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Exotic and invasive species compromise the seed bank and seed rain dynamics in forests undergoing restoration at urban regions

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1019-1026页

作者： Vinícius Londe Hildeberto Caldas de Sousa Alessandra R.Kozovits Graduate Program in ecology of Tropical Biomes Department of BiodiversityEvolution and EnvironmentFederal University of Ouro Pretocampus Morro do Cruzeiro

The control of exotic and invasive species in areas undergoing recovery is a challenge for ecological restoration and this problem may be even greater in urbanized areas. This study evaluated the seed bank and seed rain of a 5-year-old riparian forest located at the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte in southeast Brazil, and verified changes over time in the abundance and species richness and whether planted species already were providing propagules to the site. At the forest, fifteen parcels of 100 m2 were distributed randomly and soil samples were collected thrice (October 2011, March 2012 and July 2012) to evaluate the seed bank. Seed traps were installed in nine parcels to collect propagules over 1 year. Propagules were segregated and germinate at greenhouse. Species richness and abundance were estimated, and variance and similarity were quantified. In total, 86 species were recorded in the seed banks, 41.9% natives and 33.7% exotics, with the predominance of herbs (87.2%) and only 7% of trees. Species classified as weeds amounted to 52.3%. In the seed rain 642 seedlings germinated but they belonged to only 10 species, half of them were exotics. Regarding life forms, half of the species were arboreal and dominated the samples, highlighting the exotic species Melia azedarach. The species richness of the seed bank did not differ by season, unlike the seed rain which varied significantly by month. Seed bank and seed rain species had a very low floristic similarity with the list of planted species, suggesting that few planted trees had dispersed or were stocking propagules. Many non-planted species were recorded, mostly exotics and/or invasive that were probably derived from the surrounding urban matrix. These might interrupt the successional dynamics of the restoration forest and compromise the restoration process in the medium and long-terms. Our results highlight: (1) the importance of monitoring areas undergoing restoration; (2) that restoration me

关键词： Exotic plants Monitoring indicators restoration ecology Urban forests

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Development of plant communities after restoration of the Antaibao mining site, China

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第2期4卷 222-227页

作者： Xiaoyu GUO Guilian ZHANG Huili GONG Kaiyun WANG Jintun ZHANG Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Geography Information System College of ResourceEnvironment and TourismCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100037China Chinese Academy of Science-Max Planck Society Partner Institute for Computational Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

To investigate the dynamic changes in the artificial vegetation in an abandoned mining site,we analyzed the re lationships among community types,environmental variables and community structure in the process of vegetation restoration in the Antaibao mining site,China by survey of the communities and use of biological dating *** means of the quantitative classification method(two-way indicator-species analysis,TWINSPAN)and the ordination technique(de-trended correspondence analysis,DCA;and de-trended canonical correspondence analysis,DCCA),the plant communities were classified into seven groups:community I,Robinia pseudoacacia+Pimus tabulaeformis-Caragana kor-shinskii-Agropyron cristatum;community II,Robinia pseudoacacia-Hippophae rhamnoides-Artemisia capil-laries;community II,Ulmus pumila-Elaeagmus angu-stifolia-Artemisia capillaries;community IV,Caragana korshinskii-Agropyron cristatum+Artemisia capillaries;community V,Hippophae rhamnoides-Elymus dahur-icus;community VI,Elaeagnus angustifolia+Hippophae rhamnoides-Brassica jucea;community VII,Hippophae rhammoides+Elaeagnus angustifolia-Salsola *** conclude that the community types and diversity are mainly influenced by the succession time and the soil organic matter *** forest community is more adaptable to the special inhabitation than the shrub community.

关键词： mining site plant community succession recovery of vegetation restoration ecology species diversity Shanxi

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Characteristics of regional climate change and pattern analysis on Ordos Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2002年第4期14卷 568-576页

作者： LI Guo qing ZHENG Yuan run Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation ecology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China.

The characteristics of precipitation, temperature and their combination determine the special ecological environment pattern of Ordos Plateau. Analyzing its evolutionary trend attributes to understanding the succession process of the ecological environment of Ordos Plateau and has crucial instructional significance on the ecological restoration research being conducted in this region. Four time scales, arranging from ten days, one month, one season(growing season contrasting to non growing season)to one year were adopted to analyze the climate data which included nearly 30 years and were collected by eight weather stations on Ordos Plateau. The results indicated that the mean annual temperature and the mean monthly temperature of February, September and December, had increased significantly during the late 30 years. The annual precipitation did not show significant changes but its distribution pattern had changed obviously. The ratio of precipitation of major growing season (May October)to annual precipitation had increased distinctively,and five counties' precipitation reached statistically significant level. And the ratio of precipitation of latter growing season (September)to one year decreased significantly while the ratio of non growing season(November next April)to one year changed insignificantly. The results showed that maybe the interaction of increased mean temperature and insignificant change of precipitation in non growing season was one of the reasons why the desertification of the region was deteriorating in recent years. Using some factors closely relating to vegetation succession such as mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, distributive pattern of precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest month, mean temperature of the warmest month, precipitation of the warmest month, mean temperature of growing season, precipitation of growing season, potential evapotranspiration(PET)and radiative dryness index(RDI), to synthetically anal

