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restoration of Forested Lands under Bauxite Mining with Emphasis on Guyana during the First Two Decades of the XXI Century: A Review

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第11期8卷 41-67页

作者： Susy Lewis Judith Rosales University of Guyana Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Georgetown Guyana

Mining poses a major environmental threat to tropical forest ecosystems, given its role in long-term forest degradation. Like Suriname, Guyana presents one of the less disturbed forested lands in South America. The local economy is improving, thanks to the development of mining which is primarily focused on gold, diamond, and bauxite. This, however, has resulted in long-term degradation of important forest ecosystems and the pollution of water bodies, and these have given rise to increasing concentrations of sediments. Taking into consideration the afore-mentioned, this review synthesizes, for the first time, literature which describes knowledge-based restoration practices in forested fragmented landscapes at different bauxite mining areas. The principal objective of this endeavor is to learn from case studies that have been carried out in the Neotropics especially in South America, with a view to applying best practices to the Guyana context. It has been found that mining presents a serious challenge for physical, chemical, and biological restoration. Comprehensive knowledge of the ecology of the landscape—structure and configuration, soil type, physical, chemical and biological properties, dispersal mode, and the identification and quantification/inventory of plant communities is critically important pinpointed for planning restoration programmes. The process of recovering some of the ecological functions of the pristine forest, through natural regeneration, is vital to supporting biodiversity in overburden dumps and to mitigating environmental impacts. One of these many functions, functional connectivity, can be enhanced to optimize the restoration of forest cover leading to an increase in local biodiversity. Bearing in mind the afore-stated, this review synthesizes passive and active restoration through reforestation with local and exotic species, ecological management of colonization, nucleation practices, and the use of Landscape Ecology models. These have been identified as the most appropriate to follow,

关键词： Bauxite Mining Connectivity Forest Degradation Guyana Reclamation restoration

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restoration and Rehabilitationof Degenerate Upland Ecosystem

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 1999年第3期 34-40页

作者： BaoWeikai ChenQingheng Chendu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041

he proper spatial scale, targets, strategies, approaches and measures of restoring and rehabilitating degenerate upland ecosystems are presented, with reference to the theory and experience developed from the research... 详细信息

关键词： restoration

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restoration,Strengthening and Planning in Italian and German Reconstruction after World War Ⅱ:Essay in Three Steps

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2019年第2期13卷 115-124页

作者： Emanuela Sorbo Department of Architecture Construction Conservation Università IUAV di VeneziaDorsoduro 220630123VeniceItaly

Post WWⅡ reconstruction took place at a time of fundamental importance for our understanding of the divide,theoretical and technical,between consolidation,reconstruction and restoration.Indeed,this period represents the moment in which the earliest stages of this rift emerged.In this essay,we shall attempt to provide an account of this phenomenon by citing case studies considered important within the Italian and German context:post-WWⅡ reconstruction work in the Veneto region(at key sites such as the Basilica Palladiana in Vicenza,the Palazzo dei Trecento in Treviso and the Church of the Eremitani in Padua),reconstruction of the Alte Pinakothek in Munich,and reconstruction and work for new use of the hospital,Ospedale Maggiore,in Milan,as a seat for the Università Statale.Considering these instances provides us with an opportunity to reconsider the transition,theoretical and technical,between conservation of ruins and reconstruction of memory.

关键词： Cultural heritage post-WWⅡreconstruction cultural memory and identities architectural restoration and conservation

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Formation mechanisms and remediation techniques for low-efficiency artificial shelter forests on the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第8期14卷 837-848页

作者： WANG Yaobin SHANGGUAN Zhouping State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

