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rockfall hazard assessment in a natural and historical site: The case of ancient Kilistra settlement(Konya), Turkey

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 151-166页

作者： Ali BOZDAĞ Department of Geological Engineering Konya Technical UniversityKonya 42250Turkey

The ancient Kilistra settlement is a natural,historical and cultural heritage site in Central Anatolia(Turkey), which makes it an attractive destination for tourists. However, the settlement located on a hill with steep hillsides has suffered from rockfall events,causing the destruction of some historical *** rockfall risk in the region continues to create a serious danger today for land users and visitors during uncontrolled tourist visits. This paper offers an assessment of rockfall hazard for the ancient Kilistra settlement based on experimental investigation and numerical analyses. For the study, comprehensive field studies were carried out, including the identification of slope profiles, scanline surveys on discontinuities and stability analysis of the slopes. The location and size of the fallen, detached and hanging blocks were also identified. Geomechanical properties of the geological units were determined, and also the rockfall risk rating method was applied for the evaluation of the rockfall hazard risk. Runout distance, bounce height, kinetic energy as well as the velocity of the detached and hanging blocks were determined by using twodimensional rockfall analyses. Based on the results from the rockfall analyses, possible rockfall-based danger zones have been defined for the ancient Kilistra settlement and its close vicinity. The results of this study point at an immediate necessity for the installation of support systems. Findings of the study also offer preliminary data for the description of risk administration strategies and also provide scientific contribution to the study of the hazard and risk resulting from rockfall phenomena.

关键词： rockfall risk rockfall hazard rockfall danger zone Discontinuity Ancient Kilistra settlement rockfall risk rating method

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rockfall hazard Alarm Strategy Based on FBG Smart Passive Net Structure

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Photonic Sensors 2015年第1期5卷 19-23页

作者： Sheng LI Junjie MA Jun HU National Engineering Laboratory for Fiber Optic Sensing Technology Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Wuhan WUTOS Limited Company Wuhan 430223 China Key Laboratory of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Information Processing Ministry of Education WuhanUniversity of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

In order to realize working state remote monitoring for a passive net, alarm timely and correctly for the rockfall invasion, and solve the disadvantages in the existing means, such as needing power supply in situ, vulnerability to electromagnetic interference and environmental climate impact, a smart passive net structure based on the optical fiber sensing technology was designed which equipped with intercepting and sensing functions. The wire rope net as one part of the smart passive net was weaved with two kinds of optical fiber sensing elements, namely, fiber Bragg grating （FBG） perimeter severity sensors and optical fiber monitoring net with each end of the tail fiber containing an FBG probe. Based on the proposed smart structure, a combination alarm strategy for rockfall was proposed, which can distinguish transmission bug, whether the rockfall invasion or net broken occurs. Through a designed simulation test, the effectiveness of the proposed alarm strategy was certificated.

关键词： Passive net rockfall hazard fiber Bragg grating disaster alarm strategy tunnel portal

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rockfall hazard Analyses and rockfall Protection along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第3期6卷 344-355页

作者： Zeljko Arbanas Mirko Grosic Dalibor Udovic Snjezana Mihalie Department of Hydrotechnics and Geotechnics Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Rijeka Rijeka (RI) 51000 Croatia Geotech Ltd. Rijeka (RI) 51000 Croatia Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum Engineering University of ZagrebZagreb (ZG) 10000 Croatia

During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along the limestone slopes were caused by unfavorable characteristics of the rock mass, weathering in combination with heavy rainfall and artificial influences during highway construction. rockfall protection projects were conducted to protect human lives and facilities from future rockfalls. The rockfall protection program started with rockfall hazard analyses to identify the potential of rockfalls to occur and the potential consequences. At the locations of hazards where related risks were determined, detailed field investigations were conducted. Based on the indentified characteristics of potentially unstable rock masses, analyses of movement and resulting pathways were conducted. The trajectories, impact energy and the height of bouncing are dependent on slope geometry, slope surface roughness and rockfall block characteristics. Two protection measure approaches were adopted： prevention of rockfalls by removing potentially unstable rock mass or installation of rock mass support systems and suspending running rockfall masses with rockfall protection barriers. In this paper, rockfall hazard determination, rockfall analyses and rockfall protection designs for rockfall protection systems at selected locations on the limestone slopes along the Adriatic coast of Croatia are presented.

关键词： rockfall rockfall hazard rockfall hazard analyses rockfall protection measures rockfall protection barriers rock masss upport.

