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Impacts of reducing air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions in urban road transport through 2035 in Chongqing, China

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2021年第4期8卷 55-66页

作者： Linfeng Duan Wei Hu Di Deng Weikai Fang Min Xiong Peili Lu Zhenliang Li Chongzhi Zhai Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment Ministry of EducationChongqing UniversityChongqing400045PR China Department of Environmental Science College of Environment and EcologyChongqing UniversityChongqing400045PR China Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Science Chongqing401147PR China

The road transport sector in megacities is confronted with pressing local air pollution and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))control issues.To determine effective policy instruments for saving energy and the co-control of air pollutants and CO_(2),several mainstream measures were examined and compared in Chongqing's road transport sector from 2017 to 2035.An integration assessment framework was developed by combining the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning(LEAP)system and a set of quantitative methods for evaluating the co-benefits of emission reductions(including the air pollutant equivalent(APeq),cocontrol coordinate system,and pollutant reduction cross-elasticity(Elsa/b)).Results showed that the shifting transportation modes scenario presented the most significant potential for energy-saving and emission reductions,reducing energy use by 30.9%and air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions by approximately 27e32%compared with the business as usual(BAU)scenario in 2035.The improving energy efficiency scenario also provided significant co-benefits for reducing air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions.Nevertheless,the promoting alternative fuel scenario may increase fine particulate matter(PM2.5)emissions by 2.2%compared to BAU in 2035 under the cleanness of regional electricity in 2017.Our findings suggest that the shifting transportation modes were effective measures to reduce air pollutants and CO_(2) in the short term synergistically,and highlighted the importance of cleaner electricity generation to develop electric vehicles in the medium and long term.

关键词： Co-benefits Air pollutants Carbon dioxide Energy consumption road transport

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road transport and urban air quality in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1999年第3期11卷 350-354页

作者： Shen Dixin, Zhuang Yahui, Fan Xiuying, Chen Hongde, Tian Qun,Zhang Wei, Han Shenghui Research Center for EcoEnvironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 中科院生态环境研究中心北京 100085 中科院生态环境研究中心北京

This paper takes a comprehensive view at transportationrelated air pollution problems and solution options. 　While the transport infrastructure in major Chinese cities is　briefed, the environmental impacts of transport activities on urban　air quality are discussed in detail. Not only the contribution of　automotive emissions to the CO, NMHC and NO\-x pollution in urban　areas is reviewed, but also concerns over the carcinogenic　emissions, lead deposition and noise are presented. From a　lifecycle view point, the impacts of motorway construction, as　　well as those from scrapped cars, car batteries and old tires in　China have been taken into account. 　 In the second part of this paper, the current technical efforts to curb vehicular emissions are evaluated. The performances of unleaded petrol, domestic catalytic converters, and fuel injection systems have been assessed. Options of cleaner alternative fuels and “green” vehicles are discussed, with both the life-cycle impacts and economic feasibility emphasized. Policy and management aspects for effective pollution control are tackled. In particular, speculations about potential economic incentives and legislative measures for vehicular pollution control are presented.

关键词： road transport urban air quality vehicular emission.

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Measurements of Laminar Burning Velocities of Alternative Fuels:Application in transport and Aerospace

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第2期32卷 503-512页

作者： RICHTER Sandra BRAUN-UNKHOFF Marina NAUMANN Clemens German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Combustion TechnologyDepartment of Chemical Kinetics and AnalyticsStuttgart 70569Germany

The laminar burning velocity belongs to the fundamental combustion properties of fuels being a measure for their heat release,flame length,as well as reactivity and combustion stability,and thus,may impact the design of burners and combustion chambers.Also,these experimental data are needed for the validation and optimization within the construction and development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms.Within this study,an overview of the different applications of fuel characterization regarding the specific area of interest(road transport,aviation,and aerospace)will be given.Depending on the application,effects of different molecular characteristics on the laminar burning velocity are evaluated:the presence of oxygen atoms and the grade of branching in a specific fuel molecule as well as the difference in the type of a chemical bond,here,single and double bonds.Examples of alternative fuels being discussed in the present study are:(Ⅰ)oxymethylene ether(OMEn)in the field of road transport;(Ⅱ)a paraffinic Alcohol-to-Jet fuel as sustainable aviation fuel;and(Ⅲ)mixtures of ethane or ethene with nitrous oxide as green propellants for rocket propulsion applications.

