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Vertical distribution of phosphorus and P-dissolving/ decomposing bacteria in the sediment of Guanting reservoir

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第Z2期48卷 285-294页

作者： LI Cui, YUAN Hongli & HUANG Huaizeng College of Biological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China College of Biological Sciences Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application Ministry of Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China

In this study, we determined pH, phosphorus content and the number of P-dis- solving/decomposing bacteria in relation to the depth in the sediment of Guanting reservoir in Beijing. The pH value was slightly increased from 8.0 in the surface to 8.5 in the bottle (69 cm in depth) of sediment. The highest P content, 1269 mg/kg, was detected in the 35 cm layer, followed by the 5 cm (993 mg/kg) and 69 cm (580 mg/kg) layers. The number of inorganic P-dissolving bacteria varied from 6(102 to 8(104 and the organic P-discomposing bacteria were from 1.9(103 to 6.3(104 per gram sediment in different depths, which were counted under 28℃ and 20℃ ( pH7.5 and 8.5. The number of P-dissolving/discomposing bacteria was directly correlated to the P content in each layer of sediments. The analysis of P-dissolving/decomposing ability of bacteria showed that some of these bacteria were also capable of accumulating P intracellularly. The intracellular P-accumulation was more efficient at lower temperature; in contrast, the activity of P-dissolving/decomposing was stronger at higher temperature. So the content of dissolved P in water body, or quality of water, could be affected by the change of temperature via the regulation of bacterial activity. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing, the 13 efficient P-dis- solving/decomposing bacteria were identified as Bacillus spp., Bacterium sp., Microbacterium sp., Paenibacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.

关键词： Guanting reservoir, sediment, P-dissolving/decomposing bacteria, phosphorus cycling, eutrophication.

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Complex sources of air-soil-water pollution processes in the Miyun reservoir region

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第z2期48卷 230-245页

作者： YANG Dongzhen, XU Xiangde, LIU Xiaoduan, XU Qing, DING Guoan, CHENG Xinghong, CHEN Huailiang, ZHOU Huaigang, WANG Zhenfa, WANG Wenyan Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, CMA, Beijing 100081, China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters, CAMS, Beijing 100081, China National Center for Geological Testing, Beijing 100037, China Meteorological Bureau of Henan Province, Zhenzhou 450000, China Shangdianzi Background Atmospheric Pollution Observation Station, Miyun County, Beijing 101507, China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Center for Atmosphere Watch and Services Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences CMA Beijing 100081 China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters CAMS Beijing 100081 China National Center for Geological Testing Beijing 100037 China Meteorological Bureau of Henan Province Zhenzhou 450000 China Shangdianzi Background Atmospheric Pollution Observation Station Miyun County Beijing 101507 China

The comprehensive impact of atmospheric dry deposition and wet deposition and the pollution sources of farmlands, mining areas, and towns along the Baihe River on the water quality of Miyun reservoir is investigated from the angle of the complex sources of air-soil-water pollution processes, in the context of the 1990-2001 precipitation chemical data at Shangdianzi station-a WMO regional background air pollution monitoring station 15 km far from the Miyun reservoir, in conjunction with the atmospheric dry deposition and wet deposition data of the 2002 -2003 Beijing City Air Pollution Observation Field Experiment (BECAPEX). Analysis results suggest that the major ions in precipitation in the Miyun reservoir region in this period were SO 42-, NO 3-, NH4+ and Ca2+; wet acid deposition quantity of Miyun reservoir in the summer half year (April to September) was greater than the quantity in the winter half year (October to March), and the annual wet acid deposition in the reservoir exhibited a rising trend with the mean 1038.45 t, the maximum 1766.31 t occurred in 1996, and the minimum 604.02 t in 1994; the long-term averaged pH of atmospheric precipitation in the Miyun reservoir region was 5.20, i.e. weakly acidic, and the interannual variation of pH values displayed a falling trend. pH values of water body at various depths in the Miyun reservoir were all greater than 7.0, but they exhibited vertical and horizontal nonhomogeneity, and at the same region pH decreased vertically with depth; the 2002 and 2003 annual dustfalls in the Miyun reservoir were 13513.08 t and 3577.64 t, respectively, and the spring dustfall was the number one in a year, accounting for the 61.91% and 44.56% of the annual totals of 2002 and 2003, respectively. Because the atmospheric dry deposition and wet depositions contain multiple types heavy metal elements and harmful elements, they to some extent exacerbated the eutrophication, acidification and potential heavy metal pollution of the reservoi

关键词： Miyun reservoir, water quality, Shangdianzi regional background air pollution observation station, atmospheric dry deposition/wet deposition, water system pollution.