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Field investigation and rockfall hazard zonation at the Shijing Mountains Sutra caves cultural heritage (China)

Field investigation and rockfall hazard zonation at the Shij...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2012年度（第12届）学术年会

作者： Xueliang Wang Luqing Zhang Sijing Wang Federico Agliardi Paolo Frattini Giovanni B.Crosta Zhifa Yang Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie University of Milano-BicoccaMilanItaly

Sutra inscriptions have been a main means for Buddhistic monks to pass on their *** Sutra caves used to store about 5,000 Pleromas carved during the Sui Dynasty of China,more than 1,000 years ago,were found in the Shijing Mountains close to *** Sutra caves area have been affected by past failures and are subject to serious potential rockfall hazard from the relatively low rocky cliffs where caves are *** aim of this study was a preliminary assessment of rockfall hazard for this cultural heritage site to support the design of safe tourist *** slope geometry has been surveyed by means of a laser *** slope profiles have been used for two-dimensional distinct elements and rockfall *** volumes of more probably unstable rock blocks were measured in *** results show that the runout distance ranges between 1.6 and 12.5 m affecting the most important tour *** rockfalls threaten the life safety of tourists walking around and waiting for visiting the Sutra *** on the analysis mentioned above,a zonation map of runout distance was *** the map,the range between the release points of the potential rockfalls and the minimum runout distance is defined as the most dangerous *** range between the maximum and the minimum runout distance is defined as danger *** range beyond the runout distance is defined as a safe zone. The map provides the guidance to the selection of safe tour routes at the scenic ***,to reduce the rockfall hazard,remedial measures including rock bolts,placement of an absorbing layer of loose material and flexible barriers are suggested.

关键词： Cultural heritage rockfall hazard Zonation simulation Sutra cave China

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An application of the rock engineering system(RES) methodology to rockfall hazard assessment on the Chengdu-Lhasa Highway,China

An application of the rock engineering system(RES) methodolo...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2004学术年会

作者： L.Q.Zhang~*,Z.F.Yang,Q.L.Liao,J.Chen Chinese Academy of Sciences.Institute of Geology and Geophysics.Beijing.PR China

The purpose of this paper is to present an application of the rock engineering system(RES) methodology in hazard assessment of rockfalls occurred along a 430 km long section of the Chengdu-Lhasa *** within the suture zone created by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates,rockfall hazard analysis is complicated by extensive distribution of dangerous blocks and boulders,lack of field data,complex geological structure,difficult site conditions and the high number of interactive factors.A comprehensive approach is developed for evaluating rockfall hazards in the complex environments,which allows the utilization of all the knowledge about intensity,frequency and hazards of *** on the objective of rockfall hazard assessment,factors relevant to rockfall intensity are selected to be block geometry,block strength,slope geometry,slope materials. vegetation,motion modes,coefficient of restitution,resistance coefficient,possible velocity and maximum travel distance of rockfalls,and factors affecting rockfall frequency are reduced to number of blocks,block stability,triggering events of rockfalls,and rockfall history. To evaluate interactions of parameters influencing rockfall intensity or rockfall frequency,two interaction matrices are established by placing the chosen parameters in the leading diagonal of a square matrix and considering parameter interactions in the offdiagonal boxes of the *** weighting,classification and rating of those parameters,the rockfall intensity index RⅡand rockfall frequency index RFI for 19 slopes are computed,and the rockfall hazard index RHI obtained by the product of RII and RFI(see Fig.I).Then the rockfall hazards of the 19 slopes are classified and ordered in terms of the magnitudes of RHI,which provides a scientific basis for optimization of mitigation costs. This application indicates that the RES methodology can be used to analyze the interaction mechanism of numerous parameters sensitive

关键词： rockfalls rockfall hazard Intensity Frequency Interaction matrix and hazard assessment

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Integrated hazard assessment of rockfall incidents in the Cap Aokas Cliff Region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1916-1929页

作者： Zohra LADJEL Farid ZAHRI Riheb HADJI Younes HAMED Karim ZIGHMI Kaddour BENMARCE Department of Earth Sciences Institute of Architecture and Earth SciencesFerhat Abbas UniversitySetif 19137Algeria Unit of Emerging Materials Research Ferhat Abbes UniversitySétif 19137Algeria Laboratory of Applied Research in Engineering Geology GeotechnicsWater Sciencesand EnvironmentFerhat Abbas UniversitySetif 19137Algeria International Association of Water Resources in the Southern Mediterranean Basin Gafsa 2112Tunisia Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GafsaGafsa 2112Tunisia

Rock fall accidents in mountainous cliff areas have significant consequences for human life and *** study aimed to evaluate the rockfall hazard in the Cap Aokas cliff region located along the northeast coast of Algeria by identifying the key factors contributing to rockfall *** employed a combination of kinematic analysis,Matterocking method,and 3D trajectory simulations to determine zones that are susceptible to rockfall *** using a probabilistic and structural approach in conjunction with photogrammetry,we identified the controlling *** kinematic analysis revealed the presence of five discontinuity families,which indicated both plane and wedge failure *** 3D trajectory simulations demonstrated that the falling blocks followed the stream *** then validated the susceptibility maps generated from the analysis using aerial photos and historical rockfall *** findings of this study enhance our understanding of rockfall phenomena and provide valuable insights for the development of effective strategies to mitigate rockfall hazards.

关键词： Trajectory simulations Probabilistic analysis Structural approach rockfall hazard Cap Aokas cliff

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