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An Arabidopsis ABC Transporter Mediates Phosphate Deficiency-Induced Remodeling of root architecture by Modulating Iron Homeostasis in roots

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Molecular Plant 2017年第2期10卷 244-259页

作者： Jinsong Dong Miguel A. PiSeros Xiaoxuan Li Haibing Yang Yu Liu Angus S. Murphy Leon V. Kochian Dong Liu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Center for Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China USDA-ARS Robert Holley Center for Agriculture and Health Cornell University ithaca NY 14580 USA Department of Horticulture Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2010 USA State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Department of Plant Science and Landscape architecture University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA GIobal Institute for Food Security University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 4J8 Canada

The remodeling of root architecture is a major developmental response of plants to phosphate （Pi） deficiency and is thought to enhance a plant＇s ability to forage for the available Pi in topsoil. The underlying mechanism controlling this response, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, hps 10 （hypersensitive to Pi starvation 10）, which is morphologically normal under Pi sufficient condition but shows increased inhibition of primary root growth and enhanced production of lateral roots under Pi defi- ciency, hpslO is a previously identified allele （als3-3） of the ALUMINUM SENSITIVE3 （ALS3） gene, which is involved in plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Our results show that ALS3 and its interacting protein AtSTAR1 form an ABC transporter complex in the tonoplast. This protein complex mediates a highly electro- genic transport in Xenopus oocytes. Under Pi deficiency, als3 accumulates higher levels of Fe3＋ in its roots than the wild type does. In Arabidopsis, LPR1 （LOW PHOSPHATE root1） and LPR2 encode ferroxidases, which when mutated, reduce Fe3＋ accumulation in roots and cause root growth to be insensitive to Pi defi- ciency. Here, we provide compelling evidence showing that ALS3 cooperates with LPR1/2 to regulate Pi deficiency-induced remodeling of root architecture by modulating Fe homeostasis in roots.

关键词： phosphate deficiency root architecture iron homeostasis ABC transporter ALUMINUM SENSI-TIVE3 AtS TAR1

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Ecological adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica root system architecture to arid environments

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第2期6卷 150-158页

作者： LiShan Shan Yi Li DongMei Geng QiuLian Dong College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural University

The architectural parameters of Reaumuria soongorica root system in different habitats of Gansu Province, China were analyzed to examine its ecological adaptability to arid environments. Results show that：（1） Topological indices of R. Soongorica root sys- tem are small in all habitats, and root branching pattem tends to be dichotomous. Also, the indices gradually increase in the Min- qin windblown sand region and the Zhangye Gobi region in Hexi Corridor, which indicates that drought tends to produce her- ringbone-like root branching pattems. （2） Fractal dimension values ofR. Soongorica root system are small and not obvious in the Minqin windblown sand region and the Zhangye Gobi region in Hexi Corridor, with values of 1.1778 and 1.1169, respectively. Fractal dimension values are relatively large in Jiuzhoutai semi-arid hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, which indicates that the R. Soongorica root system has better fractal characteristics in this region than in the other regions. （3） Total branching ra- tios of the R. Soongorica root system in arid regions of Hexi Corridor are smaller than that in the Jiuzhoutai semi-arid hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau. This shows that root branching ability in the semi-arid region is stronger, and it decreases to some degree with increased drought. （4） The root connection lengths of R. soongorica root system are long in all habitats, but there are significant length differences between the different habitats. The root connection length at the Minqin windblown sand region is the longest. It is concluded that R. soongoriea adapts to arid environments by decreasing root branching, decreasing root overlap and increasing root connection length, which makes its root branching pattern tend to be herringbone-like to reduce com- petition in root internal environment for nutrients and to enhance root absorption rate of nutrients, and ensure effective nutrition space. Thus the roots can absorb enough water and nutrients in resource-poor settings to ensure normal phys

关键词： topological indices fractal dimension fractal abundance ecological adaptation root architecture

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Phosphate Availability Alters Lateral root Anatomy and root architecture of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. Seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第3期47卷 292-301页

作者： ChuWU XingWEI Hai-LongSUN Zheng-QuanWANG FacultyofForestResourcesandEnvironment NortheastForestryUniversityHarbin150040China FacultyofForestResourcesandEnvironment NortheastForestryUniversityHarbin150040China／／CollegeofHorticultureandGardeningYangtzeUniversityJingzhou434025China