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第z2期48卷 276-284页

作者： QU Jianhang, YUAN Hongli, HUANG Huaizeng & WANG Entao College of Biological Sciences, Key.Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico D. F. 11340, Mexico College of Biological Sciences Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application Ministry of Agriculture China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México D. F. 11340 México

In this study, DNAs were extracted from sediment samples at depths of 5, 35, and 69 cm from eutrophic Guanting reservoir, China. 16S rDNAs were amplified by PCR and clone libraries were constructed. The depth-related distribution of bacterial community in the sediment was characterized by using amplified 16S rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and sequencing of the dominant clones. The results indicated that species diversity in the sediment of Guanting reservoir was rather high with the Shannon-Wiener index about 5.8. Bacterial richness varied in different depths: the highest in the sample of 35 cm in depth; followed by the sample of 5 cm in depth; and the lowest bacterial richness in the sample of 69 cm. Dominant species from the three samples were different although there were some common clones. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the dominant clones in the three layers were uncultured bacteria and distantly related to the previously reported species in beta or gamma subclass of proteobacteria, including bacterial groups that have the ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, chlorinated organic compounds, or to accumulate polyphosphate, etc. Changes of depth-related bacterial community in the Guanting reservoir sediment might reflect the pollution history and the water quality of the reservoir. In addition, the cloned sequences from the Guanting reservoir sediment were all different from the presently reported ones, indicating that there were some particular bacteria in that environment.

关键词： Guanting reservoir, sediment, bacterial community, 16S rDNA, eutrophication.

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Chemical forms of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of Miyun reservoir

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第Z2期48卷 341-350页

作者： LIU Xiaoduan, XU Qing, GE Xiaoli, LIU Liu & WU Dianwei National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China The Occupational Disease Research Institute of Beijing, Beijing 100020, China The Hydrology Main Station of Beijing, Beijing 100039, China National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China The Occupational Disease Research Institute of Beijing Beijing 100020 China The Hydrology Main Station of Beijing Beijing 100039 China

The chemical forms, spatial distribution and sources of As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn in sediments of the Miyun reservoir were studied. The results of sequential extraction demonstrate that most of As, Pb and Zn were bound to the residual fraction, Hg was associated with the sulfide fraction while Cd was associated with the carbonate fraction and the residual fraction. On the vertical profiles the concentrations of the heavy metals in total and each fractions mostly decreased with increasing depths in sediments, suggesting that the heavy metals input from the upstream watershed increases yearly. Summation of the residual fraction, the sulfide fraction and the carbonate fraction accounts for 60.03%―85.60% of the total heavy metal contents in the sediments, which represent the geochemical background values of the elements and relate closely to soil erosion. Results of the main factor analysis show that most sediments of the reservoir come from the upstream soil erosion, the point source pollution and domestic waste. Moreover, the microbial activities taking place on the sediment-water interface are also one of the major factors to cause the increasing content of the organic matter fraction and the iron-manganese oxide fraction. Environmental change of the reservoir water could make the removability of the heavy metals increase, leading to the increase of their concentrations in pore water in sediments, and imperiling water quality of the reservoir.

关键词： Miyun reservoir, sediments, chemical forms, heavy metal, factor analysis.