关键词： laminar burning velocity alternative sustainable fuels road transport aviation fuels green propellants

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Atmosphere of Accidents along the Douala-Yaounde National road in Cameroon: Hoofmarks, Drivers, Challenges and Proactive Options

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Journal of transportation Technologies 2022年第3期12卷 323-345页

作者： Nnecdem Padison Ojuku Tiafack Geography FALSS University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Geography University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

road transport and safety is a thorny problem in the world today following the occurrence, recrudescence and outcomes of accidents in our society. These accidents are a public health hazard and vector of underdevelopment in developing countries amongst which is Cameroon. According to the World Health Organisation, road accidents ranked 3rd in position among the leading causes of mortality in the world and caused approximately 1.2 million deaths with 50 million people injured worldwide. The frequency of accidents along National road 3 linking Douala (the economic hub of the CEMAC region) and Yaounde (the political Capital of Cameroon) remains a thorny problem. This is because 50 % of accidents in the Southern part of Cameroon occur along this stretch of the triangle of death necessitating sustainable strategies to effectively curb the situation. Efforts both structural and non-structural have been put in place over decades by the Cameroon government, civil society organisations, Non-Governmental Organisations, local communities, and other actors to contain the situation without success. This is because the measures often target road users, the state of vehicles and repair of existing roads. Along National road 3, the poor state of the road in combination with other risk factors has been identified as prime factors that sustain accidents. This paper argues that the frequency of accidents is high, impacts on man and property enormous and the solutions to solve the problem ineffective. The methodology used for data production exploits primary and secondary sources of data from works on road transport in Cameroon, Africa and the world to assess the dynamics, outcomes, challenges and options for road accidents control on the study site. These sources integrate field surveys, administration of questionnaires, literature review and grey data sources for their findings. The results show that until recent on some roads little attention has been paid on proactive solutions visible in other countries to combat roa

关键词： Accidents Douala-Yaounde National 3 Highway Opportunities road transport

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The Problem of Overloaded Vehicles in Poland

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2022年第12期16卷 611-618页

作者： MichałKarkowski road and Bridge Research Institute Poland

The international and national forecasts road transport development is optimistic,and they should promote implementations of innovations in road infrastructure.The producers of heavy vehicles and their users aim to increase total vehicle weights and axle loads.International organizations:the Joint transport Research Committee(JTRC)and the Forum of National Highway Research Laboratories(FEHRL)study the influence of increased loads on road infrastructure and define the directions of innovative solutions for trucks and the road infrastructure.The number of registered vehicles has been growing in Poland.The reliable part of heavy vehicles is overloaded and they cause considerable damage to roads and influence traffic safety.The degradation of roads results from unacceptable axle loads and the total mass of heavy vehicles.It is necessary to introduce the weigh-in-motion system in Poland for pre-selective weighing of vehicles.The system will measure axle loads,number of axles,vehicle length and calculate its mass without stopping.For the identification of vehicles,the intelligent system ISKIP may be used,developed by the road and Bridge Research Institute.The weigh-in-motion system is under implementation in Poland.

关键词： road transport infrastructure traffic safety

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Analysis of the Relationship Between Railway and Highway transportation and China's Economic Development

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Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 2021年第2期4卷 43-46页

作者： Shibo Ma School of Economics and Management Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China

China has a vast land area and frequent interconnections between various regions.China's transportation industry is faced with tremendous pressure.This article combines China’s railway and highway transportation conditions to predict China’s economic development,uses stepwise regression to screen explanatory variables,and finally determines railway passenger turnover,road freight volume and passenger car ownership as the explanatory variables,and GDP as the dependent variable,and also analyzes China’s economic development by establish ing a multiple regression model.

关键词： Rail transport road transport Multiple linear regression model Stepwise regression

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