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Delaying application time of slow-release fertilizer increases soil rhizosphere nitrogen content,root activity,and grain yield of spring maize

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The Crop Journal 2022年第6期10卷 1798-1806页

作者： Guanghao Li Pengxiao Fu Guigen Cheng Weiping Lu Dalei Lu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina

Application of slow-release fertilizer(SF)is a nutrient-management measure aimed at improving maize nutrient use and yield and saving labor ***-time application of SF at sowing usually results in nutrient deficiency during the post-silking stage,owing to the long growth period of spring *** study was conducted to investigate the effects on spring maize of SF application stage(zero,three-,and six-leaf stages,designated as SF0,SF3,and SF6,respectively)on grain yield,total soil rhizosphere nitrogen(N)content,and root activity,in comparison with the conventional fertilization mode(CF,application of compound fertilizer at sowing time,and topdressing urea at six-leaf and tasseling stages)at the same fertilization level as the *** with no fertilization(F0)and CF,SF increased grain number and *** maize cultivars Suyu 30(SY30)and Jiangyu 877(JY877)produced the highest grain yield and net return under SF6 treatment over the three ***6 increased enzymatic activities including oxidoreductase,hydrolase,transferase,and lyase in rhizosphere soil at silking(R1)and milking stages(R3).SF6 increased the total N contents of rhizosphere soil by 7.1%at R1 and 9.2%R3 stages compared with *** activities of antioxidant enzymes in roots were increased under SF6 treatments at R1and *** mean root activities of SF0,SF3,and SF6 increased by 7.1%,12.8%,and 20.5%compared with CF at R1 and by 8.8%,13.0%,and 23.5%at *** the application time of SF could increase grain yield by increasing total N content of rhizosphere soil,delaying root senescence,and increasing root activity at the late reproductive *** SF at the six-leaf stage is recommended as an effective fertilization strategy for the sustainable production of spring maize in southern China.

关键词： Spring maize Slow-release fertilizer Fertilization stage root activity Grain yield

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Rice Grain Chalkiness Is Negatively Correlated with root activity During Grain Filling

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Rice science 2005年第3期12卷 192-196页

作者： ZHONG Xu-hua HUANG Nong-rong Rice Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China

Field and pot experiments were conducted using indica rice varieties with differential chalkiness. There were significant differences in root activity among the varieties. The percentages of chalky grains and chalky area were both negatively correlated with root activity expressed as α-naphthylamine oxidation ability （RA） per gram of fresh root （RAfw） , RA per spikelet （RAgrn）, or RA per sink capacity （RAsink）. The RAsink was more closely related to chalkiness than RAt, and RAgrn when varieties differed greatly in panicle size and grain weight. Application of NO3^--N fertilizer at heading resulted in higher root activity and reduced chalkiness. Application of 30 mg/L NaN3 （respiration inhibitor） resulted in reduced root activity and increased chalkiness for one variety ＇GD9501＇, but for the other variety ＇Qinluai＇ was in reverse. The percentages of chalky grains and chalky area were negatively correlated with root activity at 10 days after heading under different chemical treatments （r=-0.8567^＊ and r=-0.9211^＊＊, respectively）.

关键词： chalkiness root activity nitrate nitrogen sodium azide rice (Oryza sativa)

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Effect of Garlic Straw on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Continuous Cropping Soil and root activity of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2016年第6期17卷 1349-1354页

作者：刘素慧徐金强尉辉刘庆涛徐峥山东农业工程学院山东济南250100

Taking tomato ＂Kate two＂ as the experimental material, the effects of different dosage of garlic straw on physical and chemical characteristics of continuous cropping soil and root activity of tomato in solar greenhouse were studied. The results showed that after applying with garlic straw, maximal and minimal temperatures in 0-15 cm soil layers were directly proportional to the amount of returned garlic straw, which were 2.39 ℃ and 1℃ higher than that of the control respectively. The unit weight was decreasing upon the amount of applied garlic straws of soils in different depths, but the porosity of soil was increasing. For example, unit weight and porosity changed the most significantly in soils in the depths of 0-10 cm, which went down by 6.71% and 6.18%, respectively. Besides, garlic straw returning to field improved soil pH, reduced soil conductivity and soil acidification and relieved soil secondary salinization, especially in 0-20 cm soil layers. In addition to that, the application of garlic straw increased the root activity of tomato （max 31.45%）, and delayed root system senescence in late stage. Therefore, garlic straw returning could improve the physical and chemical characteristics of soil by succession planting and root activity of tomato in solar greenhouse.