关键词： climate change climatic synthetical regionalization restoration ecology Ordos Plateau

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Seed movement of bare alkali-saline patches and their potential role in the ecological restoration in Songnen grassland, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2005年第4期16卷 270-274页

作者： WU Ling HE Nian-peng ZHOU Dao-wei Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation ecology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100093 P R. China Key Laboratory for Vegetation ecology Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China

The dynamics of soil seed banks and seed movement was investigated in three bare alkali-saline patches in Songnen grassland, Northeast China, for exploring their potential role in the vegetation restoration of bare alkali-saline patches. The results showed that the seed banks and the seed movement in these patches were very similar to each other, and to some extent the seed movement was related to patch-side vegetation there. Seed movement across the soil surface of these bare alkali-saline patches was abundant and dominated by the seeds of pioneer species, such as Chloris virgata and Suaeda corniculata, which accounted for over 96% of these trapped seeds. In the contrast, soil seed banks of bare patches were extremely small, in different seasons, especially in May and June, even no any seed have been found, mainly due to lowest retaining capacity of surface soil to those abundant seed movement. Both soil seed banks and seed movement showed seasonal variation, and usually reached the maximum in October. Soil seed banks of bare alkali-saline patches, which were extremely small and difficult to recruit naturally, may inhibit speed of vegetation restoration. It is suggested that seed movement would be the potential seed source and play a potentially important role in the process of vegetation restoration of bare alkali-saline patches by enhancing the soft retaining capacity to seed movement.

关键词： Soil seed banks Seed movement Bare alkali-saline patches restoration ecology

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Innovative methods of marine ecosystem restoration /

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2013年

作者： Thomas J. Goreau Robert Kent Trench

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Artificial Management Improves Soil Moisture, C, N and P in an Alpine Sandy Meadow of Western China

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Pedosphere 2011年第3期21卷 407-412页

作者： WU Gao-Lin LI Wei ZHAO Ling-Ping SHI Zhi-Hua State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University Yangling712100 (China) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource Yangling712100 (China) Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland ecology of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 (China)

Regeneration of degraded grassland ecosystems is a significant issue in restoration ecology globally. To understand the effects of artificial management measures on alpine meadows, we surveyed topsoil properties including moisture, organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents five years after fencing and fencing + reseeding management practices in a sandy meadow in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, northwestern China. Both the fencing and fencing + reseeding management practices significantly increased soil moisture storage, SOC, total N, available N, total P, and available P, as compared to the unmanaged control. Fencing plus reseeding was more effective than fencing alone for improving soil C, N, and P contents. These suggested that rehabilitation by reseeding and fencing generally had favorable effects on the soil properties in degraded sandy alpine meadows, and was an effective approach for restoration of degraded meadow ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： degraded ecosystem fencing reseeding restoration ecology soil properties

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Effect of forest disturbance on myxomycete assemblages in the southwestern Peruvian Amazon

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第2期59卷 45-53页

作者： Carlos Rojas Steven L.Stephenson Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería and Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa RicaSan Pedro de Montes de Oca 11501-2060Costa Rica Department of Biological Sciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701-1201USA

Although the effects of microenvironmental factors on distribution patterns in myxomycetes have been investigated,studies of the responses of this group of organisms to different regimes of forest disturbance are relatively few in *** an effort to understand the implications of forest fragmentation and habitat loss on myxomycetes,the project described herein was carried out at the Los Amigos Biological Station in southeastern *** structure and composition of assemblages of myxomycetes were investigated in relation to three different forest types and climatic periods in the area of *** analysis of the most commonly recorded substrates was carried out as *** results suggested that habitat loss,through differences in forest structure,was the factor determining most of the differences in fruiting body abundance of myxomycetes among forest *** addition,a switch in the ecological strategy of dispersal seemed to be an important factor accounting for differences in the fruiting body abundance and structure of assemblages of myxomycetes between collecting *** study provides evidence indicating that for microbial assemblages to maintain the balance of functional interactions within a particular forest ecosystem,the conservation of the forests themselves should be considered.