Abstract: Plants have evolved some mechanisms to maximize the efficiency of phosphorus acquisition. Changes in root architecture are one such mechanism. When Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. seedlings were grown under conditions of low phosphorus availability, the length of cells in the meristem zone of the lateral roots was longer, but the length of cells in the elongation and mature zones of the lateral roots was shorter, compared with seedlings grown under conditions of high phosphorus availability. The elongation rates of primary roots increased as phosphorus availability increased, but the elongation rates of the branched zones of the primary roots decreased. The number of lateral root primordia and the length of the lateral roots decreased as phosphorus availability increased. The topological index (altitude slope) decreased as phosphorus availability increased, suggesting that root architecture tended to be herringbone-like when seedlings were grown under conditions of low phosphate availability. Herringbone-like root systems exploit nutrients more efficiently, but they have higher construction costs than root systems with a branching pattern.

关键词： Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr lateral root anatomy phosphate availability root architecture

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Melatonin regulates root architecture by modulating auxin response in rice

Melatonin regulates root architecture by modulating auxin re...

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中国生物工程学会第十一届学术年会暨2017年全国生物技...

作者： Chengzhen Liang Aifu Li Hua Yu Wenzhen Li Chengzhi Liang Sandui Guo Rui Zhang Chengcai Chu Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

It has been suggested that melatonin acts as an important regulator in controlling root growth and development, but the underlying molecular mechanism driving this relationship remains undetermined. In this study,we demonstrated that melatonin acts as a potent molecule to govern root architecture in rice. Treatments with melatonin significantly inhibited embryonic root growth, and promoted lateral root formation and development. Genome-wide expression profiling by RNA-sequencing revealed auxin-related genes were significantly activated under melatonin treatment. Moreover, several transcription factors and candidate cis-regulatory elements involved in root growth and developments, as well as auxin-related processes, were over-represented in both co-up and-down differentially expressed genes, suggesting that melatonin-mediated root growth occurs in an auxin signal pathway-dependent manner. Further,gravitropic response analysis determined that melatonin affects auxin-regulated processes in rice root. These data show that melatonin shapes root architecture by directly or indirectly activating the auxin signaling pathway.

关键词： root growth and development root architecture melatonin auxin transcriptome rice

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Ideotype root architecture for efficient nitrogen acquisition by maize in intensive cropping systems

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第12期53卷 1369-1373页

作者： MI GuoHua CHEN FanJun WU QiuPing LAI NingWei YUAN LiXing ZHANG FuSuo Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition MOAKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionMOECollege of Resources and Environmental ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers has contributed to the production of a food supply sufficient for both animals and humans despite some negative environmental impact.Sustaining food production by increasing N use efficiency in intensive cropping systems has become a major concern for scientists,environmental groups,and agricultural policymakers worldwide.In high-yielding maize systems the major method of N loss is nitrate leaching.In this review paper,the characteristic of nitrate movement in the soil,N uptake by maize as well as the regulation of root growth by soil N availability are discussed.We suggest that an ideotype root architecture for efficient N acquisition in maize should include(i) deeper roots with high activity that are able to uptake nitrate before it moves downward into deep soil;(ii) vigorous lateral root growth under high N input conditions so as to increase spatial N availability in the soil;and(iii) strong response of lateral root growth to localized nitrogen supply so as to utilize unevenly distributed nitrate especially under limited N conditions.

关键词： maize nitrogen use efficiency root architecture nitrate rhizosphere

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PuHox52 promotes coordinated uptake of nitrate,phosphate, and iron under nitrogen deficiency in Populus ussuriensis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第3期65卷 791-809页

作者： Ming Wei Mengqiu Zhang Jiali Sun Ying Zhao Solme Pak Miaomiao Ma Yingxi Chen Han Lu Jingli Yang Hairong Wei Yuhua Li Chenghao Li State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China College of Life Sciences Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichigan 49931USA Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration(Northeast Forestry University) Ministry of EducationHarbin 150040China

