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A comparative analysis of child passenger restraint use in China and the United States

World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第6期13卷 593-598页

作者： Jing-Zhen Yang Li-Ping Li Hong-Qian Wu Daniel McGehee Corinne Peek-Asa The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital Center for Injury Research and PolicyUnited States Department of Pediatrics College of Medicinethe Ohio State UniversityUnited States Injury Prevention Research Center Shantou University Medical CollegeChina Department of Biostatistics University of IowaUnited States Injury Prevention Research Center Human Factors and Vehicle Safety Research Division University of Iowa Public Policy CenterUnited States

Background:Few published studies have examined child passenger safety practices across countries.This study compared the prevalence and associated factors of child passenger restraint use among children,aged 0 to 17 in the state of Iowa in the United States,and the city of Shantou in China.Methods:Child restraint use observations were conducted in Iowa and in Shantou in 2012,respectively,among child passengers.Observations in Iowa were conducted at randomly selected gas stations,while in Shantou observations were completed at randomly selected schools or medical clinics.Research observers approached the driver,observed restraint use,and collected brief survey data.Results:A total of 3049 children from Iowa and 3333 children aged 0 to 17 years from Shantou were observed.For children aged 0 to 3 years,only 0.1% were compliantly restrained in Shantou as compared to 95.9% in Iowa.The proportion of children who were compliantly restrained in Shantou increased with age,but generally decreased with age in Iowa.In Shantou,36.0% of children aged 0 to 3 were sitting in the front seat as compared to only 1.7% of children of the same age in Iowa.Driver seat belt use was significantly associated with child restraint in both Iowa and Shantou;the association was stronger in Iowa than Shantou for aH age groups.Conclusions:A significantly higher prevalence of children who were not appropriately restrained was observed in Shantou than in Iowa.Our findings support the need of mandatory child safety restraint use legislation in China.

关键词： child passenger safety restraint cross country motor vehicle occupant

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EFFECT OF restraint STRENGTHENING OF VACUUM-PRESSURED BRAZED JOINT

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1997年第3期7卷 91-94页

作者： Wang, Zhongping He, Yong He, Yunjia Northwestern Polytechnical Univ Xi'an China

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＲＥＳＴＲＡＩＮＴＳＴＲＥＮＧＴＨＥＮＩＮＧＯＦＶＡＣＵＵＭＰＲＥＳＳＵＲＥＤＢＲＡＺＥＤＪＯＩＮＴ①ＷａｎｇＺｈｏｎｇｐｉｎｇ，ＨｅＹｏｎｇ，ＨｅＹｕｎｊｉａＷｅｌｄｉｎｇＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＮｏ... 详细信息

ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＲＥＳＴＲＡＩＮＴＳＴＲＥＮＧＴＨＥＮＩＮＧＯＦＶＡＣＵＵＭＰＲＥＳＳＵＲＥＤＢＲＡＺＥＤＪＯＩＮＴ①ＷａｎｇＺｈｏｎｇｐｉｎｇ，ＨｅＹｏｎｇ，ＨｅＹｕｎｊｉａＷｅｌｄｉｎｇＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰｏｌｙｔｅｃ...

关键词： Al Li alloys containing cerium vacuum pressured brazing restraint strengthening

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Occupant restraint System Simulation and Optimization Based on TESW

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2016年第2期33卷 224-230页

作者： Tian Sheng School of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China

Integrated into the development process of a chinese independent brand class sedan,optimization about occupant restraint system associated with dummy chest deceleration is studied.Based on this simulated vehicle deceleration and the target vehicle′s chest deceleration,tipped equivalent square wave(TESW)is calculated by combining the average stiffness kof occupant restraint system and the average free flight time t*from the existant CNCAP(China new car assessment program)tested cars.After proposing modeling regulations of occupant restraint system and establishing mathematical dynamic modelling(MADYMO)for occupant restraint system of the target vehicle,four optimization design parameters namely vent area A,load limit L,seat belt extension ratio Band pretension force Fare selected by weighted injury criteria(WIC)rule and the first-order response surface method.The four parameters have been optimized by using orthogonal test design of four factors with five levels and the optimum combination A5L1B1F5 has been chosen by range and variance analyses.The results show that occupant restraint system performance has been optimized and improved,while meeting the chest deceleration calculation peak based on TESW.

关键词： full frontal impact tipped equivalent square wave occupant restraint system

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Influences of external restraint on welding distortion in low carbon steel bead-on thin plate joints

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China Welding 2017年第1期26卷 9-14页

作者：周一俊邓德安刘晓占毕涛 College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400045

The out-of-plane deformation is a serious problem in thin-plate welded joint,and it is difficult to reduce or control the distortion during welding process. External restraint is regarded as an effective method to mitigate the distortion,and it is widely used in the actual manufacturing process. In order to investigate the influence of external restraint on welding deformation in thin plate joints,a thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method based on ABAQUS software was developed to calculate welding-induced deformation. Meanwhile,welding deformation in the thin-plate joints was measured by experiments.Through comparing the numerical results with the measured data,the effectiveness of the developed computational approach was verified. Based on the simulated and experimental results,the generation mechanism of the out-of-plane deformation in thin plate bead-on joint was discussed,and the influence of external restraint on the final welding deformation was clarified.