关键词： Biogeography Microbial ecology Mycetozoans Myxogastrids restoration ecology

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Principles for managing marine ecosystems prone to tipping points

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第5期1卷 15-32页

作者： Kimberly A.Selkoe Thorsten Blenckner Margaret R.Caldwell Larry B.Crowder Ashley L.Erickson Timothy E.Essington James A.Estes Rod M.Fujita Benjamin S.Halpern Mary E.Hunsicker Carrie V.Kappel Ryan P.Kelly John N.Kittinger Phillip S.Levin John M.Lynham Megan E.Mach Rebecca G.Martone Lindley A.Mease Anne KSalomon Jameal F.Samhouri Courtney Scarborough Adrian C.Stier Crow White Joy Zedler National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis 735 State StreetSuite 300Santa BarbaraCalifornia 93101 USA Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of HawaiiKaneoheHawaii 96744 USA Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm UniversityKra¨ftriket 2B10691 StockholmSweden Center for Ocean Solutions Stanford Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford University473 Via Ortega Room 193StanfordCalifornia 94305 USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195 USA Department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology 100 Shaffer RoadUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCalifornia 95060 USA Environmental Defense Fund 123 Mission Street28th FloorSan FranciscoCalifornia 94105 USA Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106 USA Imperial College London Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst RoadAscot SL57PY United Kingdom School of Marine and Environmental Affairs University of Washington3707 Brooklyn Avenue NESeattleWashington 98105-6715 USA Conservation International Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science and Oceans7192 Kalaniana‘ole HighwaySuite G230HonoluluHawaii 96825 USA Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Marine Fisheries ServiceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112 USA Department of Economics University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822 USA School of Resource and Environmental Management Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish Columbia V5A1S6 Canada Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCalifornia 93407 USA Botany Department University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA

As climatic changes and human uses intensify,resource managers and other decision makers are taking actions to either avoid or respond to ecosystem tipping points,or dramatic shifts in structure and function that are often costly and hard to *** indicates that explicitly addressing tipping points leads to improved management *** on theory and examples from marine systems,we distill a set of seven principles to guide effective management in ecosystems with tipping points,derived from the best available *** principles are based on observations that tipping points(1)are possible everywhere,(2)are associated with intense and/or multifaceted human use,(3)may be preceded by changes in earlywarning indicators,(4)may redistribute benefits among stakeholders,(5)affect the relative costs of action and inaction,(6)suggest biologically informed management targets,and(7)often require an adaptive response to *** suggest that early action to preserve system resilience is likely more practical,affordable,and effective than late action to halt or reverse a tipping *** articulate a conceptual approach to management focused on linking management targets to thresholds,tracking early-warning signals of ecosystem instability,and stepping up investment in monitoring and mitigation as the likelihood of dramatic ecosystem change *** approach can simplify and economize management by allowing decision makers to capitalize on the increasing value of precise information about threshold relationships when a system is closer to tipping or by ensuring that restoration effort is sufficient to tip a system into the desired regime.

关键词： critical transition ecosystem-based management marine spatial planning nonlinear relationships restoration ecology stakeholder engagement

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The Importance of Ecological Redundancy for Ecosystems restoration

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Research in ecology 2021年第2期3卷 25-31页

作者： Vinícius Londe Escola de Educação Popular Street 208postal code 1070-118LisbonPortugal

restoration ecology is a multidisciplinary science that exchanges several concepts with other scientific fields to improve its *** this article,I discuss the ecological redundancy concept and its implications and applications on ecological *** redundancy was coined in the early 1990s to characterize those species that play similar(equivalent)functions in the *** concept made it possible to segregate species into functional groups that operate in maintaining the system.I searched the literature and found that although some restoration models naturally consider this concept,studies in areas undergoing restoration which directly measure and test the ecological redundancy are still rare(n=14).I provide evidence that distinguishing redundant species and identifying key species is feasible for ecological ***,I suggest that redundancy should also be part of the restoration monitoring,for example,by checking if functional groups have been *** predicts that if ecological redundancy is correctly incorporated in restoration,projects with more chances of success will be created because redundancy tends to increase ecosystem *** is a crucial factor for restoration sustainability in a changing environment.

关键词： Ecosystem resilience Functional groups Functional redundancy restoration ecology

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Ecosystem restoration:Enhancing Ecosystem Services with Floating Aquaculture

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Journal of Fisheries Science 2022年第2期4卷 40-48页

作者： Daniel Rittschof Sergey Dobretsov Duke University Marine Laboratory Nicholas SchoolDuke UniversityUSA Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman Department of Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman

restoration ecologists recognize the need for restoring ecosystem services in sustainable ways that meet societal *** the UK,Ireland,Australia,and some US states the goal is restoring native oyster *** other states,failures at restoration due to poor water quality and predation have focused restoration activities on techniques that work,restoring intertidal reefs and generating living shorelines that reduce or reverse *** the United States,restoring water quality and reducing or reversing erosion are societally accepted entry points for repairing estuarine *** study is an overview of the current status of oyster reef restoration and provide a novel approach called“oyster reef in a bag”.Combining oyster reef restoration efforts with existing floating oyster aquaculture technology generates novel ecosystems that are a combination of biofouling and oyster reef *** novel ecosystems could be a practical beginning to improve water quality,mitigate erosion and restore higher trophic level ecosystem services.

关键词： Oyster reefs restoration ecology Aquaculture restoration Management Novel ecosystems

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