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reservoir heterogeneity analysis using multi-directional textural attributes from deep learning-based enhanced acoustic impedance inversion:A study from Poseidon,NW shelf Australia

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 202-213页

作者： Anjali Dixit Animesh Mandal Shib Sankar Ganguli Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur208016India Marine and Deep Seismic CSIR-NGRIHyderabad500007India

reservoir heterogeneities play a crucial role in governing reservoir performance and ***,detailed and inter-well heterogeneity analyses are commonly performed by mapping seismic facies change in the seismic data,which is a time-intensive *** researchers have utilized a robust Grey-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)-based texture attributes to map reservoir ***,these attributes take seismic data as input and might not be sensitive to lateral lithology *** incorporate the lithology information,we have developed an innovative impedance-based texture approach using GLCM workflow by integrating 3D acoustic impedance volume(a rock propertybased attribute)obtained from a deep convolution network-based impedance *** proposed workflow is anticipated to be more sensitive toward mapping lateral changes than the conventional amplitude-based texture approach,wherein seismic data is used as *** evaluate the improvement,we applied the proposed workflow to the full-stack 3D seismic data from the Poseidon field,NW-shelf,*** study demonstrates that a better demarcation of reservoir gas sands with improved lateral continuity is achievable with the presented approach compared to the conventional *** addition,we assess the implication of multi-stage faulting on facies distribution for effective reservoir *** study also suggests a well-bounded potential reservoir facies distribution along the parallel fault ***,the proposed approach provides an efficient strategy by integrating the impedance information with texture attributes to improve the inference on reservoir heterogeneity,which can serve as a promising tool for identifying potential reservoir zones for both production benefits and fluid storage.

关键词： Seismic texture attributes Seismic acoustic impedance Multi-directional texture attributes reservoir heterogeneity reservoir characterization Poseidon field

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A semi-analytical rate-transient analysis model for light oil reservoirs exhibiting reservoir heterogeneity and multiphase flow

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Petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 309-321页

作者： Jin-Chang Li Bin Yuan Christopher R.Clarkson Jian-Quan Tian Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao266580ShandongPR China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongPR China Department of Geoscience University of CalgaryABT2L2N5Canada

Rate-transient analysis(RTA)has been widely applied to extract estimates of reservoir/hydraulic fracture ***,the majority of RTA techniques can lead to misdiagnosis of reservoir/fracture information when the reservoir exhibits reservoir heterogeneity and multiphase flow *** work proposes a practical-yet-rigorous method to decouple the effects of reservoir heterogeneity and multiphase flow during TLF,and improve the evaluation of reservoir/fracture properties.A new,general,semi-analytical model is proposed that explicitly accounts for multiphase flow,fractalbased reservoir heterogeneity,anomalous diffusion,and pressure-dependent fluid *** is achieved by introducing a new Boltzmann-type transformation,the exponent of which includes reservoir heterogeneity and anomalous *** order to decouple the effects of reservoir heterogeneity and multiphase flow during TLF,the modified Boltzmann variable allows the conversion of three partial differential equations(PDE's)(i.e.,oil,gas and water diffusion equations)into ordinary differential equations(ODE's)that are easily solved using the Runge-Kutta(RK)method.A modified time-power-law plot is also proposed to estimate the reservoir and fracture properties,recognizing that the classical square-root-of-time-plot is no longer valid when various reservoir complexities are exhibited *** the slope of the straight line on the modified time-power-law plot,the linear flow parameter can be estimated with more ***,because of the new Boltzmann-type transformation,reservoir and fracture properties can be derived more efficiently without the need for defining complex pseudo-variable *** the new semi-analytical model,the effects of multiphase flow,reservoir heterogeneity and anomalous diffusion on rate-decline behavior are *** the case of approximately constant flowing pressure,multiphase flow impacts initial oil rate,which is a funct

关键词： Transient linear flow Multiphase flow reservoir heterogeneity Unconventional reservoirs

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Numerical study on the effect of reservoir heterogeneity and gas supply on hydrate accumulation in subsea shallow formations

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Petroleum Research 2021年第2期6卷 91-115页

