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Geological structure and dynamic mechanism of the Termit rift basin in West African rift system

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第6期49卷 1339-1350页

作者： WANG Tao YUAN Shengqiang LI Chuanxin MAO Fengjun PANG Sichen JIANG Hong ZHENG Fengyun School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China

Based on seismic and drilling data in the study area,the geological structure and kinematic process of the Termit rift basin were studied using seismic profile interpretation and balanced restoration to find out the dynamic mechanism of the basin.(1)The geological structure of the Termit basin is represented as a narrow rift basin,with development of series of structural styles in extensional,extensional strike-slip and compressional stress setting.On plane,it is narrow in the north and wide in the south,and transitions from graben to half-graben from north to south;it features a graben controlled by the boundary faults in the north and a fault-overlapped half-graben in the south.(2)Before the Cretaceous,a series of hidden faults developed in the West African rift system,which laid the foundation for the development location and distribution direction of the Termit basin;during the Cretaceous to Paleogene periods,the basin experienced two phases of rifting in Early Cretaceous and Paleogene,which controlled the initial structure and current structural shape of the basin respectively;during the Neogene to Quaternary,the basin was subjected to weak transformation.(3)In the Precambrian,the Pan-African movement gave rise to a narrow and long weak zone within the African plate,which provided the pre-existing structural conditions for the formation of the Termit basin.In the Early Cretaceous,affected by the South Atlantic rifting,the Pan African weak zone was reactivated,resulting in the first stage of rifting and the basic structural framework of the Termit basin.In the Paleogene,affected by the subduction and convergence of the Neo-Tethys Ocean,the African-Arabian plate extended in near E-W trending,and the Termit basin experienced the second stage of rifting.The oblique extension in this period caused intense structural differentiation,and the current structural pattern of alternate uplifts and depressions took shape gradually.

关键词： West African rift system Termit basin Cretaceous rift basin basin geological structure dynamic mechanism Niger

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Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Lacustrine Turbidite in the rift basin, Bohai Bay

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Petroleum Science 2006年第1期3卷 12-26页

作者： Chen Dongxia Pang Xiongqi Li Pilong Jiang Zhenxue Key Laboratory for Petroleum Formation Mechanisms of the Chinese Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Geological Survey of Canada 3303-33 Street NW Calgary Alberta T2L2A7 Canada SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Co. Shandong 257000 China

Three types of turbidites are identified in the studied area, including proximal turbidite along the northern steep slope （alluvial fans, fan delta, and subaqueous fans via short-distance transportation）, distal turbidites along the southern gentle slope （stacked sliding of delta and fan delta front）, and fluxoturbidite in the central depression. Detailed studies of several case histories and the relationship between sedimentary facies and faults suggest a significant role of tectonic setting and faults in the development of turbidite, which created source areas, effected slope topography, controlled the climate and paleo-environment, and formed enough slope angle and slope break for sedimentary instabilities and massive block movement to form turbidite. According to statistics, 0.86%, with an average value of 40.3%, of the trap volumes in the 69 identified Tertiary lacustrine turbidites in the Jiyang Superdepression in the Bohai Bay basin are filled with oil. The porosity and permeability of turbidite sands vary widely. The productive reservoirs are generally those from the braided channels of both distal and proximal turbidite, and from the main channel of proximal turbidite, with a low carbonate content and the porosity and permeability higher than 12% and 1 mD respectively. Most of the lithologic oil pools in the Jiyang Superdepression are enveloped by the effective source rocks, and the percentage of the trap volume generally increases with the hydrocarbon expulsion intensity of source rocks. This is in contrast with structural-lithologic traps （i.e. proximal turbidite along the steep slope and distal turbidite along the gentle slope）, in which, graben-boundary faults play an important role in oil migration, as the turbidites are not in direct contact with effective hydrocarbon source rocks.