关键词： numerical simulation external restraint out-of-plane deformation transverse shrinkage tendon force

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Hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rodent brain impairs serotonergic neuronal function in certain dorsal raphé nuclei

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 457-463页

作者： Hanna E.Reinebrant Julie A.Wixey Kathryn M.Buller UQ Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia(HI)results in losses of serotonergic neurons in specific dorsal raphe nuclei.However,not all serotonergic raphe neurons are lost and it is therefore important to assess the function of remaining neurons in order to understand their potential to contribute to neurological disorders in the HI-affected neonate.The main objective of this study was to determine how serotonergic neurons,remaining in the dorsal raphe nuclei after neonatal HI,respond to an external stimulus(restraint stress).On postnatal day 3(P3),male rat pups were randomly allocated to one of the following groups:(i)control+no restraint(n=5),(ii)control+restraint(n=6),(iii)P3 HI+no restraint(n=5)or(iv)P3 HI+restraint(n=7).In the two HI groups,rat pups underwent surgery to ligate the common carotid artery and were then exposed to 6%O2 for 30 minutes.Six weeks after P3 HI,on P45,rats were subjected to restraint stress for 30 minutes.Using dual immunolabeling for Fos protein,a marker for neuronal activity,and serotonin(5-hydroxytrypamine;5-HT),numbers of Fos-positive 5-HT neurons were determined in five dorsal raphe nuclei.We found that restraint stress alone increased numbers of Fos-positive 5-HT neurons in all five dorsal raphe nuclei compared to control animals.However,following P3 HI,the number of stress-induced Fos-positive 5-HT neurons was decreased significantly in the dorsal raphe ventrolateral,interfascicular and ventral nuclei compared with control animals exposed to restraint stress.In contrast,numbers of stress-induced Fos-positive 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe dorsal and caudal nuclei were not affected by P3 HI.These data indicate that not only are dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons lost after neonatal HI,but also remaining dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons have reduced differential functional viability in response to an external stimulus.Procedures were approved by the University of Queensland Animal Ethics Committee(UQCCR958/08/NHMRC)on February 27,2009.

关键词： dorsal raphe nuclei Fos hypoxia-ischemia neonate newborn brain injury preterm restraint stress serotonin

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Chronic restraint stress impairs ischemia-induced neovascularization through DPP-4-dependent pathway

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中国循环杂志 2018年第S1期33卷 129-130页

作者： Juntao Fang Liyuan Zhu Shangyu Liu Sheng Hu Huifeng Hao Siyuan Wang Kaihao Wang Miao Wang Yida Tang Ping Li State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease National Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesFuwai HospitalCAMS and PUMCBeijingChina

Background and Objective The morbidity of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease(LEAD)has increased year by year.Chronic stress attenuates the ability of angiogenesis and deteriorates the prognosis of LEAD.Chronic stress increases plasma and tissue DPP-4 activities in mice.DPP-4 plays an important role in angiogenesis.Therefore,we hypothesized that chronic stress exerted its cardiovascular effects by increasing DPP-4 activation.We investigated the role of DPP-4/GLP-1 axis in ischemiainduced neovascularization in mice under restraint stress.

关键词： DPP-4-dependent pathway lower extremity atherosclerotic disease(LEAD) restraint stress

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Safety awareness and use of child safety seats among parents after the legislation in Shanghai

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第2期22卷 85-87页

作者： Lei Niu Yan-Min Gao Ying Tian Shu-Ming Pan Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai 201318 China Department of Emergency Medicine Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200092 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Children's Health Shanghai 200092 China

Purpose:To investigate the changes and underlying mechanisms in parents' safety awareness and the use of child safety seats after the mandatory legislation in Shanghai city,China.Methods:This study was carried out by Shanghai Key Laboratory of Environment and Children's Health using a multi-stage,simple random sampling method.Volunteers with children aged 0-12 months were recruited.Child safety seats were sent to each volunteer's family.Telephone encounters and/or on-site visits were used to collect data from parents using a phased survey on children's safety during car use.Results:Among all respondents,91.2% had heard of motor vehicle accidents involving children,and 97.2% could describe the appropriate use of a safety seat to minimize the risk of child injury in a collision.Among 1078 families with newborns,awareness of child safety seats was 91.9%.There were 86% patients aware that new laws and regulations have been released regarding the use of child safety seats,and 98.5% of them plan to comply with the new laws.Moreover,61% patients think that taxis should be routinely equipped with child safety seats.Conclusion:The parents in Shanghai obtained a high level of awareness of children's traffic safety after the introduction of child safety seats legislation,and had a positive experience related to the use of child safety seats.Taxi may be an important area of focus for implementation of child traffic safety.Traffic safety laws and regulations with further impact should be continuously studied.

