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Chinese Chemical Letters 2011年第12期22卷 1465-1468页

作者： Rui Qi Wang Na Ni Wang Jia Jie Zhang Yan Zhu College of Environmental and Biological Engineering Chongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqing 400067China Department of Chemistry Xixi CampusZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310028China

The separation optimization of nine organic and inorganic anions in tobacco leaves using gradient ion chromatography by response surface methodology was investigated.In order to achieve this goal the usefulness of the chromatographic response function（CRF） for the evaluation of the two different chromatographic performance goals（resolution and analysis time） was tested. The experiments were performed according to a Box-Behnken design response surface experimental design.

关键词： response surface methodology Ion chromatography Gradient elution Tobacco leaves

Simulation and analysis of soil homogenization drills based on discrete element method and response surface methodology

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 128-148页

作者： Zhipeng Wang Tong Zhu Youzhao Wang Song Yang Feng Ma Xu Li Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering and AutomationNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China Liaoning Coning Testing Co. Ltd.Shenyang110170 China

Currently,rotary drilling is one of the main pieces of equipment used for in-situ remediation of contaminated soil.However,this equipment has problems such as uneven mixing and low utilization efficiency,which affect the efficiency of in-situ soil remediation.To improve the efficiency of in-situ soil remediation,this paper takes contaminated black soil as the research object,and the structural design of the new three-stage soil remediation auger is carried out based on SolidWorks.The mixing process of soil and heavy metal passivator under different motion and structural parameters was investigated by the discrete element method(DEM)and response surface methodology.The experimental design was based on rotational speed,homogenizing mixing time,crushing section pitch,and homogenizing section pitch as factors,and soil fragmentation ratio,the coefficient of dispersion,and torque as optimization indices.The kinematic and structural parameters of the three-stage auger drill bit were then optimized using the one-factor method,the orthogonal test,and the response surface methodology,respectively.The test method uses a one-way test to determine the central level value of the orthogonal test and a comprehensive balance method to determine the best combination of parameters for the orthogonal test,which is then used as the central value of the response surface test for parameter optimization.The optimal combinations of kinematic and structural parameters of the three-stage auger drill bit are determined and validated using response surface methodology.The optimum combination of parameters was found to be a speed of 129 rpm,a homogenizing mixing time of 24 s,a pitch of 165 mm in the crushing section,and a pitch of 132 mm in the homogenizing section.The error between the optimal value of the predicted model using the response surface method and the actual simulated value under the optimal parameters is 4.2%,4.9%,and 5.3%,respectively.The optimized factor parameters provide a reference for the design of the structural and kinem

关键词： Black soil Mixing homogeneity Orthogonal method response surface methodology Discrete element method Soil remediation

Performance Improvement of Two-Phase Steam Ejector based on CFD Techniques,response surface methodology and Genetic Algorithm

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 675-695页

作者： ZHANG Hao ZHAO Hongxia ZHANG Xiuao ZENG Hongxuan DENG Jianqiang School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJi’nan250061China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

The steam ejector is a crucial component in the waste heat recovery system.Its performance determines the amount of recovered heat and system efficiency.However,poor ejector performance has always been the main bottleneck for system applications.Therefore,this study proposes an optimization methodology to improve the steam ejector's performance by utilizing computational fluid dynamics(CFD) techniques,response surface methodology(RSM),and genetic algorithm(GA).Firstly,a homogeneous equilibrium model(HEM) was established to simulate the two-phase flow in the steam ejector.Then,the orthogonal test was presented to the screening of the key decision variables that have a significant impact on the entrainment ratio(ER).Next,the RSM was used to fit a response surface regression model(RSRM).Meanwhile,the effect of the interaction of geometric parameters on the performance of the steam ejector was revealed.Finally,GA was employed to solve the RSRM's global optimal ER value.The results show that the RSRM exhibits a good fit for ER(R^(2)=0.997).After RSM and GA optimization,the maximum ejector efficiency is 27.94%,which is 48.38% higher than the initial ejector of 18.83%.Furthermore,the optimized ejector efficiency is increased by 46.4% on average under off-design conditions.Overall,the results reveal that the combination of CFD,RSM,and GA presents excellent reliability and feasibility in the optimization design of a two-phase steam ejector.

关键词： two-phase steam ejector optimization methodology CFD techniques response surface methodology genetic algorithm homogeneous equilibrium model

Optimization of Three-Dimensional Culture Conditions of HepG2 Cells with response surface methodology Based on the VitroGel System

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期35卷 688-698页

作者： WANG Jing Bo QIN Wen YANG Zhuo SHEN Shi MA Yan WANG Li Yuan ZHUO Qin GONG Zhao Long HUO Jun Sheng CHEN Chen National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Centre for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

