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Nitrogen deficiency-induced decrease in cytokinins content promotes rice seminal root growth by promoting root meristem cell proliferation and cell elongation

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The YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 Cascade Functions Downstream of the RGF1-RGI Ligand-Receptor Pair in Regulating Mitotic Activity in root Apical meristem

第十九届中国作物学会学术年会

作者： Yanchun Zhu Qi Wang Xiao Zou Yongjun Lin 尹昌喜 College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the *** the past 50 years,rice yield has steadily increased worldwide,partly owing to an increase in nitrogen (N) ***,at present,the average recovery efficiency of N fertilizer is only 33%at the field *** N input and low N use efficiency not only increase crop production costs but also cause severe environmental ***,decreasing N application is an important goal of sustainable ***,decreasing N application may lead to N deficiency and affect rice root growth,and the underlying mechanism by which N deficiency affects rice root growth is still poorly *** growth is influenced by several external and internal factors,including N availability and phytohormone *** evidences suggest that both N and cytokinin (CK) are involved in mediating root growth,however,the interaction mechanism between N and CK underlying this developmental plasticity is still poorly *** rice Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L.)was used in this *** seeds were sterilized,soaked and germinated,then the germinated rice seeds were grown in an artificial climate incubator with a 12-h light (29℃)/12-h dark (26℃) *** this study,the influence of N deficiency on CK metabolism in rice seminal roots was ***,the mechanism by which N and CK interact to regulate rice seminal root growth was *** results demonstrate that N deficiency reduces CK content by inhibiting CK biosynthesis and promoting CK degradation through down-regulation of CK biosynthesis genes and up-regulation of CK degradation genes,***,our results indicate that the N deficiency-induced decrease in CK content promotes rice seminal root growth not only by enhancing root meristem cell proliferation rate through increased root meristem cell number,but also by promoting root cell elongation through up-regulation of root-specific Os

关键词： cell elongation cell proliferation cytokinin nitrogen deficiency root meristem seminal root growth

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1608-1623页

作者： Yiming Shao Xinxing Yu Xuwen Xu Yong Li Wenxin Yuan Yan Xu Chuanzao Mao Shuqun Zhang Juan Xu State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Division of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

The mitotic activity of root apical meristem(RAM)is critical to primary root growth and *** studies have identified the roles of root GROWTH FACTOR 1(RGF1),a peptide ligand,and its receptors,RGF1 INSENSITIVEs(RGIs),a clade of five leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases,in promoting cell division in the RAM,which determines the primary root ***,the downstream signaling components remain *** this study,we identify a complete mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK or MPK)cascade,composed of YDA,MKK4/MKK5,and MPK3/MPK6,that functions downstream of the RGF1-RGI ligand-receptor *** to the rgi1/2/3/4/5 quintuple mutant,loss-of-function mutants of MPK3 and MPK6,MKK4 and MKK5,or YDA show a short-root phenotype,which is associated with reduced mitotic activity and lower expression of PLETHORA 1(PLT1)/PLT2 in the ***,MPK3/MPK6 activation in response to exogenous RGF1 treatment is impaired in the rgi1/2/3/4/5 quintuple,yda single,and mkk4 m kk5 double *** analyses demonstrated that the expression of constitutively active MKK4,MKK5,or YDA driven by the RGI2 promoter can rescue the short-root phenotype of the rgi1/2/3/4/5 *** together,these results suggest that the YDA-MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 cascade functions downstream of the RGF1-RGI ligand-receptor pair and upstream of PLT1/PLT2 to modulate the stem cell population and primary root growth in Arabidopsis.

关键词： root meristem MPK3/MPK6 RGF1-RGIs PLT1/PLT2 signaling pathway Arabidopsis

Brassinosteroids Regulate root Growth, Development, and Symbiosis

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Molecular Plant 2016年第1期9卷 86-100页

作者： Zhuoyun Wei Jia Li Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Brassinosteroids （BRs） are natural plant hormones critical for growth and development. BR-deficient or signaling mutants show significantly shortened root phenotypes. But for a long time, it was thought that these phenotypes were solely caused by reduced root cell elongation in the mutants. Functions of BRs in regulating root development have been largely neglected. Recent detailed analyses, however, revealed that BRs are not only involved in root cell elongation but are also involved in many aspects of root development, such as maintenance of meristem size, root hair formation, lateral root initiation, gravitropic response, mycorrhiza formation, and nodulation in legume species. In this review, current findings on the functions of BRs in mediating root growth, development, and symbiosis are discussed.

关键词： brassinosteroids root meristem root hair lateral root development gravitropic response symbiosis

AtFH8 Is Involved in root Development under Effect of Low-Dose Latrunculin B in Dividing Cells

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Molecular Plant 2011年第2期4卷 264-278页

作者： Xiu-Hua Xue Chun-Qing Guo Fei Du Quan-Long Lu Chuan-Mao Zhang Hai-Yun Ren Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciencer Beijing Normal Universityl Beijing 100875China The Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Ministry of Education and the State Key Laboratory of Bio-Membrane and Membrane Bio-Engineering College of Life Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Formins have been paid much attention for their potent nucleating activity. However, the connection between the in vivo functions of AtFHs （Arabidopsis thaliana formin homologs） and their effects on actin organization is poorly understood, in this study, we characterized the bundling activity of AtFH8 in vitro and in vivo. Biochemical analysis showed that AtFH8（FH1FH2） could form dimers and bundle preformed actin filaments or induce stellar structures during actin polymerization. Expression of truncated forms of AtFH8 and immunolocalization analysis showed that AtFH8 localized primarily to nuclear envelope in interphase and to the new cell wall after cytokinesis, depending primarily on its N-terminal transmembrane domain. GUS histochemical staining showed AtFH8 was predominantly expressed in Arabidopsis root meristem, vasculature, and outgrowth points of lateral roots. The primary root growth and lateral root initiation of atfh8 could be decreased by latrunculin B （LatB）. Analysis of the number of dividing cells in Arabidopsis root tips showed that much fewer dividing cells in Lat B-treated atfh8 plants than wild-type plants, which indicates that AtFH8 was involved in cell division. Actin cytoskeleton in root meristem of atfh8-1 was more sensitive to LatB treatment than that of wild-type. Altogether, our results indicate that AtFH8 is an actin filament nucleator and bundler that functions in cell division and root development.

关键词： Actin binding protein formin cell division root meristem lateral root initiation actin nucleator and bundler.

Auxin-Cytokinin Interaction Regulates meristem Development

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 616-625页

作者： Ying-Hua Su Yu-Bo Liu Xian-Sheng Zhang State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong 271018 China

Plant hormones regulate many aspects of plant growth and development. Both auxin and cytokinin have been known for a long time to act either synergistically or antagonistically to control several significant developmental processes, such as the formation and maintenance of meristem. Over the past few years, exciting progress has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the auxin-cytokinin action and interaction. In this review, we shall briefly discuss the major progress made in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis, auxin transport, and auxin and cytokinin signaling. The frameworks for the complicated interaction of these two hormones in the control of shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem formation as well as their roles in in vitro organ regeneration are the major focus of this review.

关键词： Auxin cytokinin interaction shoot meristem root meristem development.