作者： Liang Zhang Rong Feng Songhe Geng Xin Li Fangping Yan Shaoran Ren School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(China University of Petroleum(East China)) Ministry of EducationQingdao 266580China Zhongyuan Oilfield SinopecPuyang457000China Lusheng Company Shengli OilfieldSinopecDongying257000China Department of Petroleum Engineering Chengde Petroleum College067000China

Seepage-type gas hydrate accumulation in subsea shallow formations involves complicated thermohydro-solid coupling processes and matching problem between various accumulation *** physical properties control local natural gas migration pathway and thus the final reservoircharacteristics of *** this paper,a novel mixed-flux model for gas hydrate accumulation isestablished and then used to simulate the process of methane gas migration into the shallow stratum toform a hydrate *** effects of reservoir heterogeneity and gas source conditions on the distribution of pore fluid and hydrate accumulation are *** simulation results show thatreservoir heterogeneity is conducive to the retention and lateral migration of CH4 in a hydrate ***4 can contact more pore water to form a large hydrate reserve,but the formed hydrate is ***-permeability layers enhance the trapping of CH4 and form a uniform and large ***,gas source conditions have an important impact on the hydrate accumulation *** gas flux,small pore water flux,continuous gas supply,high content of heavy components in natural gas,and numerous gas source points contribute to large amounts of hydrates generationin a certain time *** presented work will deepen our understanding of the controls of natural gashydrate systems in subea shallow formations.

关键词： Hydrate accumulation Mixed-flux model reservoir simulation reservoir heterogeneity Gas source condition

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Quantitative Estimation of Directional Permeability Barrier as reservoir heterogeneity A New Approach Using Synthetic Core

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第5期4卷 257-263页

作者： Mahbub Alam LesDabek Larry Lines Department of Geoscience University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 Alberta Canada Geomodeling Technology Corp. Calgary T2P 3K7 Alberta Canada

One of the major challenges in reservoir characterization is to estimate the effective porosity and the permeability of the reservoir due to reservoir heterogeneity. Often, the vertical and the horizontal permeabilities are not considered separately in 3D geo-cellular models and in the reservoir simulations. Conventional reservoir modeling extrapolates all of the small-scale data to full-field scale data without considering the impact of the small-scale geological details, and therefore carries forward inherent errors into the reservoir predictions as a consequence of ignoring the reservoir heterogeneity. Most reservoirs are geologically complex and heterogeneous and that greatly influences reservoir performance. A case study is taken from a CHOPS （cold heavy oil production with sands） field. An innovative method of reservoir heterogeneity estimation has been introduced to illustrate the complex reservoir heterogeneity honouring all of the small-scale geological details in the 3D geological model. This detailed near-wellbore modeling through a synthetic core can provide the realistic quantitative volumetric assumption of the production prediction and improve the EOR （enhanced oil recovery） processes.

关键词： reservoir heterogeneity permeability estimation synthetic core geo-cellular model.

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Implementation of a Petrographical and Petrophysical Workflow Protocol for Studying the Impact of heterogeneity on the Rock Typing and reservoir Quality of Reefal Limestone:A Case Study on the Nullipore Carbonates in the Gulf of Suez

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第5期95卷 1746-1762页

作者： Mona G.SAFA Bassem S.NABAWY Ahmed M.K.BASAL Mohammad A.OMRAN Aref LASHIN Geology Department Faculty of ScienceDamietta UniversityNew Damietta CityEgypt Department of Geophysical Sciences National Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11421Saudi Arabia Benha University Faculty of ScienceGeology DepartmentBenhaEgypt

This study focuses on the heterogeneity of the middle Miocene syn-rift Belayim nullipore(reefal)marine sequences in the Gulf of Suez and its impacts on reservoir *** sequences consist of coralline algal reef limestones with a highly complex dual-porosity system of primary and secondary porosities of widely varying *** achieve a precise mathematical modeling of these reservoir sequences,a workflow protocol was applied to separate these sequences into a number of hydraulic flow units(HFUs)and reservoir rock types(RRTs).This has been achieved by conducting a conventional core analysis on the nullipore marine *** illustrate the heterogeneity of the nullipore reservoir,the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient(V)has been estimated(V=0.91),indicating an extremely heterogeneous reservoir.A slight to high anisotropy(λ_(k))has been assigned for the studied nullipore sequences.A stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot(SMLP)was applied to define the optimum number of HFUs and barriers/baffles in each of the studied *** the permeability-porosity,reservoir quality index-normalized porosity index(RQI-NPI)and the RQI-flow zone indicator(RQIFZI)plots,the discrete rock types(DRT)and the R35 techniques enable the discrimination of the reservoir sequences into 4 RRTs/*** RRT4 packstone samples are characterized by the best reservoir properties(moderate permeability anisotropy,with a good-to-fair reservoir quality index),whereas the RRT1 mudstone samples have the lowest flow and storage capacities,as well as the tightest reservoir quality.

