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Sex differences in color discrimination and serial reversal learning in mollies and guppies

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 323-332页

作者： Theodora FUSS Klaudia WITTE Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology Institute of Biology Department of Chemistry and Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57076 Siegen Germany

Behavioral flexibility provides an individual with the ability to adapt its behavior in response to environmental changes. Studies on mammals, birds, and teleosts indicate greater behavioral flexibility in females. Conversely, males appear to exhibit greater behavioral persistenee. We, therefore, investigated sex differences in behavioral flexibility in 2 closely related molly species (Poecilia latipinna, P. mexicana) and their more distant relative, the guppy P. reticulata by comparing male and female individuals in a serial, visual reversal learning task. Fish were first trained in color discrimination, which was quickly learned by all females (guppies and mollies) and all molly males alike. Despite continued training over more than 72 sessions, male guppies did not learn the general test procedure and were, therefore, excluded from further testing. Once the reward contingency was reversed serially, molly males of both species performed considerably better by inhibiting their previous response and reached the learning criterion sign讦icantly faster than their respective con specific females. Moreover, Atlantic molly males clearly outperformed all other individuals (males and females) and some of them even reached the level of 1-trial learning. Thus, the apparently un iversal pattern of higher female behavioral flexibility seems to be in verted in the 2 examined molly species, although the evolutionary account of this pattern remains highly speculative. These findings were complemented by the observed lower neophobia of female sailfin mollies compared with their male con specifics. This sex differe nee was not observed in Atlantic mollies that were observed to be sigrdficantly less distressed in a novel situation than their consexuals. Hypothetically, sex differences in behavioral flexibility can possibly be explained in terms of the different roles that males and females play in mating competition, mate choice, and reproduction or, more gen erally, in complex social in teractio ns. Each of these characteristics

关键词： behavioural and cognitive flexibility colour discrimination neophobia serial reversal learning/Poecilia mexicana and Poecilia latipinna Poecilia reticulata

Together We Stand-Analyzing Schooling Behavior in Naive Newborn Guppies through Biorobotic Predators

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第1期17卷 174-184页

作者： Donato Romano Hadeel Elayan Giovanni Benelli Cesare Stefanini The BioRobotics Institute Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPontederaPisa 56025Italy Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center(HEIC) Khalifa UniversityAbu DhabiPO Box 127788United Arab Emirates Department of Excellence in Robotics&A.I. Sant'Anna School of Advanced StudiesPisa 56127Italy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoON M5SCanada Department of Agriculture Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisa 56124Italy

A major advantage of animal aggregations concerns cooperative antipredator strategies.Schooling behavior emerges earlier in many fish species,especially in those cannibalizing their offspring.Experience is fundamental for developing schooling behavior.However,the cognitive ability of naive newborn fish to aggregate remains unclear.Herein,Poecilia reticulata,was selected as model organism to investigate how combinations of biomimetic robotic agents and adult conspecific olfactory cues affect collective responses in newborns.The role of white and brown backgrounds in evoking aggregations was also assessed.Olfactory cues were sufficient for triggering aggregations in P.reticulata newborns,although robotic agents had a higher influence on the group coalescence.The combination of robotic agents and olfactory cues increased schooling behavior duration.Notably,schooling was longer in the escape compartment when robotic agents were presented,except for the combination of the male-mimicking robotic fish plus adult guppy olfactory cues,with longer schooling behavior in the exploring compartment.Regardless of the tested cues,newborn fish aggregated preferentially on the brown areas of the arena.Overall,this research provides novel insights on the early collective cognitive ability of newborn fish,paving the way to the use of biomimetic robots in behavioral ecology experiments,as substitutes for real predators.

