730页

作者： LONG Feng LI Shaocai SUN Hailong LI Chengjun College of Life Sciences Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Chengdu 61oo64China Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment Ministry of EducationChengdu 610064China

Field pull-out and laboratory tests were applied to investigate the effect of metal bolts and wire netting on plant root distribution and anchorage characteristics of 9-year-old Vitex negundo L. growing on a weakly weathered rocky slope (38°). root number, length and diameter were recorded and single root specimens were classified and tested for tensile strength. The results show that root anchorage is different between the two constructions by bolts and wire. Under limited soil condition, root anchorage ability is 80% lower than when there is sufficient soil due to the reduction of the diameter and number of all second-order lateral roots, as well as the reduction of the tensile strength of the embedded second-order and first-order lateral roots on limited soil. We conclude that the distribution and anchorage of Vitex negundo L. is affected by limited soil availability on rocky slopes.

关键词： Vitex negundo L. root distribution Ecological engineering Pull-out tests Rocky slope Tensile strength

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Fine root distribution Pattern of Different Aged Leucaena leucocephala Trees in Debris Flow Source Area in Jiangjia Gully, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 941-949页

作者： GUO Ling-hui WANG Dao-jie SUN Xiang-min CHEN Dong CHEN Xiao-yan Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fine root is critical to restrain soil erosion and its distribution pattern is of great influence on the restraining effects. This study studied the fine root biomass （Br） distribution of different aged Leucaena leucocephala （5, 10, 15 years） in debris flow source area in Jiangjia Gully by digging downward to the bottom at different distances to stem in three directions on slope. The results showed the Br increased dramatically by 143% from 5 years to lO years and then rose slowly by 38% from to years to 15 years. The Br of 5 years was significantly asymmetric between uphill and alonghill directions, but there was little difference among directions for other ages, and a concentration trend appeared to exist in downhill and alonghill directions. Moreover, fine root （D≤1 mm） was significantly heavier than that of fine root （1mm〈D〈2 ram）, playing a leading role in the vertical distribution of the whole fine root, with a logarithmic or an exponential function. The results presented may shed light on fine root distribution pattern and evaluation of its effect on slope stability in debris flow source area.

关键词： Leucaena leucocephala Jiangjia Gully Debris flow root distribution

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Vertical root distribution and root cohesion of typical tree species on the Loess Plateau, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第5期6卷 601-611页

作者： ChaoBo ZHANG LiHua CHEN Jing JIANG College of Water Resources Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Combating Desertification of Ministry of Education of China School ofWater and Soil Conservation Beijing Forestry University

Black locust（Robinia pseudoacacia L.） and Chinese pine（Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.） are two woody plants that are widely planted on the Loess Plateau for controlling soil erosion and land desertification. In this study, we conducted an excavation experiment in 2008 to investigate the overall vertical root distribution characteristics of black locust and Chinese pine. We also performed triaxial compression tests to evaluate the root cohesion（additional soil cohesion increased by roots） of black locust. Two types of root distribution, namely, vertical root（VR） and horizontal root（HR）, were used as samples and tested under four soil water content（SWC） conditions（12.7%, 15.0%, 18.0% and 20.0%, respectively）. Results showed that the root lengths of the two species were mainly concentrated in the root diameter of 5–20 mm. A comparison of root distribution between the two species indicated that the root length of black locust was significantly greater than that of Chinese pine in nearly all root diameters, although the black locust used in the comparison was 10 years younger than the Chinese pine. root biomass was also significantly greater in black locust than in Chinese pine, particularly in the root diameters of 3–5 and 5–10 mm. These two species were both found to be deep-rooted. The triaxial compression tests showed that root cohesion was greater in the VR samples than in the HR samples. SWC was negatively related to both soil shear strength and root cohesion. These results could provide useful information on the architectural characteristics of woody root system and expand the knowledge on shallow slope stabilization and soil erosion control by plant roots on the Loess Plateau.

