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Influence of High Temperature Stress on Net Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Partitioning and rice Grain Yield at Flowering and Grain Filling Stages

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 603-609页

作者： L Guo-hua WU Yong-feng BAI Wen-bo MA Bao WANG Chun-yan SONG Ji-qing Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.

关键词： dry matter partitioning grain yield high temperature stress rice growth

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Model　for　Methane　Emission　from　rice　Fields　and　Its　Application　in　Southern　China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1996年第2期13卷 159-168页

作者：丁爱菊王明星 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing

A process model has been developed. The model has been used to calculate the methane emission from rice fields. The influence of climate conditions, field water management, organic fertilizers and soil types on methane emission from rice fields are considered. There are three major segments which are highly interactive in nature in the model:rice growth, decomposition of soil organic matter and methane production, transport efficiency and methane emission rate. Explicit equations for modeling each segment mentioned above are given. The main results of the model are: 1. The seasonal variation of methane emission of the model output agrees with that of field experiments. The deviation of seasonal average methane emission rate between modeled value and experimental data is about 10%. 2. In the whole rice growing period, model output is similar to experimental data in the seasonal variation of transport ability of rice plant. 3. Soil organic matter content and soil physics and chemistry are major factors that determine the total season average emission rate, while soil temperature controls the temporal variation of methane emission from rice fields.

关键词： Methane Model rice field rice growth

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Assessment of System of rice Intensification(SRI) and Conventional Practices under Organic and Inorganic Management in Japan

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rice science 2011年第4期18卷 311-320页

作者： Tejendra CHAPAGAIN Andrew RISEMAN Eiji YAMAJI Faculty of Land and Food Systems the University of British Columbia344-2357 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Graduate School of Frontier Sciences the University of Tokyo5-1-5 KashiwanohaKashiwaChiba 277-8563Japan

The system of rice intensification(SRI) is a production system that involves the adoption of certain changes in management practices for rice cultivation that create a better growing environment for the crop.This system was compared with conventional practices and assessed under organic and inorganic management.SRI practices showed significant response in root number,number of effective tillers per hill,days to flowering and harvest index.In addition,SRI was found effective in minimizing pest and disease incidence,shortening the crop cycle,and improving plant stand.Grain yield was not different from conventional method.Except for harvest index and plant lodging percentage,there were no significant effects from management treatments.Synergistic responses were noted when SRI practices were combined with organic management for plant height,number of effective tillers per hill,days to flowering and to maturity.The improved panicle characteristics,lower plant lodging percentage and higher harvest index that ultimately led to comparable grain *** returns increased approximately 1.5 times for SRI-organic management regardless of the added labor requirements for weed control.However,comparatively higher grain yield from conventional-inorganic methods underscore the need for further investigations in defining what constitutes an optimum set of practices for an SRI-organic system specifically addressing grain yield and weed management.

关键词： system of rice intensification conventional practices organic and inorganic management rice growth

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