关键词： rift basin Jiyang Superdepression lacustrine turbidite oil-bearing property controlling factors

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Research advances on transfer zones in rift basins and their influence on hydrocarbon accumulation

能源地球科学(英文)

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 1-8页

作者： Yixin Yu Changgui Xu Xintao Zhang Lang Yu Xu Tang Fan Yang Yuemeng Niu Rui Yang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China CNOOC Exploration Department Beijing100010China

Transfer zones are structural areas of faults interactions where fault motion or displacement can be transferred from one fault to another, regional strain maintains laterally constant. Transfer zones are widely developed in rift basins and have significance on hydrocarbon accumulation. In this review article, we attempt to summarize recent advances on the types, distance-displacement curves, evolutionary stages and controlling factors of transfer zones in rift basins and their effects on sedimentary systems, reservoir properties, trap formation and hydrocarbon migration. The formation of transfer zones is genetically related to the segmented growth of normal faults. Depending on the degree of interaction between these normal faults, transfer zones in rift basins could be divided into two types: soft-linked and hard-linked, which are further subdivided into transfer slope, oblique anticline, horst and transfer fault based on the combination patterns of normal faults. In general, the development of transfer zones experiences several stages including isolated normal faulting, transfer slope forming, complicating and breaking. During the interaction and growth of segmented normal faults, stress-strain and spatial array of faults, pre-existing basement structures, and mechanical conditions of rocks have a great influence on the location and development processes of transfer zones. A transfer zone is commonly considered as a pathway for conveying sediments from provenance to basin, and it hence exerts an essential control on the distribution of sandbodies. In addition, transfer zone is the area where stresses are concentrated, which facilitates the formation of various types of structural traps, and it is also a favorable conduit for hydrocarbon migration. Consequently, there exists great hydrocarbon potentials in transfer zones to which more attention should be given.

关键词： Transfer zone Normal fault Fault interaction Hydrocarbon accumulation rift basin

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Cretaceous basin evolution in northeast Asia:tectonic responses to the paleo-Pacific plate subduction

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National Science Review 2022年第1期9卷 144-161页

作者： Qing-Ren Meng Zhong-He Zhou Ri-Xiang Zhu Yi-Gang Xu Zheng-Tang Guo State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cretaceous rift basin evolution was an important part of the tectonic history of northeast Asia in the late Mesozoic.Three types of rift basins are identified—active,passive and wide rift basins—and they developed in different regions.Passive rift basins in the eastern North China craton are thought to be the consequence of crustal stretching and passive asthenospheric upwelling.Wide rift basins in the eastern Central Asian orogen are assumed to originate from gravitational collapse of the thickened and heated orogenic crust.Active rift basins in the northern North China craton are attributed to uprising of asthenospheric materials along a lithospheric-scale tear fault.Slab tearing of the sub ducting paleo-Pacific plate is postulated and well explains the spatial distribution of different types of rift basins and the eastward shifting of magmatism in the northern North China craton.The Late Cretaceous witnessed a period of mild deformation and weak magmatism,which was possibly due to kinematic variation of the paleo-Pacific plate.

关键词： NE Asia Cretaceous rift basin volcanism paleo-Pacific plate

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Exploration discovery and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the Doseo strike-slip and inverted basin, Chad

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第2期49卷 247-256页

作者： DOU Lirong XIAO Kunye DU Yebo WANG Li ZHANG Xinshun CHENG Dingsheng HU Ying Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation Beijing 100034China

Several international oil companies had conducted petroleum exploration, but failed to make any commercially viable discoveries in the Doseo basin for over 30 years. In this article, an integrated analysis, based on the latest seismic and drilling data combined with exploration practice and tectonic, sedimentary as well as petroleum-geological characteristics of the basin, has been conducted with the aim to disclose the key factors of hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment and then to find the potential petroleum plays. The Doseo basin in Chad is a Meso-Cenozoic lacustrine rift basin developed on the Precambrian crystalline basement in the Central African Shear Zone. It is a half graben rift controlled by the strike-slip fault at the northern boundary, and can be divided into two sub-basins, an uplift and a slope. The basin experienced two rifting periods in the Cretaceous and was strongly inverted with the erosion thickness of 800–1000 m during the Eocene, and then entered the depression and extinction period. Structurally, a large number of normal faults and strike-slip faults are identified in the basin, and the boundary faults are inverted faults with normal at first. The main structural styles include inverted anticlines, fault noses, complex fault-blocks and flower structures. The Lower Cretaceous is the main sedimentary strata, which are divided into the Mangara Group, Kedeni, Doba and Koumra Formations from bottom to up. Two transgressive-regressive cycles developed in the Lower Cretaceous indicates with mainly lacustrine, fluvial, delta, braided-delta, fan-delta sandstone and mudstone. The effective source rock in the basin is the deep-lacustrine mudstone of the Lower Cretaceous containing the type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ;organic matters. Furthermore, Inverted anticlines and fault-complicated blocks comprise the main trap types and the Kedeni Uplift is the most favorable play, followed by the Northern Steep Slope and Southern Gentle Slope. Lateral sealing capacity of faults controls the hydrocarbon abundance.