关键词： reservoir heterogeneity nullipore rock typing hydraulic flow units Dykstra-Parsons coefficient stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot(SMLP)

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Effect mechanism of seepage force on the hydraulic fracture propagation

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 223-240页

作者： Haiyang Wang Desheng Zhou Yi Zou Peng Zheng School of Petroleum Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an710065China Engineering Research Center of Development and Management for Low to Extra-Low Permeability Oil and Gas reservoirs in West China Ministry of EducationXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an710065ShaanxiChina Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an710054ShaanxiChina

The flow of fluid through the porous matrix of a reservoir rock applies a seepage force to the solid rock *** the seepage force exerted by fluid flow through the porous matrix of a reservoir rock has a notable influence on rock deformation and failure,its effect on hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation remains ***,in this study,we improved a traditional fluid–solid coupling method by incorporating the role of seepage force during the fracturing fluid seepage,using the discrete element ***,we validated the simulation results of the improved method by comparing them with an analytical solution of the seepage force and published experimental ***,we conducted numerical simulations in both homogeneous and heterogeneous sandstone formations to investigate the influence of seepage force on HF *** results indicate that fluid viscosity has a greater impact on the magnitude and extent of seepage force compared to injection rate,and that lower viscosity and injection rate correspond to shorter hydraulic fracture ***,seepage force influences the direction of HF propagation,causing HFs to deflect towards the side of the reservoir with weaker cementation and higher permeability.

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Seepage force Fracture propagation Discrete element method reservoir heterogeneity

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A Review of Formation Mechanism Study on reservoirs with Tilted Oil-water Contacts

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 320-340页

作者： WANG Sufen ZHANG Tingshan ZHOU Jixian HU Yu State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Research Institute of Experimental Detection CNPC Xinjiang Petroleum

The distribution characteristics of the oil-water contact are the basis for the reservoir exploration and development and reserves evaluation. The reservoir with a tilted oil-water contact has a unique formation mechanism, and the understanding of its distribution and formation mechanism will directly affect the evaluations for the reservoir type, well deployment, selection of well pattern and type, determination of test section, and reserves evaluation. Based on the analysis of reservoir characteristics, petrophysical properties and geological structure in 40 reservoirs worldwide with tilted oil-water contacts, the progress of the research on the formation mechanisms of titled oil-water contacts is summarized in terms of the hydrodynamic conditions, reservoir heterogeneity, neotectonic movement and oil-gas exploitation. According to the formation mechanism of tilted oil-water contacts and the needs of exploration research, different aspects of research methods are summarized and classified, such as the calculation of equipotential surfaces for oil and water in the formation, analysis of formation pressure and analysis of reservoir physical properties and so on. Based upon statistical analysis, it is suggested that the degree of the inclination of the oil-water contact be divided based on the dip of oil-water contact（DipTOWC）. The tilted oil-water contact is divided into three categories： large dip（DipTOWC≥55 m/km）, medium dip（4 m/km≤DipTOWC55 m/km）, and small dip（DipTOWC4 m/km）. The classification and evaluation method can be combined with structure amplitude and reservoir property. The formation mechanism of domestic and international reservoirs with tilted oil-water contacts are summarized in this paper, which have important significance in guiding the exploration and development of the oilfield with tilted oil-water contacts, reserves evaluation, and well deployment.