It is of great importance to better understand how trees regulate nitrogen(N) uptake under N deficiency conditions which severely challenge afforestation practices, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Here,we functionally characterized PuHox52, a Populus ussuriensis HD-ZIP transcription factor, whose overexpression greatly enhanced nutrient uptake and plant growth under N deficiency. We first conducted an RNA sequencing experiment to obtain root transcriptome using PuHox52-overexpression lines of P. ussuriensis under low N treatment. We then performed multiple genetic and phenotypic analyses to identify key target genes of PuHox52 and validated how they acted against N deficiency under PuHox52 regulation.PuHox52 was specifically induced in roots by N deficiency, and overexpression of PuHox52promoted N uptake, plant growth, and root development. We demonstrated that several nitrate-responsive genes(PuNRT1.1, PuNRT2.4,PuCLC-b, PuNIA2, PuNIR1, and PuNLP1),phosphate-responsive genes(PuPHL1A and PuPHL1B), and an iron transporter gene(PuIRT1) were substantiated to be direct targets of PuHox52. Among them, PuNRT1.1, PuPHL1A/B, and PuIRT1 were upregulated to relatively higher levels during PuHox52-mediated responses against N deficiency in PuHox52-overexpression lines compared to WT. Our study revealed a novel regulatory mechanism underlying root adaption to N deficiency where PuHox52 modulated a coordinated uptake of nitrate, phosphate, and iron through 'PuHox52-PuNRT1.1', 'PuHox52-PuPHL1A/PuPHL1B', and'PuHox52-PuIRT1' regulatory relationships in poplar roots.

关键词： HD-Zip transcription factor iron transport nitrate transport nitrogen deprivation phosphate absorption Populus ussuriensis root architecture target gene

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Brassinosteroids modulate nitrogen physiological response and promote nitrogen uptake in maize(Zea mays L.)

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 166-176页

作者： Jiapeng Xing Yubin Wang Qingqing Yao Yushi Zhang Mingcai Zhang Zhaohu Li State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Crop Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100ShandongChina

Brassinosteroids(BRs)are steroid hormones that function in plant growth and development and response to environmental stresses and nutrient supplies.However,few studies have investigated the effect of BRs in modulating the physiological response to nitrogen(N)supply in maize.In the present study,BR signalingdeficient mutant zmbri1-RNAi lines and exogenous application of 2,4-epibrassinolide(e BL)were used to study the role of BRs in the regulation of physiological response in maize seedlings supplied with N.Exogenous application of e BL increased primary root length and plant biomass,but zmbri1 plants showed shorter primary roots and less plant biomass than wild-type plants under low N(LN)and normal N(NN)conditions.LN induced the expression of the BR signaling-associated genes Zm DWF4,Zm CPD,Zm DET2,and Zm BZR1 and the production of longer primary roots than NN.Knockdown of Zm BRI1 weakened the biological effects of LN-induced primary root elongation.e BL treatment increased N accumulation in shoots and roots of maize seedlings exposed to LN or NN treatment.Correspondingly,zmbri1 plants showed lower N accumulation in shoots and roots than wild-type plants.Along with reduced N accumulation,zmbri1 plants showed lower NO3-fluxes and^(15)NO_(3)^(-)uptake.The expression of nitrate transporter(NRT)genes(Zm NPF6.4,Zm NPF6.6,Zm NRT2.1,Zm NRT2.2)was lower in zmbri1 than in wild-type roots,but e BL treatments up-regulated the transcript expression of NRT genes.Thus,BRs modulated N physiological response and regulated the transcript expression of NRT genes to promote N uptake in maize.

关键词： Brassinosteroids Nitrogen uptake Nitrate transporter gene root architecture Maize

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Quantifying relationships between rooting traits and water uptake under drought in Mediterranean barley and durum wheat

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 455-469页

作者： Pedro Carvalho Sayed Azam-Ali M.John Foulkes Division of Plant and Crop Sciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Jalan Broga Semenyih Selangor Darul

In Mediterranean regions drought is the major factor limiting spring barley and durum wheat grain yields. This study aimed to compare spring barley and durum wheat root and shoot responses to drought and quantify relationships between root traits and water uptake under terminal drought.One spring barley（Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Rum） and two durum wheat Mediterranean cultivars（Triticum turgidum L. var durum cvs Hourani and Karim） were examined in soil‐column experiments under well watered and drought conditions. root system architecture traits, water uptake, and plant growth were measured. Barley aerial biomass and grain yields were higher than for durum wheat cultivars in well watered conditions. Drought decreased grain yield more for barley（47%） than durum wheat（30%, Hourani）. root‐to‐shoot dry matter ratio increased for durum wheat under drought but not for barley, and root weight increased for wheat in response todrought but decreased for barley. The critical root length density（RLD） and root volume density（RVD） for 90% available water capture for wheat were similar to（cv. Hourani） or lower than（cv. Karim） for barley depending on wheat cultivar. For both species, RVD accounted for a slightly higher proportion of phenotypic variation in water uptake under drought than RLD.