关键词： Garlic Crop straw Tomato Physical and chemical characteristics root activity

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Characteristics of Retoon Rice Yield Components and Relationship of the Characteristics with Rate of Bud Emergence and root activity

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2013年第12期14卷 1733-1736页

作者：张林熊洪徐富贤郭晓艺朱永川刘茂四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所四川德阳618000

[Objective] The aim was to study on characteristics of retoon rice yield components, and relationship of the characteristics with born bud rate and root ac- tivity of retoon rice before harvesting. [Method] Eighteen mid-season hybrid rice va- rieties approved recently were taken as materials in high-yield cultivation conditions. Characteristics of retoon rice yield components were analyzed, and relationship of yield components characteristics with the rate of bud emergence and root activity of retoon rice before harvesting was explored, based on related data. [Result] Highly- yielding retoon rice is characterized by high effective ear number （Xl） and high set- ting percentage （X4）; the number of germinated shoots the 5^＊ d after first-batch rice was cut is a key factor for retoon rice yield and was of positive correlation with re- toon rice seedlings and effective ears, with correlation coefficients at 0.80^＊＊ and 0.76^＊＊. In addition, bleeding sap was of positive correlation with grain number and setting percentage of retoon rice and correlation coefficients were 0.50^＊ and 0.48^＊＊, and of positive correlation with average panicle weight, with correlation coefficient at 0.63. [Conclusion] It is an effective way for the rate of bud emergence and root activity at lar ecological zones. mproving retoon rice yield to increase harvesting in the test sites and simi lar ecological zones.

关键词： Retoon rice Characteristics of yield components Rate of bud emer-gence root activity

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Complex effects of different types of acid rain on root growth of Quercus acutissima and Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 51-64页

作者： Xin Liu Shilin Ma Zhaohui Jia Muhammad Ramzan Miaojing Meng Jinping Wang Chong Li Yinlong Zhang Jinchi Zhang Co‑Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological RestorationNanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Co‑Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China Nanjing Forestry University159 Longpan RoadNanjing 210037JiangsuChina

Background:Soil acidification caused by acid rain(AR)can damage plant roots,which in turn negatively impacts plant *** response to changing AR types,research efforts to elucidate their specific impacts on plants have become ***:For this study,we investigated the effects of simulated sulfuric,nitric,and mixed AR on the root systems of Quercus acutissima *** Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)*** different acidity ***:As the AR S/N ratio and pH decreased,the height growth rate(HGR),basal diameter growth rate(DGR),total root length(TRL)and total root surface area(TRS)of *** decreased,whereas the TRL and TRS of *** remained the *** the NO_(3)^(−)concentration in AR was increased,the root activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities of *** roots revealed a downward trend;however,the root activity of *** and the peroxidase(POD)activity of *** roots revealed an upward ***,redundant analysis and structural equation models indicated that AR pH had a greater impact on the HGR of *** than that of ***,while the impact of the AR S/N ratio on *** growth rates was greater than that of ***:Our results suggested that the root systems of different tree species had variable responses to AR,and the AR S/N ratio was an important factor affecting plant root *** might facilitate new strategies for the culti‑vation and protection of plantations in the future.

