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Drug research and development opportunities in low-and middle-income countries:accelerating traditional medicine through systematic utilization and comprehensive synergy

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第2期11卷 77-80页

作者： Guangqi Liu Yan Xie Yinuo Sun Kaixuan Zhang Jiyan Ma Yangmu Huang Department of Global Health Peking University School of Public Health38 Xue Yuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Institute for Global Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Background:Though the utilization of traditional medicine has been proposed for modern drug research and development(R&D),limited research has discussed its feasible paths.In this commentary,we summarized key factors for new drug R&D under limited resources by reviewing China’s discovery of artemisinin,and raised suggestions to utilize traditional medicines in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Main text:We suggested that systematic utilization of traditional medicine,outstanding synergy of research units at all levels and timely information-sharing mechanism should be achieved to establish a comprehensive and efficient R&D system,especially under low-resource settings.In the case of artemisinin discovery,Chinese scientists integrated documented traditional medicine experiences and modern approaches to develop drug candidates timely.Due to limited R&D resources,China adopted a collaborative way,motivating nearly all domestic research units at different levels,to develop antimalarial products.Moreover,the excellent synergy among all units through efficient information-sharing mechanisms greatly avoided work repetition and accelerated the R&D process.Conclusion:Traditional medicines inspires drug discoveries in LMICs,while a comprehensive and efficient R&D system could accelerate its R&D process and save investment.The discovery of artemisinin in China gave a reliable pattern to promote sustainable development of traditional medicines and a good example to realize R&D of traditional medicine under low-resource settings.

关键词： Traditional medicine research and development Low-and middle-income countries

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research and development in drug innovation: reflections from the 2013 bioeconomy conference in China, lessons learned and future perspectives

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第2期4卷 112-119页

作者： Changxiao Liu Panayiotis P.Constantinides Yazhuo Li Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical research Tianjin 300193China Biopharmaceutical and Drug Delivery Consulting LLCGurneeIL 60031USA

The enormous progress biotechnology,bioinformatics and nanotechnology made in recent years provides opportunities and scientific framework for development of biomedicine and constitutes a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical R&D and drug innovation.By analyzing the data and related information at R&D level over the past decades,developmental tendency and R&D patterns were summarized.We found that a growing number of biologics in the pipeline of pharma companies with successful products already in the market though,small molecular entities have primarily dominated drug innovation.Additionally,small/medium size companies will continue to play a key role in the development of small molecule drugs and biologics in a multi-channel integrated process.More importantly,modern and effective R&D strategies in biomedicine development to predict and evaluate efficacy and/or safety of 21st century therapeutics are urgently needed.To face new challenges,developmental strategies were proposed,in terms of molecular targeted medicine,generic drugs,new drug delivery system and protein-based drugs.Under the current circumstances,interdisciplinary cooperation mode and policy related to drug innovation in China were deeply discussed as well.

关键词： Bioeconomy Biomedicine Drug development Innovation research and development Strategy and models

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Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Obame-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa Gerald Kamgang Basile Caminade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Githeko Andrew Karanja Ogega Obed M. Elloué Nestor Engone Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre Ndam Nicaise T. Paupy Christophe Bockarie Moses Otomo Patricks Voua Community Health Support Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya The African Academy of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIT IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Community Health Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory (LabMC) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Health research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia Centre for research in Infectious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System Physics Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK

We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. The large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of Sciences, the Africa research Excellence Fund, the Wellcome Trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association, have empowered (or are empowering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill development, mentoring, and African-led research. This article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research, proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governments and scientific communities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. Through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Climate change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environmental justice research and development Pan-African funding initiatives

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Bibliometric study of research and development for neglected diseases in the BRICS

