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Mapping the resting cysts of dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella along the coast of Qinhuangdao,China

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第6期40卷 2312-2321页

作者： Wenjiao TANG Huixia GENG Yanjuan XI Qingchun ZHANG Xuexi TANG Rencheng YU College of Marine Life Science Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Key Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Hebei Academy of Ocean and Fishery Science Qinhuangdao 066200China

Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a cosmopolitan bloom-forming species with complex life cycle,the formation and germination of resting cysts are critical for its bloom *** the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao,*** has been identified as the major causative agent for paralytic shellfish poisoning,but there is little knowledge concerning its resting cysts in this *** this study,three surveys were carried out along the coast of Qinhuangdao from 2020 to 2021 to map the distribution of *** resting cysts,using a quantitative PCR(qPCR)assay specific for *** resting cysts were detected in surface sediments during all the three surveys,and their distribution patterns were *** abundance of resting cysts(maximum 1300 cysts/g sediment(wet weight))were found in a region(119.62°E-119.99°E,39.67°N-39.98°N)northeast to the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao,where surface sediments were mainly composed of clay and silt(percentage above 50%).Prior to the formation of the *** bloom in March 2021,the abundance of *** vegetative cells in seawater had extremely significant positive correlation with the abundance of resting cysts in surface sediments,reflecting the important role of resting cysts in the initiation of *** *** far as we know,this is the first report on the distribution of *** cysts along the coast of *** results will of fer a sound basis for the future monitoring and mitigation of toxic *** blooms and paralytic shellfish poisoning events in this region.

关键词： harmful algal bloom(HAB) Alexandrium catenella resting cyst paralytic shellfish toxin(PST) Qinhuangdao

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Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第2期36卷 273-280页

作者：杨傲傲胡章喜唐赢中 CASKey Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266071 China

resting cysts are an important part of the life cycle for many harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellates, and play vital roles in the recurrence and geographical spread of harmful algal blooms. Numerous factors have been suggested to regulate the formation of resting cysts, although only a few have been proven to be significant. cyst formation can be induced by adverse environmental conditions such as drastic changes in temperature, light, salinity, and nutrient levels, and by biological interactions. In this study, we evaluated the ability of an artificial factor(fine sand particles) to enhance the formation of resting cysts. Fine sand particles were added to cultures of dinoflagellates that are known to produce cysts. The addition of fine sand particles significantly increased both the production rate and final yield of cysts in cultures of S crippsiella trochoidea, Biecheleria brevisulcata, and Levanderina fissa(= Gymnodinium fissum, Gyrodinium instriatum, Gyr odinium uncatenum). The largest increase in the final yield(107-fold) of cysts as a result of sand addition was in S. trochoidea. However, addition of fine sand particles did not induce cyst formation, or barely af fected cyst formation, in A kashiwo san guinea, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, which are also known to be cyst-producing species. We speculated that addition of sand significantly increased the chances of cell collision, which triggered cyst formation. However, further research is required to test this idea. Importantly, our findings indicate that the addition of fine sand particles is a useful method to obtain a large quantity of cysts in a short time for laboratory studies or tests; for example, if a cyst viability test is being used to assess the eff ectiveness of ships' ballast water treatment.

关键词： sand resting cyst encystment Scrippsiella trochoidea Biecheleria brevisulcata Levanderina fissa

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