关键词： Doseo basin rift basin strike-slip inverted structure petroleum system hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics exploration discovery

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Orderliness of Hydrocarbon Accumulation Distribution in rift basins of Eastern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第3期86卷 779-787页

作者： CAI Xiyuan China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Beijing 100728

The Cenozoic rift basins in eastern China show a clear temporal and spatial zonation and episodic tectonic evolution, which control their episodic hydrocarbon generation and zonal accumulation. In this paper, based on the study of depositional architecture, hydrocarbon migration system and dynamic evolution in the rift basins, combinations of hydrocarbon accumulation elements were analyzed using sequence stratigraphy. Hydrocarbon distribution in system tracts with different sequence orders was further studied. And we summarized stacking patterns and horizontal combination relationships for different types of reservoirs, such as lithological, tectonic-lithological, tectonic and stratigraphical reservoirs which can be observed from depression center to basin margin. The result reveals that various scales of pools exhibit significant distribution and evolution orderliness in different pool-forming units, i.e., depositional systems, plays and depressions. The regular distribution of various scales of pools is closely related to tectonic evolution and depositional filling in the rift basins. The result can be applied to the fine petroleum exploration in rift basins in eastern China. It will promote the scientific prediction and evaluation of reservoir types and their spatial distribution, lead to the active shifts of exploration targets in different zones, and thus support the stable progress of fine exploration in mature exploration areas.

关键词： rift basin pathway system reservoir-forming element distribution regularity of hydrocarbon accumulation Cenozoic

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The effects of the thermal state of overriding continental plate on subduction dynamics: Two-dimensional thermal-mechanical modeling

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第10期63卷 1519-1539页

作者： Jiaxuan TANG Lin CHEN Qingren MENG Guoli WU State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The dynamic process of ocean-continent subduction depends on not only the properties of the subducting oceanic plate,but also the characteristics and state of the overriding continental plate.Numerical models conducted to date have mostly focused on the oceanic lithosphere in this regard;research on the properties of overriding continental lithosphere remains relatively limited,especially the influence of its thermal state on subduction dynamics.Here we explored the performance of continental lithosphere with different thermal states during the subduction process using two-dimensional thermal-mechanical modeling and systematically investigated the effects of the thermal state of overriding continental plate,the age of subducting oceanic plate,and relative convergence rate on subduction dynamics.Modeling results show that:(1)When the geothermal gradient of continental crust is low(between 10 and 15℃km^-1),the oceanic plate first subducts at a low angle.As subduction continues,the slab dip gradually increases and the slab begins to retreat rapidly driven by its negative buoyancy,opening an ocean basin ranging from 600 to 1100 km in width.This leads to the decoupling between the overriding continental plate and oceanic plate.As the trench retreat continues,the horizontal deviatoric stress inside the overriding continental crust alternates between being positive and negative in a local area.Thinning of the overriding lithosphere mainly occurs at the region adjacent to the subduction zone,where the surface experiences significant subsidence.(2)When the geothermal gradient of continental crust is higher(greater than 15℃km-1),oceanic plate retreat causes the overriding continental plate to be strongly stretched.In this case,the trench retreat distance decreases and the width of the ocean basin also reduces by between 100 and 1000 km.The horizontal deviatoric stress inside the whole overriding continental crust first manifests as compression and then changes into extension,which causes the surface to first uplift and the

关键词： Subduction Continental plate Thermal state Trench retreat Lithospheric thinning rift basin

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Sandbox modeling of fault formation and evolution in the Weixinan Sag, Beibuwan basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2012年第2期9卷 121-128页

作者： Tong Hengmao State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

Fault formation and evolution in the presence of multiple pre-existing weaknesses has not been investigated extensively in rift basins. The fault systems of Weixinan Sag, Beibuwan basin of China, which is fully covered with high-precision 3-D seismic data and is rich in oil-gas resources, have been successfully reproduced by sandbox modeling in this study with inclusion of multiple pre-existing weaknesses in the experimental model. The basic characteristics of fault formation and evolution revealed by sandbox modeling are as follows. 1） Weakness-reactivation faults and weakness-related faults are formed much earlier than the distant-weakness faults （faults far away from and with little or no relationship to the weakness）. 2） Weakness-reactivation faults and weakness-related faults develop mainly along or parallel to a pre-existing weakness, while distant-weakness faults develop nearly perpendicular to the extension direction. A complicated fault system can be formed in a fixed direction of extension with the existence of multiple pre-existing weaknesses, and the complicated fault system in the Weixinan Sag formed gradually in a nearly N-S direction with multiple pre-existing weaknesses. 3） The increase in the length and number of faults is closely tied to the nature of pre-existing weaknesses. The sandbox model may provide a new clue to detailed fault system research for oil and gas exploration in rift basins.