关键词： animal-robot interaction technology bio-hybrid intelligent systems antipredator strategy group behavior Poecilia reticulata

An Efficient Regeneration System for Native Orange (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>) through <i>In-Vitro</i>Culture Technique

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第7期10卷 975-984页

作者： Md. Fahim Khan Hammadul Hoque Md. Qamrul Islam Md. Ashrafuzzaman Shamsul H. Prodhan Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet Bangladesh

Citrus reticulata (Mandarin Orange), commonly known as “Sweet Orange”, is one of the most difficult plants to improve through traditional breeding approaches as it poses various biological limitations that greatly hinder the cultivar improvement. In the present study, using the fresh seed of native orange as explant, an efficient, reproducible, regeneration method was developed through in vitro organogenesis. Mature, healthy and dehusked seeds were treated with Murashige and Skoog, (MS) media containing 3% sucrose, 0.7% agar supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of phytohormones. The highest calli initiation (93.3% ± 0.5%) responses were observed on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 3.0 mg/L followed by 2,4-D at 3.5 mg/L (86.7% ± 1.75%) in this experiment. Maximum shoot regeneration (86.7% ± 3.35%) responses were reported using MS medium supplemented with the combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 3.0 mg/L and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 2.0 mg/L. MS medium supplemented with NAA at 1.0 mg/L showed the best rooting (80% ± 2.89%) response in comparison to (70% ± 5.20%) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 1.0 mg/L. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized in pots containing sterile garden soil mixture to examine their response in natural conditions.

关键词： Citrus reticulata 2 4-D Callus Regeneration Acclimatization

生活和工业废水的扩散对雄性孔雀鱼体色、色斑演变的影响（Poecilia reticulata）

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生活和工业废水的扩散对雄性孔雀鱼体色、色斑演变的影响（Poecil...

作者： Cyubahiro Eric 西北农林科技大学

学位级别：硕士

性选择特征的进化既取决于所研究物种的内在因素,也取决于促进或阻碍性征传递和感知的外在因素。为了了解受人类影响的生境的变化如何影响性选择特征及其进化,本研究调查了已被报道的受工业废水和居民废水污染的河流,研究了不同污染程... 详细信息

性选择特征的进化既取决于所研究物种的内在因素,也取决于促进或阻碍性征传递和感知的外在因素。为了了解受人类影响的生境的变化如何影响性选择特征及其进化,本研究调查了已被报道的受工业废水和居民废水污染的河流,研究了不同污染程度的河流中的孔雀鱼（Poecilia reticulata）的体色、色斑的演变。不同污染程度的孔雀鱼的体形和大小也有差异。本研究测量了雄性的色斑,并量化了雄性色斑和雌性体色。正如此前所预测的那样,检测到被测雄性色斑种类、雄性色斑和雌性体色的明暗程度的差异,量化了雄性色斑和雌性背腹区域的某些渐变颜色的变化。本研究发现,水污染对雄鱼和雌鱼的蓝色色斑的影响不同。生活在重污染环境中的雄性颜色变得更浅,而生活在重污染环境中的雌性则减弱了保护色,背部颜色更浅而腹部颜色更深。水环境污染对雄性和雌性身体大小的影响是相同的,对雄性和雌性体形的影响则略有差异。雄性孔雀鱼和雌性孔雀鱼不仅受水污染的影响不同,本研究还证明了雄性和雌性受其他环境因素的影响也不同。结合水污染对性选择性状和体色的影响以及环境胁迫反应的规律,研究结果表明环境的改变促使了色斑的演变,并通过影响体色的生理过程改变了色斑和体色的鲜艳程度。这些发现为因人类活动影响的生境的变化对雄性性征进化和体色变化的影响提供了额外的信息。

关键词：色斑体色体格和体形Poecilia reticulata

Long-Term Treatment with an Herbal Formula MCC Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice: A Comparative Study among MCC and Various Combinations of Its Constituents

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Chinese Medicine 2014年第1期5卷 34-46页

作者： Pou Kuan Leong Hoi Yan Leung Hoi Shan Wong Ji Hang Chen Wing Man Chan Chung Wah Ma Yi Ting Yang Kam Ming Ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Infinitus (China) Company Ltd. Guangzhou China