关键词： tilted oil-water contact hydrodynamic force reservoir heterogeneity capillary pressure neotectonic movement

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A Novel Energy Lifting Approach Using J-Function and Flow Zone Indicator for Oil Fields

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 253-273页

作者： M.N.Tarhuni W.R.Sulaiman M.Z.Jaafar K.M.Sabil School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudaiJohor81310Malaysia School of Energy GeoscienceInfrastructure and SocietyHeriot-Watt University MalaysiaWilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya62200Malaysia

The X field is located in the southwestern part of block NX89 of Kentan Basin in *** field is produced from Hailan multilayer consolidated sandstone with moderate rock property and a relatively low energy *** reserve of subsurface energy sources is declining with ***,techniques were combined to achieve the energy optimization and increase hydrocarbon *** order to understand the subsurface formation of the reservoir and facilitate oil production,global hydraulic element technique was used to quantify the reservoir rock *** addition,stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot was used for reservoir *** heterogeneity was identified using stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot and Dykstra-Parsons *** J-functionwas used to average the 13 capillary pressure curves into four main curves to represent the whole reservoir based on flow zone indicator *** pressure was calculated and plotted with normalized water saturation;a single average curve was defined to represent the rest of the *** saturation was calculated using single and multiple J-functions and compared with the available *** multiple J-functions,the matching results were good for both high and low-quality layers,whereas using a single J-function,the match was poor,especially for low FZI layers such as H4c and *** rock types were identified for this reservoir ranging from medium to good reservoir quality and six different layers were *** reservoir was heterogeneous with a Lorenz coefficient value of approximately 0.72 and a Dykstra-Parsons value of *** approaches used in this paper were validated and showed improved hydrocarbon recovery factor.

关键词： Energy lifting special core analysis flow zone indicator reservoir heterogeneity water saturation Leverett J-function

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Formation of X-shaped hydraulic fractures in deep thick glutenite reservoirs:A case study in Bohai Bay Basin,East China

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Journal of Central South University 2021年第9期28卷 2814-2829页

作者： LI Zhi-chao LI Lian-chong WANG Shu-ren MA Shou ZHANG Zi-lin LI Ai-shan HUANG Bo ZHANG Liao-yuan WANG Zeng-lin ZHANG Quan-sheng School of Civil Engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003China School of Resources and Civil Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China SinoFTS Petroleum Services Ltd. Beijing 100101China Oil Production Technology Research Institute Shengli Oilfield Branch CompanyDongying 257000China

Tight glutenite reservoirs are widely developed in Bohai Bay Basin,East *** are mostly huge thick and rely on hydraulic fracturing treatment for commercial *** investigate the propagation behavior of hydraulic fractures in these glutenite reservoirs,the geological feature of reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin is studied firstly,including the reservoir vertical distribution feature and the heterogeneous ***,hydraulic fracturing treatments in block Yan 222 are carried out and the fracturing processes are monitored by the microseismic *** show the hydraulic fractures generated in the reservoirs are mostly in X *** cause of X-shaped hydraulic fractures in this study is mainly ascribed to(I)the reservoir heterogeneity and(II)the stress shadow effect of two close hydraulic fractures propagating in the same orientation,which is confirmed by the following numerical simulation and related research in *** study can provide a reference for the research on the fracturing behavior of the deep thick glutenite reservoirs.

关键词： glutenite hydraulic fracture X shape reservoir heterogeneity gravel

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SAGD Optimization for Heterogeneous reservoir

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2012年第11期2卷 676-690页

作者： Adam Stafievsky Ezeddin Shirif Kyle Gerein Edi Karamehic Petroleum Systems Engineering University of Regina Regina S4S 0.42 Saskatchewan Canada

This paper demonstrates the use of a commercial simulator as a tool with which to optimize the SAGD （steam-assisted gravity drainage） start-up phase process. The factors affecting the start-up phase are the prime targets. Among the key investigated factors are wellbore geometry effects, reservoir heterogeneity and circulation phase length. Each of the parameters was investigated via steam chamber development observation along the well pair length and the cross sections in the mid, toe and heel areas. In addition, the cumulative recovery in given time, steam-to-oil ratio and CDOR （calendar day oil rate） production data are used to backup the observations produced in the simulated model. Furthermore, an additional component developed during the research is a statistical modification of a layer cake model with which to create a heterogeneous reservoir to represent real reservoir conditions, based on Monte Carlo＇s simulation.

关键词： SAGD (steam-assisted gravity drainage) Monte Carlo's simulation wellbore reservoir heterogeneity optimization modeling.

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