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Effects of metronomic sounds on a self-paced tapping task in budgerigars and humans

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 121-128页

作者： Yoshimasa Seki Kenta Tomyta Department of Psychology Aichi University Machihatacho Toyohashi Aichi Japan

The origin of rhythmic synchronization or entrainment to a musical beat in animals has been widely discussed. Parrots are suitable animals to exami ne the relati on ship betwee n the capability of vocal learning and spontaneous rhythmic synchronization. In this study, budgerigars Melopsittacus undulatus learned to tap (peck) 2 keys alternately at a self-paced rate. Then, the metronomic sounds were played in the background during test sessions while the birds were performing the key pecking task, although they were not required to synchronize tap timing with the metronome. We found modest but significant effects of the metronome rhythms on the tap timing in some subjects. We also tested humans Homo sapiens using almost the same method. In contrast to the birds, a number of huma n subjects synchr on ized tap timing to the on set of the metronome without verbal or documented instructions. However, we failed to find an effect of the metronome on self-paced tap timing in some human subjects, although they were capable of rhythmic synchronization. This is the first report describing the effects of metronomic sounds on self-paced tapping in nonhuman vocal learners. This study introduces a new method that can be used in future research comparing birds that differ in vocal learning capacities, social structure, age, sex, hormonal status, and so on as part of exami nations of the evolutionary foun dati ons of beat processing.

关键词： opera nt con ditioning parrots rhythm synchronization vocal learning

Temporal adjustment of short calls according to a partner during vocal turn-taking in Japanese macaques

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 99-105页

作者： Noriko KATSu Kazunori Yamada Kazuo Okanoya Masayuki Nakamichi Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Meguro Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Human Sciences Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan

Turn-taking is a common feature in human speech, and is also seen in the communication of other primate species. However, evidenee of turn-taking in vocal exchanges within a short time frame is still scarce in non human primates. This study in vestigated whether dynamic adjustme nt during turn-taking in short calls exists in Japanese macaques Macaca fuscata. We observed exchanges of short calls such as grunts, girneys, and short, low coos during social interactions in a free-ranging group of Japanese macaques. We found that the median gap between the turns of two callers was 250 ms. Call intervals varied among individuals, suggesting that call intervals were not fixed among individuals. Solo call intervals were shorter than call intervals interrupted by responses from partn ers (i.e., excha nges) and Ion ger than those between the partner's reply and the reply to that call, indicating that the monkeys did not just repeat calls at certain intervals irrespective of the social situation. The differences in call intervals during exchanged and solo call sequences were explained by the response interval of the partner, suggesting an adjustment of call timing according to the tempo of the part ner's call utterance. These findi ngs suggest that mon keys display dyn amic temporal adjustment in a short time window, which is comparable with turn-taking in human speech.

关键词： turn-taking rhythm vocalization primate

Time budget and activity rhythm of wild Great Bustard in winter

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Frontiers in Biology 2006年第4期1卷 443-447页

作者： SUN Yanfeng LI Suping LI Juyong WU Yuefeng LI Jianping College of Life Science Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050016China Foreign Language Middle School Pingshan CountyPingshan 050400China

Instantaneous scanning and focal animal sampling methods were used to record the behaviors of nine wild Great Bustards(Otis tarda)and their time budget from November 2004 to January 2005.The results indicated that foraging and resting time accounted for as high as 46.40%and 39.12%,respectively,while the rest of the behaviors,such as walking,alerting,preening and flying,only shared 6.83%,2.03%,2.64%and 1.84%,respectively.There were significant differences in foraging time,alert time and walking time between males and females(P−5 and℃≤−5)℃was significantly different.

关键词： Great Bustard wintering period behaviors time budget rhythm

Ontogeny of vocal rhythms in harbor seal pups: an exploratory study

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 107-120页

作者： Andrea RAViGNANi Christopher T. Kello Koen de Reus Sonja A KoTz Simone Dalla BELLA Margarita Mendez-Arostegui Beatriz Rapado-Tamarit Ana Rubio-Garcia Bart de BoER Research Department Sealcentre Pieterburen Pieterburen The Netherlands Artificial Intelligenee Lab Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Cognitive and Information Sciences University of California Merced CA USA Basic and Applied NeuroDynamics Lab Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands Department of Neuropsychology Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) Montreal QC Canada Department of Psychology University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada Department of Cognitive Psychology WSFiZ in Warsaw Warsaw Poland