关键词： Barley Mediterranean root architecture root length density root traits root volume density water wheat

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root distribution of three dominant desert shrubs and their water uptake dynamics

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第5期10卷 780-790页

作者： Shiqin Xu Xibin Ji Bowen Jin Jinglin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering College of Hydrology and Water ResourcesHohai University1 Xikang RoadGulou DistrictNanjing 210098China Linze Inland River Basin Research Station Laboratory of Inland River EcohydrologyCold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences320 Donggang West RoadChengguan DistrictLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19(A)Yuquan RoadShijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China

Aims root architecture is a crucial determinant in the water use of desert shrubs.However,lack of integrated research on the root functional type and water uptake dynamic hinders our current understanding of the water-use strategies of desert species.Methods A field experiment was conducted to investigate the root functional type of three dominant desert species,Haloxylon ammodendron,Nitraria tangutorum and Calligonum mongolicum,and the dynam-ics of their root water uptake.the stem sap flow and microclimate were monitored,and the intact root systems of these shrubs were excavated in their native habitats on the oasis-desert ecotone of northwestern china during the summer of 2014.Important Findings Based on root functional type,H.ammodendron is phreatophytic,while N.tangutorum and C.mongolicum are non-phreatophytic species,which means H.ammodendron can utilize multiple potential water sources,N.tangutorum and C.mongolicum mainly utilize shallow and middle soil water.the average root water uptake rates(RWU)of H.ammodendron,N.tangutorum and C.mongolicum were 0.56(±0.12),1.18(±0.19)and 1.31(±0.30)kg m^(−2)h^(−1),respectively,during the experimental period;the contributions of night-time RWU to total water uptake amount for the corresponding species were 12.7,2.9 and 10.6%,respec-tively.the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of RWU in the three species were significantly different(Proot distribution,which may alleviate water competition during long-term water shortages.H.ammodendron appears to be more drought tolerant than the other species due to its use of multiple water sources and stable water uptake rates during growing season.

关键词： root architecture stem sap flow water-use strategy arid region desert shrub

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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Salt Adaptation in roots of Contrasting Medicago truncatula Genotypes

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1068-1081页

作者： Ons Zahaf Sandrine Blanchet Axel de Zelicourt Benoit Alunni Julie Plet Carole Laffont Laura de Lorenzo Sandrine Imbeaud Jean-Laurent lchante Anouck Diet Mounawer Badri Ana Zabalza Esther M. Gonzalez Herve Delacroix Veronique Gruber Florian Frugier Martin Crespi Institut des Sciences du Vegetal (ISV) CNRS 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France Universite Paris Diderot Paris 7 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia Universidad de Sevilla 41012 Sevilla Spain Present address: Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB) CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain Centre de Genetique Moleculaire (CGM) CNRS Gif/Orsay DNA Microarray Platform (GODMAP) Universite Paris-Sud 11 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France Present address: Genomique Fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides INSERM IUH Universit~ Paris Descartes 75010 Paris France Laboratory of Legumes Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria BP 901 2050 Hammam-Lif Tunisia Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural Universidad P~blica de Navarra 31006 Pamplona Spain

Evolutionary diversity can be driven by the interaction of plants with different environments. Molecular bases involved in ecological adaptations to abiotic constraints can be explored using genomic tools. Legumes are major crops worldwide and soil salinity is a main stress affecting yield in these plants. We analyzed in the Medicago truncatula legume the root transcriptome of two genotypes having contrasting responses to salt stress： TN1.11, sampled in a salty Tunisian soil, and the reference Jemalong A17 genotype. TN1.11 plants show increased root growth under salt stress as well as a differential accumulation of sodium ions when compared to A17. Transcriptomic analysis revealed specific gene clusters preferentially regulated by salt in root apices of TN1.11, notably those related to the auxin pathway and to changes in histone variant isoforms. Many genes encoding transcription factors （TFs） were also differentially regulated between the two genotypes in response to salt. Among those selected for functional studies, overexpression in roots of the A17 ge- notype of the bHLH-type TF most differentially regulated between genotypes improved significantly root growth under salt stress. Despite the global complexity of the differential transcriptional responses, we propose that an increase in this bHLH TF expression may be linked to the adaptation of M. truncatula to saline soil environments.

关键词： root architecture abiotic stress legume transcriptome bHLH.

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