The construction of artificial shelter forests(ASFs)has resulted in substantial ecological,economic,and societal benefits to the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP).However,the health and benefits of ASFs are being increasingly threatened by the formation of low-efficiency artificial shelter forests(LEASFs).In this study,LEASFs are systematically analyzed in terms of their status,formation mechanisms,and developmental obstacles.The key restoration techniques and schemes were summarized to improve the quality and efficiency of LEASFs.LEASFs are formed by relatively complex mechanisms,but they arise mainly due to poor habitat conditions,improper tree species selections,mismatch between stands and habitat,extensive forest management measures,and human interferences.The restoration and improvement of LEASFs are hindered by water deficits,mismatch between stands and habitat,single management purpose,and low efficiency.LEASFs are becoming more complex due to their wide range,the challenges associated with their restoration,and insufficient technological measures for their restoration.The key techniques of the quality and efficiency improvement of LEASFs include basic forest tending methods,near-natural restoration,multifunction-oriented improvement,and systematic restoration.An understanding on the formation mechanisms of LEASFs and a scientific approach toward their restoration are urgently needed and critical for the ecological protection and high-quality development of LEASFs on the CLP.Based on these analyses,we recommend strengthening the monitoring and supervision of LEASFs,considering the bearing capacity of regional water resources,implementing multiple restoration techniques,promoting multifunction-oriented ecological development,and exploring new management concepts to achieve the sustainable development of ASFs on the CLP.

关键词： low-efficiency artificial shelter forests restoration forest management multifunctional forestry near-natural forestry Three-North Shelter Forest Chinese Loess Plateau

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restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

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Journal of World Architecture 2018年第1期2卷 33-38页

作者： Vail Karakale Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMarmara UniversityGoztepe KampusuKadikoy34722 IstanbulTurkey

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

关键词： restoration historical buildings architectural fabric heritage seismic

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restoration of Coast Redwood (<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>) Forests through Natural Recovery

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Open Journal of Forestry 2014年第2期4卷 106-111页

作者： Will Russell Jeff Sinclair Kristin Hageseth Michels Department of Environmental Studies San José State University San Jose USA

The management of second-growth Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood) forests for the purpose of restoration and ecological conservation is a growing trend. However, little is known about the long-term regenerative potential of this forest type in the absence of post-harvest management techniques such as thinning and planting. Data on forest composition and structure were collected on a chronosequence (80 - 160 years) of mature recovering stands in the southern coast redwood range using a replicated, randomized, plot design. Results indicated that many stand characteristics including tree density, canopy cover, redwood dominance, species richness, herbaceous cover, and shrub cover reached levels statistically equivalent with old-growth reference sites in recovering stands within the time frame of this chronosequence. The recovery of individual herbaceous understory species was inconsistent however. While the cover of redwood-associated species (Oxalis oregana, Trientalis latifolia, and Disporum hookeri) reached levels statistically equivalent to old-growth reference sites, others (Trillium ovatum and Viola sempervirens) did not. Total basal area and species evenness also trended toward, but did not reach, old-growth conditions. The arboreal aspects of coast redwood forests appear to be remarkably resilient following a single logging event, and recover rapidly in the absence of active restoration techniques. The protracted recovery of certain redwood associated herbaceous understory species will require further study.

关键词： Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens restoration Timber Harvest Natural Recovery

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Combination of artificial zeolite and microbial fertilizer to improve mining soils in an arid area of Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第9期15卷 1067-1083页

作者： LI Wenye ZHANG Jianfeng SONG Shuangshuang LIANG Yao SUN Baoping WU Yi MAO Xiao LIN Yachao School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China China ENFI Engineering Co. Ltd.Beijing 100038China PIESAT Information Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100195China Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Shanxi Dadi Minji Ecological Environment Co. Ltd.Beijing BranchBeijing 100083China Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wangcheng DistrictChangsha 410211China