Objective This study optimizes three-dimensional(3D) culture conditions of HepG2 using response surface methodology(RSM) based on the VitroGel system to facilitate the cell model in vitro for liver tissues.Method HepG2 cell was 3D cultured on the VitroGel system.Cell viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay of HepG2 lived cell numbers.The proliferation of HepG2 cell and clustering performance was measured via fluorescence staining test.Albumin concentration in the culture medium supernatant as an index of HepG2 cell biological function was measured with ELISA kit.Independent factor tests were conducted with three key factors:inoculated cell concentration,cultured time,and dilution degree of the hydrogel.The preliminary results of independent factor tests were used to determine the levels of factors for RSM.Result The selected optimal culture conditions are as follows:concentration of inoculated cells was4.44 × 10^(5)/mL,culture time was 4.86 days,and hydrogel dilution degree was 1:2.23.The result shows that under optimal conditions,the predicted optical density(OD) value of cell viability was 3.10 and measured 2.978 with a relative error of 3.94%.Conclusion This study serves as a reference for the 3D HepG2 culture and constructs liver tissues in vitro.Additionally,it provides the foundation for repeated dose high-throughput toxicity studies and other scientific research work.

关键词： response surface methodology The three-dimensional culture Hydrogel

Optimization of manganese-rich slag extraction from low-manganese ore smelting by response surface methodology

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第10期29卷 1573-1582页

作者： Shuang-ping Yang Jiang-han Li Wen-bing Gao Hai-jin Liu College of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055ShaanxiChina

Manganese-rich slag is a raw material for smelting silicon–manganese alloys using an electric furnace.The blast furnace method is the main method for smelting manganese-rich slag.This method has the problems of a long process,large coke consumption,and easy volatilization of metals such as lead and zinc,which affects smelting safety.A new technology for smelting manganese-rich slag with low-manganese high-iron ore by smelting reduction optimization was proposed.This technology has the advantages of a short process,low energy consumption,low carbon emissions,and comprehensive recycling of lead,zinc,and other metals.According to the chemical composition,X-ray diffraction analysis,and particle size analysis of Cote d’Ivoire low-manganese ore,an experiment was carried out on manganese-rich slag by reduction–smelting separation.Combined with the design scheme of the Box–Behnken principle,three experimental factors(temperature,basicity,and carbon content)were selected as the influences to study.The influence that each factor has on the recovery rate of manganese was studied by response surface methodology,and the experimental factors were optimized.The results show that under the conditions of a reduction-smelting temperature of 1402℃,basicity of R=0.10,and carbon content of 10 mass%,the recovery rate of manganese is 97%.A verification experiment was carried out under the optimal conditions,and the error was only 1.24%;this proves that the response surface method prediction model is reliable and accurate.This is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of lean-manganese ore resources.

关键词： Low-manganese high-iron ore Manganese-rich slag response surface methodology Manganese recovery

Evaluation of phenanthrene removal from soil washing effluent by activated carbon adsorption using response surface methodology

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 399-405页

作者： Zenan Wang Xin Zheng Yan Wang Heng Lin Hui Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key LaboratorySchool of Resource and Environmental SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China

Soil washing is a promising technology for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)-contaminated sites,but surfactant needs to be recovered to reduce remediation cost and avoid secondary pollution.In this study,activated carbon(AC),prepared from waste walnut shells,was applied to the adsorptive removal of phenanthrene(PHE)from synthetic soil washing effluent with Tween 80 as a model surfactant.Box-Behnken statistical experiment design(BBD)and response surface methodology(RSM)were used to investigate the influence of AC dosage,Tween 80 concentration and adsorption time,and their potential interaction effect on PHE removal.A response surface model was established based on the BBD experimental results.The goodness of fit of the model was confirmed by determination coefficient,coefficient of variation(CV)and residuals analysis.The RSM model indicates that AC dosage or adsorption time had positive effect on PHE removal while Tween 80 concentration had negative effect.The interaction effect between AC dosage and Tween 80 concentration was significant but the other two interaction effects were not.The 3D response surface plots were developed based on the RSM equation.The RSM model was validated by an additional experiment and the obtained result of PHE removal was very close to the model prediction,indicating the RSM model can effectively predict the PHE removal from soil washing effluent with activated carbon adsorption.

关键词： Activated carbon Adsorption Phenanthrene response surface methodology Tween 80

Design optimization of guide vane for mitigating elbow erosion using computational fluid dynamics and response surface methodology

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Particuology 2022年第4期20卷 83-94页

作者： Anjun Li Zhenbo Wang Liyun Zhu Zengli Wang Jingyuan Shi Wensan Yang School of New Energy China University of Petroleum(East China)266580 ShandongChina CNPC East China Design Institute Co. Ltd.266071 ShandongChina

A90°elbow equipped with guide vanes was developed with the intent of reducing elbow erosion.Numerical models were formed to predict the maximum erosion rate of elbow and Face-1,and the response surface methodology was used to study the relationship between the erosion rate and structural parameters of guide vane.A second-order response surface model was established to determine the relationship between R and variables,and a reduced cubic(RC)polynomial model was obtained to reveal the relation-ship between R2 and the three factors.The numerical results show that the low-speed region is expended and the maximum discrete particle matter(DPM)concentration is reduced after installing the guide vane.This internal component provides a shelter for the elbow from the direct impact of high-speed solids.