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Low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoir conductive model——Dual water clay matrix conductive model in the north area of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第4期44卷 346-355页

作者：潘和平王家映樊政军马勇柳建华李明强 China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Shaly sands reservoir is one of the most distributive types of the oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs discovered in China, and low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs are mostly shaly sands reservoirs. Therefore, shaly sands reservoir conductive model is the key to evaluate low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs using logging information. Some defects were found when we studied the clay distribution type conductive model, dual-water conductive model, conductive rock matrix model, etc. Some models could not distinguish the conductive path and nature of microporosity water and clay water and some models did not consider the clay distribution type and the mount of clay volume. So, we utilize the merits,overcome the defects of the above models, and put forward a new shaly sands conductive model-dual water clay matrix conductive model (DWCMCM) in which dual water is the free water and the microporosity water in shaly sands and the clay matrix(wet clay) is the clay grain containing water. DWCMCM is presented here, the advantages of which can tell the nature and conductive path from different water (microporosity water and freewater), in consid-eration of the clay distribution type and the mount of clay volume in shaly sands. So, the results of logging interpretation in the oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs in the north of Tarim Basin area, China with DWCMCM are better than those interpreted by the above models.

关键词： logging evaluation, the north area of Tarim Basin, low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoir, dual water matrix clay conductive model.

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Stratum energy of coal-bed gas reservoir and their control on the coal-bed gas reservoir formation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第9期50卷 1319-1326页

作者： WU CaiFang QIN Yong FU XueHai Department of Earth Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221008 China Department of Earth Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221008 China Department of Earth Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221008 China

Stratum energy of coal-bed gas reservoir, including coal-radix flexibility energy, groundwater flexibility energy and gas flexibility energy (hereinafter "three energy"), depends on the energy homeostasis system, the core process of which is the effective transfer of energy and the geological selective process. Combining with the mechanics experimentations of coal samples, different flexibility energy has been analyzed and researched quantificationally, and a profound discussion to their controls on the coal-bed gas reservoir formation has been made. It is shown that when gas reservoir is surrounded by edge water and bottom water, the deposited energy in the early phase of forming gas reservoir is mostly coal-radix and gas flexibility energy, but the effect of groundwater flexibility energy increases while water-body increases. The deposited energy in the middle and later phase of forming gas reser voir is mostly gas flexibility energy, which is greater than 80% of all deposited energy. In the whole process, larger groundwater body exerts greater influences on gas accumulation. The paper indicated that higher stratum energy is more propitious to forming coal-bed gas reservoir. And higher coal-radix flexibility energy and gas flexibility energy are more propitious to higher yield of gas reservoirs, while higher groundwater flexibility energy is more propitious to stable yield of gas reservoirs. Therefore, the key to evaluating the coal-bed gas reservoir formation is the stratum energy of coal-bed gas reservoir.

关键词： coal-bed reservoir, flexibility energy, coal-radix flexibility energy, groundwater flexibility energy, gas flexibility energy, coal-bed gas reservoir formation

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Diagenetic Sequences Analysis of Fuyu reservoir in Qijia-Gulong Depression,Northern Songliao Basin

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Global Geology 2002年第1期7卷 43-49页

作者： YAN Jianping, LIU Li, ZHANG Xinrong and MA Yanping(College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, P. R. China) College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun130061 P. R. China

Five paragenetic associations are recognized in Fuyu reservoir of Qijia - gulong depression of Daqing oil field: 1 )detrital illite permeation, glauconite and pyrite precipitation; 2 ) feldspar dissolution, kaolinite precipitation and the incipient quartz overgrowths; 3 ) early calcite cements; 4 ) postdate quartz overgrowths and pore - filling quartz, authigenetic illite and chlorite formation, feldspar overgrowths, petroleum injections, K - feldspar and calcite cement dissolution; 5) pore - filling calcite and calcite replacement.

关键词： Diagenetic sequence, Fuyu reservoir, Diagenesis

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Distribution and transportation of nitrogen in Miyun reservoir waters

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第Z2期48卷 322-332页

作者： LIANG Xiujuan, XIAO Changlai, YANG Tianxing, WANG Jing & LIU Xiaoduan College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China College of Environment and Resources Jilin University Changchun 130026 China College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun 130026 China National Research Center for Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China

The Miyun reservoir is an important water supply for Beijing city. The distribution laws of nitrogen in the Miyun reservoir waters and the transportation factors have been systematically analyzed in space and time by using water monitoring data sampled in the high-water and low-flow periods in 2001 and 2002. The nitrogen in east and west reservoir waters is distributed differently in space. It shows the change characteristics in high-water and low-flow periods and is affected by the source of nitrogen, runoff conditions, hydrodynamic conditions, precipitation and the control of bed mud, of which the source of nitrogen controls the change of concentration of nitrogen, the peripheral runoff controls the distribution law of nitrogen, bed mud controls the vertical distribution of nitrogen, and the contents of nitrogen and its change in the surrounding environment directly cause the change of concentration of total nitrogen in the waters. The improvement and protection of the waters in the Miyun reservoir basically rests with the amelioration of the peripheral environment.

