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Patent Propensity in Small Technologybased Firms:Evidence from Zhongguancun Science Park

China & World Economy 2010年第1期18卷 99-116页

作者： Delin Yang Xibao Li Jiagui Chen Associate Professor School of Economics and Management Tsinghua University Beijing China School of Economics and Management Tsinghua Uiversity Beijing China Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing China

Using a survey administered in Zhongguancun Science Park in Beijing, China, this paper investigates the impact of R ＆D personnel-related intellectual property management practices on the patent propensity of small technology-based firms. It is found that R＆D personnel- related management practices, including training and reward mechanisms, are effective in enhancing a firm ＇s willingness to patent. In particular, we find that reward mechanisms can negatively moderate the effect of size on a firm ＇s willingness to patent. One implication that emerged from the analysis is that a small firm can counteract its size disadvantage in patenting by introducing a well-developed reward mechanism.

关键词： innovation surveys patent propensity reward mechanism science park

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Usage of a reward System for Dealing with Pediatric Dental Fear

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第16期129卷 1935-1938页

作者： Yong-Hua Xia Yi-Ran Song Department of Children's Dental The First Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University Harbin Heirongjiang 150001 China Department of Science and Technology Communication and Policy University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China

Background： Pediatric dental fear, if left unchecked, can persist for a lifetime and adversely impact the physical and psychological health of a patient. In this study, a feasible nonmedical method for relieving pediatric dental fear was investigated. Methods： A randomized, single-blind, controlled trial model was applied. The juvenile patients experiencing dental fear, whose parents or guardian had signed an informed consent form, were randomly divided into two groups. Group A （n = 50） was the control group, while Group B （n = 50） was the reward group. Participants in Group A accepted routine treatment. Participants in Group B were told that they would obtain a gift as a reward for their good behavior if they were compliant during their dental treatments. The Chinese version of the Children＇s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale （CFSS-DS） was used to evaluate the level of dental fear of each patient both before and after each treatment. A contrast analysis and a correlation analysis of the results were used to assess the efficacy of the reward mechanism. Results： All participants in Group B, were obedient during the dental treatment, and they also successfully chose the present they wanted at the end of their dental treatment. Children at different ages showed different reward preferences. Significant difference in the fear scores of the participants in Group B before the treatment and after receiving the reward was found （independent samples t-test, t = 14.72, P 〈 0.001）. In Group A, 86% children＇s fear score did not undergo a noticeable change. Conclusions： A reward system is proved feasible to relieve pediatric dental fear, and the form of reward should meet the demand of patients.

关键词： Nonmedical Way Pediatric Dental Fear reward mechanism

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Analysis of the Choice of Return mechanism of PPP Model in Rural Human Settlement Improvement under the Rural Revitalization Strategy:Research Based on the Perspective of Evolutionary Game

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Journal of Sustainable Business and Economics 2022年第4期5卷 31-42页

作者： Youcheng Wu Jinhao Li Shunli Xiao Zhihang Zhou Manjie Huang Zaitian Huang Chien Chi Chu School of Economics and Management Foshan UniversityGuangdong52800China

The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization *** on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government,social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are *** the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms,the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement ***,available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment,thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.

关键词： Rural revitalization strategy Rural human settlement environment PPP reward mechanism Evolutionary game theory

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反馈相关负波与成瘾

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心理学 2020年第10期

作者：陈乐乐黄蓉贾世伟

反馈相关负波(feedback-related negativity，FRN)是反馈加工诱发的脑电成分，体现了个体对奖赏的敏感性。成瘾分为物质成瘾和行为成瘾，两类个体的反馈加工都呈现病理性模式。相对于普通反馈物(如金钱)，物质成瘾个体在加工成瘾物质时... 详细信息

反馈相关负波(feedback-related negativity，FRN)是反馈加工诱发的脑电成分，体现了个体对奖赏的敏感性。成瘾分为物质成瘾和行为成瘾，两类个体的反馈加工都呈现病理性模式。相对于普通反馈物(如金钱)，物质成瘾个体在加工成瘾物质时诱发的FRN波幅显著增大；在与非成瘾被试的对照研究中，物质成瘾者加工金钱反馈时的FRN也表现出与成瘾相关的异常模式；在行为成瘾个体中亦观察到与物质成瘾个体类似的FRN失调现象。但以往多数研究中对成瘾类型的区分还不够详细，未来研究应进一步考虑成瘾不同亚型的特点；且成瘾个体往往伴随其他精神障碍(如抑郁、焦虑)，将来的研究要区分共病因素的影响，揭示成瘾独特的奖赏加工机制问题。

关键词：反馈相关负波物质成瘾行为成瘾强化学习奖赏机制 feedback-related negativity substance addiction behavioral addiction reinforcement learning reward mechanism

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