restoration of mining soils is important to the vegetation and environment.This study aimed to explore the variations in soil nutrient contents,microbial abundance,and biomass under different gradients of substrate amendments in mining soils to select effective measures.Soil samples were collected from the Bayan Obo mining region in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Contents of soil organic matter(SOM),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),microbial biomass carbon/microbial biomass nitrogen(MBC/MBN)ratio,biomass,and bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes abundance were assessed in Agropyron cristatum L.Gaertn.,Elymus dahuricus Turcz.,and Medicago sativa L.soils with artificial zeolite(AZ)and microbial fertilizer(MF)applied at T0(0 g/kg),T1(5 g/kg),T2(10 g/kg),and T3(20 g/kg).Redundancy analysis(RDA)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)were used to identify the main factors controlling the variation of biomass.Results showed that chemical indices and microbial content of restored soils were far greater than those of control.The application of AZ significantly increases SOM,AN,and AP by 20.27%,23.61%,and 40.43%,respectively.AZ significantly increased bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes abundance by 0.63,3.12,and 1.93 times of control,respectively.RDA indicated that AN,MBC/MBN ratio,and SOM were dominant predictors for biomass across samples with AZ application,explaining 87.6%of the biomass variance.SOM,MBC/MBN ratio,and AK were dominant predictors with MF application,explaining 82.9%of the biomass variance.TOPSIS indicated that T2 was the best dosage and the three plant species could all be used to repair mining soils.AZ and MF application at T2 concentration in the mining soils with M.sativa was found to be the most appropriate measure.

关键词： amendment arid area mining soils restoration soil nutrition

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restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

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Journal of World Architecture 2019年第6期3卷 1-6页

作者： Vail Karakale Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMarmara UniversityGoztepe KampusuKadikoy34722 IstanbulTurkey

关键词： restoration Historical buildings Architectural fabric Heritage Seismic

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restoration of Damaged Ecosystem Services on Wetlands in Northern Part of the Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain (Russia)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第6期3卷 6-10页

作者： A. V. Lukonina G. Y. Klinkova N. B. Lopantzeva Botanic Garden of “Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University” Volgograd Russia Chair of Park-and-Garden and Landscape Construction of “Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University” Volgograd Russia Lower Volga and Northern Caspian Region of UNDP/GEF-MNR RF Project “Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation into Russia’s Energy Sector Policies and Operations” Volgograd Russia

Due to the regulation of the river Volga flow, expanding of the territories intended for construction and development of agriculture wetlands Volga-Akhtuba floodplain are being significantly transformed and are losing many of their qualities. Non-regulated loads lead to the break of natural physical and chemical characteristics of water bodies, loss of biodiversity, degradation of structure and functions of biological communities and, as a result, to decreasing of potential ecosystem services. restoration of the lost qualities of water ecosystems is a key factor in increasing sustainability of reclaimed landscapes and creating comfortable conditions for living of locals and their economic activity. On the territory of the biosphere reserve “Nature park” “Volga-Akhtuba floodplain” a number of model sites were defined in order for research projects and practical work on restoration of degraded landscapes to be executed. The widest range of the lost ecosystem qualities is being restored during work on Lake Zapornoye. restoration of ecosystem functions is being implemented according to the main economic activities carried out in this area. Ecosystem services of the area are specified in accordance with its functional purpose. The existing landscape and ecology conditions have been studied and estimated to see if the planned ecosystem services can be provided. The project suggests the following activities: restoration of hydro-morphological characteristics, reconstruction of habitats for biodiversity and their ecosystem services, improvement to restore and preserve recreational qualities of landscape. The project includes the monitoring the effectiveness of restoration. Monitoring program is based on indices of environmental assessment.

关键词： restoration of Wetlands Ecosystem Services the Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain

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restoration of Plant Landscapes in the Building Complex of Chanfu Temple and Wanfo Tower in Beihai Park

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Journal of Landscape Research 2015年第3期7卷 8-10页

作者： QIN Hongmei Institute of Urban Planning and Design Tianjin University

To restore plant landscapes in the building complex of Chanfu Temple and Wanfo Tower in Beihai Park, this paper proposed to review the historical development, explored plant selection and confi guration in Buddhist temple in the same period and same region, consulted literatures and fi gured out aesthetic intentions of the original owner. In addition, on the basis of further analysis of current situation and multiple bases as well as modern people's visiting and use needs, the paper gave suggestions for the plant confi guration of the temple.

关键词： restoration Plant landscape Buddhist temple Multiple bases

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