关键词： Miyun reservoir, total nitrogen, space-time distribution, transportation laws.

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The hydrothermal karstification and its effect on Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, Northwest China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第z2期50卷 103-113页

作者： WU MaoBing WANG Yi ZHENG MengLin ZHANG WeiBiao LIU ChunYan Institute of Oil Exploration and Development Sinopec Beijing 100083 China Institute of Oil Exploration and Development Sinopec Beijing 100083 China Institute of Oil Exploration and Development Sinopec Beijing 100083 China Institute of Oil Exploration and Development Sinopec Beijing 100083 China Institute of Energy China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

With a detailed study on petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of some important Ordovician carbonate well core samples in Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, the distinguishing symbols of hydrothermal karstification are first put forward as the phenomena of rock hot depigmentation, hot cataclasm and the appearance of typical hydrothermal minerals such as fluorite, barite, pyrite, quartz and sphalerite. The main homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions in fluorite are from 260 to 310℃, indicating the temperature of hydrothermal fluid. The fluid affected the dissolved rocks and showed typical geochemistry features with low contents of Na and Mg, and high contents of Fe, Mn and Si. The ratio of 3He/4He is 0.02Ra, indicating the fluid from the typical continental crust. The hydrothermal fluid karstification pattern may be described as follows: the hot fluid is from the Permian magma, containing dissolving ingredients of CO2 and H2S, and shifts along fault, ruptures and unconformity, and dissolves the surrounding carbonates while it flows. The mechanism of hydrothermal karstification is that the mixture of two or more fluids, which have different ion intensity and pH values, becomes a new unsaturated fluid to carbonates. The hydrothermal karstification is an important process to form hypo-dissolved pinholes in Ordovician carbonates of Tazhong uplift of Tarim Basin, and the forming of hydrothermal minerals also has favorable influence on carbonate reservoirs.

关键词： hydrothermal karstification, hydrothermal mineral, carbonate reservoir, Ordovician, Tazhong region

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Application of Element-Free Method to water quality analysis of Miyun reservoir

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第Z2期48卷 303-310页

作者： GU Zhaosheng, YANG Tianxing & XU Qing Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China National Research Center of Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China Changchun Institute of Technology Changchun 130012 China College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun 130026 China College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun 130026 China National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China

This paper presents a 3D mathematical model for transfer and transform of water contaminants in reservoir, describes the discrete methods and the compute process of using an element-free collocation method. By these models and methods, the water quality conditions of Miyun reservoir area, the quantified description of three dimensions concerning the distribution and change of diversified contaminants are obtained within the assigned time. The distributions of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the reservoir area in 2003, 2004 and 2005 are simulated and forecasted by the boundary conditions in 2003, so the main development trend is shown. It is found through calculation that: The contribution of the bed mud with regard to total phosphorus is comparatively marked. On the whole, the influence factor of the bed mud in the reservoir area and other comprehensive factors to total phosphorus are quite great. The influence of the living things or other function in the surface water of the Chaohe River valley in the east of the reservoir on the total phosphorus is comparatively conspicuous. Within the reservoir area in spring, summer and autumn, the concentration distribution of total nitrogen is basically in the trend of a slow progressive decrease, but the concentration of total phosphorus increases progressively. It is just contrary in autumn, winter and spring, the concentration of total nitrogen increases and the concentration of total phosphorus decreases. On the whole of the year's development, the total nitrogen is basically in a steady state, and the total phosphorus is in the increasing trend with years, but the kind of the trend is not conspicuous.

关键词： Miyun reservoir, water wuality analysis, Element-Free Method.

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