关键词： Child Child restraint systems Traffic injuries Awareness Shanghai

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Urodynamic Characteristics of Awake Rats under Retrained versusFreely Moving Condition：Using a Novel Model

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2016年第2期36卷 226-230页

作者：陈彪章慧平田渤臻袁红方叶章群黄骁燕 Department of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology wuhan 430030 China Institute of Urology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China Institute of Family Planning Research Center of Reproductive Medicine TongJi Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China Department of General Medicine Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China

Urodynamic investigation in conscious rats is widely employed to explore functional bladder disorders of various etiologies and pathogeneses. Rats can be placed in restraining cages or wide cabinets where they are allowed to move freely during cystometry. However, the requirements of special devices hampered the application of urodynamic test in freely moving rats, and whether the restraint has any effects on urodynamic parameters in conscious rats remains obscure. In the present study, we described a novel approach for urodynamic investigation in both restrained and freely moving conscious rats. In addition, we for the first time systematically compared the urodynamic parameters of rats in the two conditions. With the current method, we successfully recorded stable and repeatable intravesical pressure traces and collected expected reliable data, which supported the idea that the restraint does not affect the activity of the micturition reflex in rats, provided sufficient and appropriate measures could be applied during cystometry. Fewer technique problems were encountered during urodynamic examination in restrained rats than in freely moving ones. Taken together, conscious cystometry in rats placed in restraining cages with proper managements is a reliable and practical approach for evaluating the detrusor activity and bladder function.

关键词： urodynamics cystometry bladder function rat restraint

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Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae or boulardii yeasts on acute stress induced intestinal dysmotility

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10532-10544页

作者： Christine West Andrew M Stanisz Annette Wong Wolfgang A Kunze McMaster Brain-Body Institute St. Joseph’s Healthcare Department of Biology McM aster University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences Mc Master University

AIM To investigate the capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(S. cerevisiae) and Saccharomyces boulardii(S. boulardii) yeasts to reverse or to treat acute stress-related intestinal dysmotility.METHODS Adult Swiss Webster mice were stressed for 1 h in a wire-mesh restraint to induce symptoms of intestinal dysmotility and were subsequently killed by cervical dislocation. Jejunal and colon tissue were excised and placed within a tissue perfusion bath in which S. cerevisiae, S. boulardii, or their supernatants were administered into the lumen. Video recordings of contractility and gut diameter changes were converted to spatiotemporal maps and the velocity, frequency, and amplitude of propagating contractile clusters(PCC) were measured. Motility pre- and post-treatment was compared between stressed animals and unstressed controls. RESULTS S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae helped to mediate the effects of stress on the small and large intestine. restraint stress reduced jejunal transit velocity(mm/s)from 2.635 ± 0.316 to 1.644 ± 0.238, P restraint stress increased colonic transit velocity(mm/s) from 0.864 ± 0.183 to 1.432 ± 0.329, P < 0.001 and frequency to a lesser degree. Luminal application of S. boulardii helped to restore jejunal and colonic velocity towards the unstressed controls; 1.833 ± 0.688 to 2.627 ± 0.664, P < 0.001 and 1.516 ± 0.263 to 1.036 ± 0.21, P < 0.001, respectively. S. cerevisiae also had therapeutic effects on the stressed gut, but was most apparent in the jejunum. S. cerevisiae increased PCC velocity in the stressed jejunum from 1.763 ± 0.397 to 2.017 ± 0.48, P = 0.0031 and PCC frequency from 0.016 ± 0.009 to 0.027 ± 0.007, P < 0.001. S. cerevisiae decreased colon PCC velocity from 1.647 ± 0.187 to 1.038 ± 0.222, P < 0.001. Addition of S. boulardii or S. cerevisiae supernatants also helped to restore motility to unstressed values in similar capacity. CONCLUSION There is a potential therapeutic role for S. cerevi

关键词： Intestine Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces boulardii restraint stress Motility

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Enhancing buckling capacity of a rectangular plate under uniaxial compression by utilizing an auxetic material

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第4期29卷 945-951页

作者： Zhang Yongcun Li Xiaobin Liu Shutian State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment Department of Engineering Mechanics Dalian University of Technology

Auxetic materials have previously been shown to enhance various performances due to its unusual property of becoming fatter when uniaxially stretched and thinner when uniaxially compressed(i.e., the materials exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio). The current study focuses on assessing the potential of an auxetic material to enhance the buckling capacity of a rectangular plate under uniaxial compression. The in-plane translational restraint along the unloaded edges that was often neglected in open literature is taken into consideration in our buckling model proposed in this study. The closed-form expressions for the critical buckling coefficient of the rectangle are provided and the predicted results agree well with those determined by the finite element method. Furthermore, the results indicate that the buckling performance of a rectangular plate under uniaxial compression can be significantly improved by replacing the traditional material that has a positive Poisson's ratio with an auxetic material when there is in-plane translation restraint along the unloaded edges.

关键词： Auxetic material Buckling Elastically restraint Negative Poisson’s ratio Optimization

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