关键词： Sulfuric and nitric acid rain root growth root morphology root activity Antioxidant enzyme activity

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Microbial Biomass and PLFA Profile Changes in Rhizosphere of Pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.) as Affected by External Cadmium Loading

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 553-562页

作者： SHENTU Jia-Li HE Zhen-Li ZENG Yan-Yan HE Shan-Ying DU Shao-Ting SHEN Dong-Sheng College of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling Zhejiang Gongshang University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resources ScienceZhejiang University Institute of Food and Agricultural Science Indian River Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaFort PierceFL 34945(USA)

The effects of root activity on microbial response to cadmium(Cd) loading in the rhizosphere are not well understood.A pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to investigate the effects of low Cd loading and root activity on microbial biomass and community structure in the rhizosphere of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.) on silty clay loam and silt loamy *** was added into soil as Cd(NO_3)_2 to reach concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 7.00 mg kg^(-1).The microbial biomass carbon(MBC) and community structure were affected by Cd concentration,root activity,and soil *** Cd loading rates(activity enhanced the growth of microorganisms and stabilized the microbial community structure in the *** analysis was proven to be sensitive in detecting changes in the soil microbial community in response to Cd stress and root activity.

关键词： acidic soils metal bioavailability microbial community microorganism root activity

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Effects of root Pruning on Non-Hydraulic root-Sourced Signal, Drought Tolerance and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第6期12卷 989-998页

作者： MA Shou-chen LI Feng-min YANG Shen-jiao LI Chun-xi XU Bing-cheng ZHANG Xu-cheng State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Ministry of Water Resources/Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water in Dry Farming Gansu Province College of Life Science Henan Normal University

Two pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of root pruning at the stem elongation stage on non-hydraulic root-sourced signals （nHRS）, drought tolerance and water use efficiency of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum）. The root pruning significantly reduced the root weight of wheat, but had no effect on root/shoot ratio at the two tested stages. At booting stage, specific root respiration of root pruned plants was significantly higher than those with intact roots （1.06 and 0.94 mmol g-1 s-1, respectively）. The soil water content （SWC） at which nHRS for root pruned plants appeared was higher and terminated lower than for intact root plants, the threshold range of nHRS was markedly greater for root pruned plants （61.1-44.6% field water capacity） than for intact root plants （57.9-46.1% field water capacity）. At flowering stage, while there was no significant difference in specific root respiration. The SWCs at which nHRS appeared and terminated were both higher for root pruned plants than for intact root plants. The values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, i.e., the effective photosystem II quantum yield （F PS II ）, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II （F v /F m ）, coefficient of photochemical quenching （qP）, and coefficient of non-photochemical quenching （NPQ）, in root pruned plants were significantly higher than in intact root plants, 7 d after withholding of water. root pruned plants had significantly higher water use efficiency （WUE） than intact root plants in well-watered and medium drought soil, but not in severe drought condition. In addition, root pruning had no significant effect on grain yield in well-watered and medium drought soil, but significantly decreased grain yield in severe drought condition. In conclusion, the current study showed that root pruning significantly altered nHRS sensitivity and improved WUE of winter wheat in well-watered and medium drought soil, but lowered drought tolerance of winter wheat in severe drought soil

关键词： winter wheat root pruning non-hydraulic root-sourced signal (nHRS) root activity drought tolerance

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Grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and physiological performance of indica/japonica hybrid rice in response to various nitrogen rates

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 63-79页

作者： ZHOU Qun YUAN Rui ZHANG Wei-yang GU Jun-fei LIU Li-jun ZHANG Hao WANG Zhi-qin YANG Jian-chang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops College of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Utilizing the heterosis of indica/japonica hybrid rice(IJHR)is an effective way to further increase rice grain *** application of nitrogen(N)fertilizer plays a very important role in using the heterosis of IJHR to achieve its great yield ***,the responses of the grain yield and N utilization of IJHR to N application rates and the underlying physiological mechanism remain *** purpose of this study was to clarify these *** rice cultivars currently used in rice production,an IJHR cultivar Yongyou 2640(YY2640),a japonica cultivar Lianjing 7(LJ-7)and an indica cultivar Yangdao 6(YD-6),were grown in the field with six N rates(0,100,200,300,400,and 500 kg ha^(-1))in 2018 and *** results showed that with the increase in N application rates,the grain yield of each test cultivar increased at first and then decreased,and the highest grain yield was at the N rate of 400 kg ha^(-1)for YY2640,with a grain yield of 13.4 t ha^(-1),and at 300 kg ha^(-1)for LJ-7 and YD-6,with grain yields of 9.4–10.6 t ha^(-1).The grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE)of YY2640 were higher than those of LJ-7 or YD-6 at the same N rate,especially at the higher N *** compared with LJ-7 or YD-6,YY2640 exhibited better physiological traits,including greater root oxidation activity and leaf photosynthetic rate,higher cytokinin content in the roots and leaves,and more remobilization of assimilates from the stem to the grain during grain *** results suggest that IJHR could attain both higher grain yield and higher NUE than inbred rice at either low or high N application *** shoot and root traits of the IJHR contribute to its higher grain yield and NUE,and a higher content of cytokinins in the IJHR plants plays a vital role in their responses to N application rates and also benefits other physiological processes.