Obesity has been found to be associated with increased incidence of various metabolic disorders. Anti-obesity interventions are therefore urgently needed. An earlier study has demonstrated that treatment with an herbal formula MCC, which comprises the fruit of Momordica charantia (MC), the pericarpium of Citri reticulate (CR) and L-carnitine (CA), reduced the weight gain in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term treatment with MCC (6 g/kg/day × 40 doses) and various combinations of its constituents in HFD-fed female ICR mice. Body weight change was monitored during the course of the experiment. Total and differential adiposity, plasma lipid contents, metabolic enzyme activities and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in skeletal muscle were measured. Glucose homeostasis was also assessed. Results showed that HFD increased the body weight, total and differential adiposity, and plasma lipid contents as well as impaired metabolic status in skeletal muscle and glucose homeostasis. MCC and all combinations of its constituents reduced the weight gain in HFD-fed mice, which was accompanied with an improvement on glucose homeostasis. While MC, CA and CR independently suppressed the HFD-induced weight gain in mice, MC seems to be the most effective in weight reduction, all of which correlated with the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle. Only CA and CR, but not MC, significantly reduced the total adiposity and visceral adiposity as well as plasma cholesterol level. However, the two component combinations, MC + CR and MC + CA, decreased the degree of visceral adiposity and plasma cholesterol level, respectively. MCC treatment at 1.5 g/kg (but not a higher dose of 6 g/kg) suppressed visceral adiposity and induced mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice. The finding suggests that MCC may offer a promising prospect for ameliorating the diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in humans.

关键词： High Fat Diet Obesity Weight Control Momordica Charantia Citri reticulata L-Carnitine

土壤理化性质对暴马丁香(Syringa reticulata var.amurensis)天然林林分因子的影响

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林业科技通讯 2018年第7期 3-7页

作者：姚永刚蒲凌奎朱媛君鄢鹏王前北京市八达岭林场北京102112 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所北京100091 北京林业大学北京100083

通过对处于不同坡位的暴马丁香（Syringa reticulata var.amurensis）天然林的土壤理化性质及林分因子的研究,探讨了暴马丁香天然林的林分特征及不同土壤理化性质对林分因子的影响。认为：在不同坡位样地中,处于坡中位置的暴马丁香林分... 详细信息

通过对处于不同坡位的暴马丁香（Syringa reticulata var.amurensis）天然林的土壤理化性质及林分因子的研究,探讨了暴马丁香天然林的林分特征及不同土壤理化性质对林分因子的影响。认为：在不同坡位样地中,处于坡中位置的暴马丁香林分因子占优势地位;土壤全磷含量、全钾含量、速效钾含量及有效磷含量对暴马丁香各林分因子有显著相关性。

关键词：暴马丁香 Syringa reticulata var.amurensis 土壤理化性质林分因子天然林

Long-Term Treatment with an Herbal Formula MCC Reduces the Weight Gain in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

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Chinese Medicine 2013年第3期4卷 63-71页

作者： Pou Kuan Leong Hoi Yan Leung Hoi Shan Wong Jihang Chen Chung Wah Ma Yiting Yang Kam Ming Ko Division of Life Science Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Infinitus (China) Company Ltd. Guangzhou China

Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic disorders, with its prevalence being increased in the world over the past several decades. Therapeutical interventions for obesity are thus urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term treatment (0.51 and 5.1 g/kg/day, 5 days per week for a total of 40 doses) with an herbal formula MCC [which comprises the fruit of Momordica charantia (MC), the pericarpium of Citri reticulata and L-carnitine] in normal diet (ND) and high fat diet (HFD)-fed female ICR mice. Body weight change was monitored during the course of the experiment. Fat pad indices, plasma glucose and lipid contents, as well as metabolic enzyme activities and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in skeletal muscle were measured at 24 hours after the last dosing. Results showed that HFD increased the body weight, fat pad indices, plasma glucose and lipid contents as well as β-hydroxyacyl-Co A dehydrogenase (β-HAD) and carnitine palmitoyl CoA transferase (CPT) activities in skeletal muscle. However, the phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity was decreased in skeletal muscle. MCC treatment reduced the HFD-induced increases in body weight, fat pad indices and plasma lipid contents. MCC treatment only partially reversed the HFD-induced changes in β-HAD and CPT activities, but did not restore the HFD-induced decrease in PFK activity. MCC did not alter the plasma glucose level and mitochondrial coupling efficiency in skeletal muscle of ND and HFD-fed mice. Since MCC formula did not increase activities of energy metabolic enzymes or induce mitochondrial uncoupling, the weight loss effect of MCC is likely related to the reduction of intestinal lipid absorption in HFD-fed mice.

关键词： Obesity Weight Control Momordica Charantia Citri reticulata L-Carnitine

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孔雀鱼HSC70基因的电子克隆与序列分析

淡水渔业 2011年第6期41卷 3-8页

作者：周向红彭永兴易乐飞淮海工学院海洋学院江苏连云港222005

为了研究热激同源蛋白70(70 kDa heat shock cognate,HSC70)在孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata Peters)对环境适应中的作用,采用电子克隆与传统实验克隆相结合的技术,分析了孔雀鱼的一个HSC70基因(命名为PrHSC70)。PrHSC70基因包含一个长194... 详细信息

为了研究热激同源蛋白70(70 kDa heat shock cognate,HSC70)在孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata Peters)对环境适应中的作用,采用电子克隆与传统实验克隆相结合的技术,分析了孔雀鱼的一个HSC70基因(命名为PrHSC70)。PrHSC70基因包含一个长1941 bp的完整编码区,含有8个内含子。PrHSC70蛋白具有HSP70蛋白家族的特征序列,且与其他动物HSC70和HSP70都高度相似。在进化树上PrHSC70与所有鱼类HSC70聚为一簇,与它们的氨基酸序列一致性为93.2%～98.9%。

关键词：孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata Peters) HSC70 电子克隆生物信息学

柑橘多胚性砧木枳橙同源四倍体的发掘与SSR鉴定

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分子植物育种 2020年第4期18卷 1211-1215页

作者：彭滢李晓妍肖璇赣南师范大学生命科学学院赣州341000 国家脐橙赣南师范工程技术研究中心赣州341000

为发掘枳橙同源四倍体资源,从而为柑橘砧木遗传改良提供新种质,本研究通过初步的形态学观察,从具多胚性的柑橘重要砧木资源枳橙实生苗群体750个单株中初步筛选出具典型多倍体特征的植株24株,其中流式细胞仪鉴定为枳橙四倍体22株,群体四... 详细信息

为发掘枳橙同源四倍体资源,从而为柑橘砧木遗传改良提供新种质,本研究通过初步的形态学观察,从具多胚性的柑橘重要砧木资源枳橙实生苗群体750个单株中初步筛选出具典型多倍体特征的植株24株,其中流式细胞仪鉴定为枳橙四倍体22株,群体四倍体自然发生率达2.93%。下表皮气孔分析表明枳橙四倍体气孔密度显著低于二倍体对照。对获得的四倍体植株进行了SSR分子鉴定,19对引物扩增结果均显示枳橙四倍体与其二倍体对照的带型完全一致,表明获得的四倍体枳橙均为同源四倍体。本研究表明将形态学初选与流式细胞仪快速鉴定及SSR分析相结合是从多胚性柑橘资源实生群体获得同源四倍体的简便有效途径,本研究发掘的同源四倍体枳橙是柑橘砧木遗传改良相关研究的良好资源。

关键词：枳橙(Citrus reticulata Blanco) 同源四倍体 SSR分子标记