关键词： Elbow Particle erosion Guide vane response surface methodology

Application of response surface methodology for Analysing and Optimizing the Finned Solar Air Heater

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 985-1009页

作者： Vineet SINGH Vinod Singh YADAV Vaibhav TRIVEDI Manoj KUMAR Niraj KUMAR Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering&TechnologyIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering NITUttarakhandPauriUttarakhandIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information TechnologyNoidaUttar Pradesh201309India

In this research paper,a solar air heater with triangular fins has been experimentally analysed and optimized.Initially,an experimental set-up of a solar air heater having triangular fins has been developed at the location of 28.10°N,78.23°E.The heat transfer rate through fins and fins efficiency has been determined by the Finite Difference Method model equations.The experimental data and modeled data of response parameters have been optimized in MINITAB-17 software by the response surface methodology tool.For creating the response surface design,three input parameters have been selected namely solar intensity,Reynolds number,and fin base-to-height ratio.The range of solar intensity,Reynolds number,and fin base-to-height ratio is 600 to 1000W/m^(2),4000 to 6000,and 0.4 to 0.8 respectively.The response surface design has been analyzed by calculating the outlet temperature,friction factor,Nusselt number,fin efficiency,thermal performance factor,and exergy efficiency.The optimum settings of input parameters:solar intensity is 1000 W/m^(2);Reynolds number is 4969.7,and the fin base to height ratio is 0.6060,on which these response:namely outlet temperature of 92.531℃,friction factor of 0.2350,Nusselt number of 127.761,thermal efficiency of 50.836%,thermal performance factor of 1.4947,and exergy efficiency of 8.762%.

关键词： solar air heater optimization fins exergy response surface methodology air

Application of response surface methodology for Analysis of Reheat Steam Temperatures in a Double Reheat Coal-Fired Boiler

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第6期31卷 2203-2215页

作者： ZHANG Jian XU Wei ZHANG Zhongxiao FAN Haojie WU Xiaojiang DONG Jiancong Institute of Thermal Energy Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Energy Research Institute Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing211167China

For the improvement of reheat steam quality and performance of double reheat coal-fired utility boiler under wide load operation, a variety of temperature regulation ways were utilized to adjust the energy distribution between different heating surfaces. In this paper, thermodynamic calculation based on the fundamental heat transfer theory was conducted for the analysis of temperature regulation strategy effects to steam temperature. In consideration of the specific overlapping heating surface arrangement, the compartment model was adopted to solve this problem. response surface methodology(RSM) was used to analysis the effect of each temperature regulating variables on the steam temperature and boiler efficiency;then the polynomial model was fitted to predict the primary and secondary steam temperature simultaneously. Results showed that the flue gas recirculation rate has a relatively significant influence on the steam temperature, the maximum temperature deviation between fitting value and calculation value is 3.85℃ in 75% THA;the quadratic model can well predict the steam temperature under different operation conditions in wide load change. The variation of flue gas baffle has a significant influence on the boiler efficiency, compared to the flue gas recirculation and angle of burner oscillation. The influence of various factors on the reheat steam temperature is flue gas baffle > flue gas recirculation > angle of burner oscillation.

关键词： reheat steam temperature flue gas baffle flue gas recirculation response surface methodology coal-fired boiler

Assessment of dead layers thickness of an HPGe detector after an extended operating period using response surface methodology and Box–Behnken design

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第4期7卷 599-610页

作者： A.Arectout H.Boukhal E.Chham E.Chakir F.Piñero-García M.Azahra H.El Yaakoubi K.Laazouzi T.El Ghalbzouri M.Assalmi ERSN Faculty of SciencesAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTetouanMorocco Department of Medical Radiation Sciences Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden LPMS Faculty of SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitraMorocco LBGPE Multidisciplinary FacultyMohammed First UniversityOujdaMorocco SCOLAb Fisica AplicadaFisica AplicadaMiguel Hernandez UniversityElcheSpain

Purpose This work aims to study the increase in dead layer thickness of an HPGe N-type detector during its operational period from 2012 to 2018.Methods The dead layer was examined along three Ge-crystal surfaces,such as outer frontal,outer lateral,and inner lateral.These parameters were optimized using response surface methodology(RSM)with a Box–Behnken design(BBD).The Monte Carlo calculations using the GAMOS(Geant4-based Architecture for Medicine-Oriented Simulations)code were performed to evaluate the detector’s efficiency at different values of the inactive germanium layer.Results and conclusion The optimal combination of dead layer thickness has been identified using the desirability function approach,which is a useful tool to optimize multi-response problems.To find the variation in dead layer thickness over the operational period,the optimization procedure was reiterated for both experimental efficiencies measured in 2012 and 2018.The obtained results show that dead layers thickness has increased from 0.6141 mm to 0.7447 mm,0.0803 mm to 2.2721 mm,and 1.5012 mm to 1.6091 mm for the outer frontal,outer lateral,and inner lateral surfaces,respectively.

关键词： Dead layer increase HPGe detector GAMOS code response surface methodology Box-Behnken design Multi-response optimization Desirability approach