Puppyhood is a very active social and vocal period in a harbor seal's life Ph oca vitulina. An important feature of vocalizations is their temporal and rhythmic structure, and understanding vocal timing and rhythms in harbor seals is critical to a cross-species hypothesis in evolutionary neuroscience that links vocal learning, rhythm perception, and synchronization. This study utilized analytical techniques that may best capture rhythmic structure in pup vocalizations with the goal of examining whether (1) harbor seal pups show rhythmic structure in their calls and (2) rhythms evolve over time. Calls of 3 wild-born seal pups were recorded daily over the course of 1-3 weeks;3 temporal features were analyzed using 3 complementary techniques. We identified temporal and rhythmic structure in pup calls across different time windows. The calls of harbor seal pups exhibit some degree of temporal and rhythmic organization, which evolves over puppyhood and resembles that of other species' in teractive comm un icati on. We suggest n ext steps for investigating call structure in harbor seal pups and propose comparative hypotheses to test in other pinniped species.

关键词： bioacoustics pinnipeds rhythm timing vocal development

Comparison of two radiofrequency ablation devices for atrial fibrillation concomitant with a rheumatic valve procedure

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第12期132卷 1414-1419页

作者： Qin Jiang Sheng-Zhong Liu Lu Jiang Ke-Li Huang Jing Guo Sheng-Shou Hu Department of Cardiac Surgery Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduSichuan 610072China Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037China

Background: Perioperative and median-term follow-up outcomes have not been compared among procedures using radiofrequency ablation devices for permanent atrial fibrillation with concomitant rheumatic valve disease. We compared the sinus rhythm restoration efficacy of "non-irrigation" ablation forceps and an "irrigation" ablation device in patients with rheumatic valve disease undergoing a modified Cox maze radiofrequency ablation procedure due to permanent atrial fibrillation. Methods: Data of 278 patients with rheumatic valve disease from the Cardiac Surgery Department of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital who underwent the modified Cox maze radiofrequency ablation procedure between May 2013 and May 2017 were reviewed. The procedure was performed using "non-irrigation" ablation forceps (AtriCure, group A) in 149 patients and an "irrigation" ablation device (Medtronic, group M) in 129 patients. Data were collected prospectively, and follow-up was documented and compared between the groups. Results: The radiofrequency procedure duration was 28.9 ± 3.8 min in group A and 29.5 ± 2.8 min in group M (t = 1.623, P = 0.106). The predicted radiofrequency time to the left atrium diameter was (Ya = 0.4964 X + 0.3762, R^2 = 0.74) in group A and (Ym = 0.4331 X + 4.3563, R2 = 0.8435) in group M. The sinus rhythm (SR) conversion rate without use of anti-arrhythmic drugs was similarly good in groups A and M, with 75.2%, 72.5%, and 70.5% vs. 73.6%, 71.3%, and 69.8% at discharge, 6 and 12 months, respectively (F = 0.084, F = 0.046, F = 0.046, P > 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Two types of radiofrequency ablation devices characteristic of "non-irrigation" and "irrigation" bipolar ablation forceps were similarly efficient at SR restoration.

关键词： Ablation device Atrial fibrillation Sinus rhythm Rheumatic heart disease

Born to sing!Song development in a singing primate

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 597-608页

作者： Chiara DE GREGORIO Filippo CARUGATI Vittoria ESTIENNE Daria VALENTE Teresa RAIMONDI Valeria TORTI Longondraza MIARETSOA Jonah RATSIMBAZAFY Marco GAMBA Cristina GIACOMA Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Torinovia Accademia Albertina 13Torino 10125Italy Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar(GERP) BP 779–Antananarivo 101Madagascar

In animal vocal communication,the development of adult-like vocalization is fundamental to interact appropriately with conspecifics.However,the factors that guide ontogenetic changes in the acoustic features remain poorly understood.In contrast with a historical view of nonhuman primate vocal production as substantially innate,recent research suggests that inheritance and physiological modification can only explain some of the developmental changes in call structure during growth.A particular case of acoustic communication is the indris’singing behavior,a peculiar case among Strepsirrhine primates.Thanks to a decade of intense data collection,this work provides the first long-term quantitative analysis on song development in a singing primate.To understand the ontogeny of such a complex vocal output,we investigated juvenile and sub-adult indris’vocal behavior,and we found that young individuals started participating in the chorus years earlier than previously reported.Our results indicated that spectro-temporal song parameters underwent essential changes during growth.In particular,the age and sex of the emitter influenced the indris’vocal activity.We found that frequency parameters showed consistent changes across the sexes,but the temporal features showed different developmental trajectories for males and females.Given the low level of morphological sexual dimorphism and the marked differences in vocal behavior,we hypothesize that factors like social influences and auditory feedback may affect songs’features,resulting in high vocal flexibility in juvenile indris.This trait may be pivotal in a species that engages in choruses with rapid vocal turn-taking.