关键词： root distribution root cohesion root extinction coefficient soil erosion soil reinforcement Loess Plateau

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Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on root distribution and yield of Chinese Jujube trees in Xinjiang

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第6期10卷 103-114页

作者： Liu Hongguang He Xinlin Li Jing Li Fadong Gong Ping Zhang Jie Yang Guang Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps College of Water Conservancy and Architectural EngineeringShihezi UniversityShihezi 832000China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Water and fertilizer are the two main factors which promote the rapid growth of Jujube(Ziziphus jujuba)*** of root systems and the nutrition-use efficiency of dense,dwarfed fruit trees are limited,especially in an extremely arid region with drip *** experiment was conducted in a 12-year-old dwarf jujube planting basement in Hami from 2013 to *** this experiment,root length density and root weight density were calculated and found to range from 75 cm to 275 cm in horizontal distance,and from 0 to 90 cm in vertical depth,treated with three drip irrigation quota gradients and three fertilizer rates with each treatment replicated three *** results showed that,as the amount of nitrogen applied increased gradually,the jujubes’growth amount increased,reaching a maximum when an optimal concentration was ***,the jujubes’growth was inhibited,and the growth declined when the amount of nitrogen applied was more than the optimal *** an appropriate level of nitrogen,the growth,yield and quality of jujube trees could be *** the rate of nitrogen application was lowered,the jujubes’growth would inhibit,and hence the yield wound be seriously *** optimal irrigation quota and fertilization amount were found to be 900 mm and 1500-1800 kg/hm^(2),*** research findings were of significance and hold great promise for the development of the forestry and fruit industries in the arid region of *** the same time,there was a further study on irrigation technique,focusing on the combined effect of the dwarfed-planting technique and drip irrigation on jujube trees;with this information,the application efficiency of water and fertilizer can be optimized,leading to higher profits and economic efficiency.

关键词： water-fertilizer coupling root distribution yield dense dwarf trees Ziziphus jujuba

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root distribution of three co-occurring desert shrubs and their physiological response to precipitation

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2009年第2期1卷 120-127页

作者： GuiQing Xu Yan Li Fukang Station of Desert Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Graduate School Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039China.

root distribution of three desert shrubs,Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.,Haloxylon ammodendron(***.) Bunge and Reaumuria soongorica(Pall.) *** investigated under co-occurring conditions using a method for excavating the whole root *** shoot water potential and transpiration rates were monitored during the wet-dry ***-specific apparent hydraulic conductance and the index of water stress impact for the three species were calculated from shoot water potential and transpiration *** results showed that,along the soil profile,the root system of *** mainly distributed at 50 to 310 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 30,249.2 cm2 per plant;the root system of *** distributed at 0 to 250 cm interval with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 12,847.3 cm2 per plant;the root system of *** distributed at 0-80 cm interval,with an average total absorbing root-surface area of 361.8 *** root distribution shows the following:*** uses groundwater as its main water source;*** uses both groundwater and rainwater;and *** uses rainwater *** the wet-dry cycle,the hydraulic parameters of *** showed no responses to *** responded most significantly,and the responses of *** were *** conclusion,the plant response to rain events is closely related to their root distribution and plant water-use strategy.

关键词： soil water content root distribution assimilation shoot water potential transpiration rate leaf-specific apparent hydraulic conductance

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Stability Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Linear Discrete System and root distribution Using Sign Criterion with Real Coefficients

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Circuits and Systems 2016年第3期7卷 100-109页

作者： Periyasamy Ramesh Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Anna University University College of Engineering Ramanathapuram Campus Ramanathapuram India

A new idea was proposed to find out the stability and root location of multi-dimensional linear time invariant discrete system (LTIDS) for real coefficient polynomials. For determining stability the sign criterion is synthesized from the Jury’s method for stability which is derived from the characteristic polynomial coefficients of the discrete system. The number of roots lying inside or outside the unit circle and hence on the unit circle is directly determined from the proposed single modified Jury tabulation and the sign criterion. The proposed scheme is simple and the examples are given to bring out the merits of the proposed scheme which is also applicable for the singular and non-singular cases.