关键词： indica/japonica hybrid rice grain yield nitrogen use efficiency cytokinins non-structural carbohydrate root activity

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Water Management for Improvement of Rice Yield,Appearance Quality and Palatability with High Temperature During Ripening Period

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Rice science 2021年第4期28卷 409-416,I0038页

作者： Yuji Matsue Katsuya Takasaki Jun Abe Global Innovation Center Kyushu UniversityMinami-kuFukuoka 815-8540Japan AGL Co LtdAsoKumamoto 869-2225Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tokai UniversityHigashi-kuKumamoto 862-8652Japan

To clarify the optimal water management in large-scale fields under high temperatures at the ripening period,effective water managements during this period for improvement of yield,appearance quality and palatability were *** with intermittent irrigation and flooded irrigation,the soil temperature with saturated irrigation remained low throughout the day,and the decrease rate of the bleeding rate of hills was the *** results suggested that the saturated irrigation maintained root *** the three irrigation types,the number of spikelets per m2 and 1000-grain weight were similar,however,saturated irrigation resulted in significantly higher rice yield due to improvement in the percentage of ripened *** saturated irrigation produced a high percentage of perfect rice grains and thicker brown rice grain,furthermore,the palatability of cooked rice was excellent because protein content and hardness/adhesion ratio were both ***,under high-temperature ripening conditions,soil temperature was lowered and root activity was maintained when applying saturated irrigation after heading *** results indicated that saturated irrigation is an effective countermeasure against high-temperature ripening damage.

关键词： appearance quality root activity high-temperature ripening damage palatability saturated irrigation soil temperature water management rice yield intermittent irrigation flooded irrigation

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Higher Chilling-Tolerance of Grafted-Cucumber Seedling Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第5期7卷 570-576页

作者： LI Jian-yong TIAN Hai-xia LI Xin-guo MENG Jing-jing HE Qi-wei Horticutural College Shandong Agricultural University Tai＇an 271018 P.R.China High-Tech Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinan 250100 P.R.China Jinan Entry-Exit Inspection Quarantine Bureau of the People＇s Republic of China Jinan 250100 P.R.China

The roots of figleaf gourd （Cucurbita ficifolia, as rootstock） could improve the resistance of cucumber plants （Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinyan 4, as scion） to low temperature. In this experiment, the root activity and photosynthetic activity of photosystems in the own-rooted and grafted-cucumber plants were studied at chilling temperature （4℃） under low irradiance （100 μmol m^2 s^-1 PFD）. Compared with dark adaptation seedlings, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve and the oxidizable P700 （P700＋） of both the own-rooted and grafted seedlings decreased, and PS2 and PS1 of the own-rooted seedling leaves were more inhibited than that of grafted ones at the end of chilling stress. The reduced triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）, which was used to reflect the root activity, kept stable in grafted seedling roots at the end of chilling stress, while it decreased noticeably in the own-rooted seedling roots. These results implied that the root system activity of the grafted seedling roots was higher than that of the own-rooted ones. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was higher in both the grafted seedling roots and leaves than that in own-rooted seedlings at both room temperature and chilling temperature. Upon exposure to chilling stress, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content, which reflects the degree of lipid peroxidation, increased markedly in the own-rooted seedling roots and leaves and kept stable in the grafted-cucumber seedlings.

关键词： cucumber graft chilling stress photoinhibition root activity

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