关键词： Fault system rift basin multiple pre-existing weaknesses Weixinan Sag sandbox modeling

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Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating for the Cangshuipu volcanic rocks and its implications for the lower boundary age of the Nanhua strata in South China

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Science Bulletin 2003年第16期48卷 1663-1669页

作者： WANG Jian1, LI Xianhua2, DUAN Taizhong3, LIU Dunyi4, SONG Biao4, LI Zhongxiong1 & GAO Yonghua5 1. Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geologi-cal Survey, Chengdu 610082, China 2. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 3. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401-1887, USA (Present address: Marathon Oil Company, Houston, TX 77056-2725, USA) 4. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Bei-jing 100037, China 5. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China Correspondence should be addressed to Wang Jian (e-mail: jianwang@ ***) Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources China Geological Survey Chengdu China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Colorado School of Mines Golden USA Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

The continental volcanic rocks and volcaniclas-tic sedimentary conglomerates of the Cangshuipu Formation occur well in Yiyang of Hunan Province, consisting of a wedge-shaped succession of Neoproterozoic strata that over-lie with high-angle unconformity the flysch turbidites of the Lengjiaxi Group in the Upper Mesoproterozoic Eonothem. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating gives a weighted mean age of 814 12 Ma for the dacitic volcanic agglomerates from the lowest part of the volcanic rocks in the Cangshuipu Forma-tion. This age is younger than previously reported values of 921—933 Ma for the volcanic rocks from the Cangshuipu Formation. Our new dating represents the lower boundary age of the Neoproterozoic System in the studied area. The younger age for the Cangshuipu volcanic rocks is supported by the following observations: (1) Lower Neoproterozoic strata (814—1000 Ma) are missing in the studied area; (2) the Nanhua rift system was initiated at about 820 Ma; and (3) an age of ~820 Ma may be taken as the lower boundary tim-ing of the Nanhua System (even Neoproterozoic) in South China.

关键词： Zicon U-Pb dating Neoproterozoic volcanics rift basin Nanhua System.

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Application of Multi-well Subsidence Analysis of the Beryl Embayment,Viking Graben,Northern North Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第5期80卷 693-704页

作者： DOU Lirong Jon D. TURNER Roger A. SCRUTTON China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation CNPC Beijing 100034 China Department of Geology ＆ Geophysics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JW Scotland UK

The Beryl Embayment is situated at the south end of the North Viking Graben in the North Sea. Three sets of normal faults, with N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW orientations, have been recognized in the Beryl Embayment. High-resolution subsidence analysis of 73 wells, combined with some seismic data, has been used to document Middle to Late Jurassic subsidence patterns in this area. The high temporal resolution achieved （1 to 2 million years per data point） has also allowed an assessment to be made of temporal evolution of faults with different orientations, and a study made of how and when the East Shetland Fault was linked and controlled sedimentary facies distributions. The results indicate that the East Shetland Fault can be divided into northern and southern parts which were linked together during the Early-Mid Oxfordian. The Mid-Late Jurassic syn-rift phase can be divided into four stages： minor active extension stage during the Bathonian-Middle Callovian, early syn-rotational stage during the Late Callovian-Early-Mid Oxfordian, syn-rotational climax stage during the Late Oxfordian-Early Volgian, and late syn-rotational stage during the Mid-Late Volgian. The results also show that there was a sequential variation of extension direction of active normal faults with different orientations, with an overall shift in the dominant orientation of active normal faults from N-S in the Bathonian-Middle Oxfordian, through NNW-SSE in the Late Oxfordian-Early Volgian （≈N30°E）, to NW-SE （≈N45°E） in the Mid-Late Volgian.

关键词： high-resolution subsidence analysis normal fault rift basin Beryl Embayment Viking Graben

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