关键词： root distribution Inside the Unit Circle Outside the Unit Circle Characteristics Polynomial Multi-Dimensional

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root Structure,distribution and Biomass in Five Multipurpose Tree Species of Western Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 519-525页

作者： Kartar Singh VERMA Sandeep KOHLI Rajesh KAUSHAL Om Parkash CHATURVEDI Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Plant Science Division Central Soil and Water Conservation Reserach & Training Institute

【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1The tree root distribution pattern and biomass of seventeen year old trees of Grewia optiva, Morus alba, Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and Robinia pseudoacacia were studied by excavation method. B. variegata roots penetrated to a maximum depth of 4.78 m, whereas, M. alba roots were found down to 1.48 m depth. Lateral spread was minimum in B. variegata （1.10 m）and maximum inR. pseudoacacia （7.33 m）. Maximum root biomass of 6.30 kg was found in R. pseudoacacia and minimum （2.43 kg） was found in M. alba. For four species viz.,G. optiva, M. alba, C. australis andR. pseudoacacia, 68%-87% root biomass occurred within top 0-30 cm soil depth, but forB. variegata this was only45%. The soil binding factor was maximum in G. optiva and minimum in B. variegata. Soil physico-chemical properties also showed wide variation. The study suggests thatB. variegata with a deep root system is the most suitable species for plantation under agroforestry systems. R. pseudoacacia and G. optiva with deep root systems, more lateral spread and high soil binding factor are suitable for plantation on degraded lands for soil conservation.

关键词： root categories root distribution root biomass Soil binding factor Soil conservation Nutrients

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Studies on the root Characteristics of Maize Varieties of Different Eras

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第3期12卷 426-435页

作者： ZHANG Feng-lu NIU Xing-kui ZHANG Yi-ming XIE Rui-zhi LIU Xin LI Shao-kun GAO Shi-ju Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences

Experiment was conducted at the Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Province, China, during 2009-2010. Six representative varieties of maize （Baihe in the 1950s, Jidan 101 in the 1960s, Zhongdan 2 in the 1970s, Yedan 13 in the 1980s, Zhengdan 958 in the 1990s, and Xianyu 335 in the 2000s） were each planted under two different densities （52 500 and 82 500 plants ha-~） and two different nitrogen application levels （150 and 300 kg ha-l）. root characteristics and distribution among soil layers were studied by the field root digging method. The results showed that root mass increased with the process of the growth and development of the plant, and it peaked at kernel filling stage, and decreased at maturity due to the root senesces. root mass of different maize varieties from the 1950s to 1980s had a trend of increase, while it decreased for the modern varieties. root length and root surface areas had the similar changing trend. The study suggested that early maize varieties may have root redundancy, and reducing root redundancy may be a direction for variety improvement for high yield. root characteristics were affected by nitrogen application level and density; modern varieties were more suitable for higher fertilizer application level and density conditions. root characteristics distribution among soil layers decreased by an exponent equation, but the regression coefficients of different varieties were different. Though the root length density （RLD） of every soil layer of different varieties also decreased by an exponent equation, there were large variations of RLD in every part of a layer.

关键词： maize root characteristics root distribution varieties of different eras density fertility

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What makes Haloxylon persicum grow on sand dunes while H. ammodendron grow on interdune lowlands: a proof from reciprocal transplant experiments

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第5期6卷 581-591页

作者： GuiQing XU DanDan YU JiangBo XIE LiSong TANG Yan LI State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of Sciences

Determining the mechanisms underlying the spatial distribution of plant species is one of the central themes in biogeography and ecology. However, we are still far from gaining a full understanding of the autecological processes needed to unravel species distribution patterns. In the current study, by comparing seedling recruitment, seedling morphological performance and biomass allocation of two Haloxylon species, we try to identify the causes of the dune/interdune distribution pattern of these two species. Our results show the soil on the dune had less nutrients but was less saline than that of the interdune; with prolonged summer drought, soil water availability was lower on the dune than on the interdune. Both species had higher densities of seedlings at every stage of recruitment in their native habitat than the adjacent habitat. The contrasting different adaptation to nutrients, salinity and soil water conditions in the seedling recruitment stage strongly determined the distribution patterns of the two species on the dune/interdune. Haloxylon persicum on the dunes had lower total dry biomass, shoot and root dry biomass, but allocated a higher percentage of its biomass to roots and possessed a higher specific root length and specific root area by phenotypic traits specialization than that of Haloxylon ammodendron on the interdune. All of these allowed H. persicum to be more adapted to water stress and nutrient shortage. The differences in morphology and allocation facilitated the ability of these two species to persist in their own environments.

关键词： Haloxylon seedling recruitment root distribution biomass allocation species distribution

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