关键词： duet flexibility juveniles lemurs ontogeny rhythm

Daily expression of two circadian clock genes in compound eyes of Helicoverpa armigera: evidence for peripheral tissue circadian timing

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 217-228页

作者： Shuo Yan Yan-Jun Liu Jia-Lin Zhu Wei-Na Cui Xin-Fang Zhang Yu-Hui Yang Xiao-Ming Liu Qing-Wen Zhang Xiao-Xia Liu Department of Entomology China Agricultural University Beijing China National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center Beijing China Beijing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Beijing China Zoucheng Plant Protection Station Zoucheng Shandong Province China Changli Institute of Pomology Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Changli Hebei Province China

Circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues usually play an important role in regulating the circadian rhythms. Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing endogenous rhythms with the daily light-dark cycle, and compound eyes are known as the principal circadian photoreceptor for photic entrainment in most moths. However, there is little evidence for circadian timing in compound eyes. In the current study, we isolated the timeless gene, designated Ha-tim (GenBank accession number: KM233162), from the cotton bo 11 worm Helicoverpa armigera. Ha-tim and period (Haper) showed low messenger RNA levels in the compound eyes compared to the other tested adult organs. Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were dependent on an endogenous rhythm that fluctuated over a daily cycle in the compound eyes and heads. The cycles of Hatim and Ha-per transcript levels followed similar time courses, and identical expression patterns of the two genes were observed in the compound eyes and heads. Ha-tim and Ha-per were dowregulated in the compound eyes after light exposure, copulation and starvation. These results indicated that Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study helped to improve our understanding of the circadian clock machinery in compound eyes and other peripheral tissues.

关键词： circadian clock compound eye photoreceptor period timeless rhythm

Effect of melatonin on endogenous circadian rhythm

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沈阳药科大学学报 2008年第S1期25卷 126-127页

作者： XU Feng,WANG Min,ZANG Ling-he(Shenyang pharmaceutical university,Shenyang 110016,China)

Objective To further authenticate the role of melatonin on endogenous biologic clock system.Methods Pinealectomized mice were used in the experiments,a series of circadian rhythm of physiology index,such as glucocorticoid,amino acid neurotransmitter,immune function,sensitivity of algesia and body temperature were measured.Results Effects of melatonin on endogenous circadian rhythm roughly appeared four forms:1)The model of inherent rhythm was invariant,but midvalue was removed.2)Pacing function:pinealectomy and melatonin administration changed amplitude of the circadian vibration of aspartate,peripheral blood WBC and serum hemolysin.3)Phase of rhythm changed,such as the effects on percentage of lymphocyte and sensitivity of algesia.4)No effect,the circadian rhythm of body temperature belong to this form.Conclusions Melatonin has effects some circadian rhythm,and it can adjust endogenous inherent rhythm and make the rhythm keep step with environmental cycle.Melatonin may be a kind of Zeitgeber,Pineal gland might being a rhythm bearing organ to some circadian rhythm.

关键词： pineal gland melatonin circadian rhythm

The circadian clock contributes to diurnal patterns of plant indirect defense in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第8期61卷 924-928页

作者： Youngsung Joo Jay K.Goldberg Lucille T.S.Chretien Sang-Gyu Kim Ian T.Baldwin Meredith C.Schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany Department of Biology Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon(ENS L)46 Allee d'ltalie69007 LyonFrance Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyYuseong-guDaejeon 34141South Korea Department of Biology Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte(IRBI) UMR 7261CNRS/Universite Francois-Rabelais de ToursAvenue MongeParc Grandmont37200 ToursFrance Laboratory of Entomology(WUR) Wageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Building 107/W0.Aa.0816708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 Zurich

The plant circadian clock regulates the rhythms of plant metabolism.Many herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)fluctuate,diurnally,but the role of the circadian clock in the emission of HIPVs and their ecological consequences remains largely unknown.Here,we show that the timing of herbivore attack can alter the outcome of tri-trophic interactions,and this is mediated by the circadian clock,under both field and glasshouse conditions.Although most HIPV emissions did not have a circadian rhythm,the circadian clock modulated HIPV emissions in a time-dependent manner.HIPVs mediate tri-trophic interactions,and the circadian clock may affect these interactions by modulating HIPV emission in nature.

关键词： herbivore glasshouse circadian rhythm