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 810-819页

作者： Jing Bai Wei Li Yang-Mu Huang Yan Guo School of Public Health Peking University Health Science CenterXueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Peking University Health Science Library Xueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Background:Large numbers of people are suffering from a group of diseases that mainly affect developing countries,as there are no available or affordable products for prevention or treatment.research and development(R&D)for these diseases is still a low priority on the health agenda.Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa(BRICS)are quickly growing economies and having more and more positive impact on global health.Additionally,their R&D capacity is believed to be enhanced through decades of investment in education and life science research.The BRICS,as a group of emerging and developing countries,are expected to make greater contributions to solving the problem that mainly affects the entire developing countries community.However,there has been little research to provide a macroscopic overview of BRICS’effort in R&D for neglected diseases.The aim of this study is to investigate scientific production in BRICS countries in this area and their main research hotspots.Methods:Global relevant literature was searched without time limits through PubMed and high yield countries were identified using GoPubMed.Literature up to the end of 2013 from the BRICS was obtained and high frequency words were extracted and clustered using Bibliography Item Co-occurrence Mining System 2.0(BICOMS)and Graphical Clustering Toolkit 1.0(gCLUTO).Results:In total,32,47,51,31 and 44 high frequency words from Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa respectively were extracted for clustering analysis.The clustering indicated that eight diseases were research hotspots in BRICS countries.India had the most extensive hotspots and Brazil came in second.The other three countries shared common research foci:helminthiasis,Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(HIV/AIDS)and tuberculosis.Conclusions:Developed countries still make the majority of contributions to R&D on neglected diseases,but BRICS countries are playing a growing role.Instead of the“big three diseases”(HIV/AIDS,malaria and tuberculosis)recogn

关键词： Neglected diseases research and development BRICS Bibliometric analysis

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Domestic trends in malaria research and development in China and its global influence

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 25-33页

作者： Yang-Mu Huang Lu-Wen Shi Rui She Jing Bai Shi-Yong Jiao Yan Guo School of Public Health Peking University Health Science CenterXueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China School of Pharmaceutical Science Peking University Health Science CenterXueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Department of Health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterXueyuan Road 38Haidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Patent Examination Cooperation Center of the Patent Office SIPOBeijingChina

Background:Though many countries,including China,are moving towards malaria elimination,malaria remains a major global health threat.Due to the spread of antimalarial drug resistance and the need for innovative medical products during the elimination phase,further research and development(R&D)of innovative tools in both epidemic and elimination areas is needed.This study aims to identify the trends and gaps in malaria R&D in China,and aims to offer suggestions on how China can be more effectively involved in global malaria R&D.Methods:Quantitative analysis was carried out by collecting data on Chinese malaria-related research programmes between 1985 and 2014,invention patents in China from 1985 to 2014,and articles published by Chinese researchers in PubMed and Chinese databases from 2005 to 2014.All data were screened and extracted for numerical analysis and were categorized into basic sciences,drug/drug resistance,immunology/vaccines,or diagnostics/detection for chronological and subgroup comparisons.Results:The number of malaria R&D activities have shown a trend of increase during the past 30 years,however these activities have fluctuated within the past few years.During the past 10 years,R&D on drug/drug resistance accounted for the highest percentages of research programmes(32.4%),articles(55.0%in PubMed and 50.6%in Chinese databases)and patents(45.5%).However,these R&D activities were mainly related to artemisinin.R&D on immunology/vaccines has been a continuous interest for China’s public entities,but the focus remains on basic science.R&D in the area of high-efficiency diagnostics has been rarely seen or reported in China.Conclusions:China has long been devoted to malaria R&D in multiple areas,including drugs,drug resistance,immunology and vaccines.R&D on diagnostics has received significantly less attention,however,it should also be an area where China can make a contribution.More focus on malaria R&D is needed,especially in the area of diagnostics,if China would like to contribute in a more significant

关键词： research and development R&D Malaria Antimalarial China

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Traditional Chinese medicine:research and development,globalization,and regulation

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第1期15卷 1-3页

作者： ZHANG Rui-Wen Associate Editor-In-Chief Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Nanjing 210009 China Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Amarillo TX79106 USA

Available online 20 Jan.2017In this issue of Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines(CJNM),we are pleased to publish two comprehensive and timely review articles~[1-2]addressing the registration regulation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),a critical issue in t he development,regulation,and internationalization of TCM.In the first review~[1],Drs.YUAN,WU,and SHAO provide a comprehensive historical overview on the development and establishment of a registration system

关键词： TCM research and development Traditional Chinese medicine SFDA

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Combating echinococcosis in China:strengthening the research and development

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1443-1447页

作者： Men-Bao Qian Bernadette Abela-Ridder Wei-Ping Wu Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025China Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology Ministry of HealthShanghai 200025China National Center for International research on Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025China World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025China Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health Organization1211 GenevaSwitzerland

Echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic disease,causing great morbidity and mortality due to the wide distribution of its endemic areas.China holds a high percentage in the global burden of both cystic and alveolar echinococcosis.A national survey conducted between 2012 and 2016 showed that an estimated 50 million people are at risk of contracting the disease in western China,of whom about 0.17 million are cases with echinococcosis.Despite this,research and development on echinococcosis in China is greatly inadequate compared to that in other countries.In this paper,we argue that there is a need for more research and work to be conducted in China on echinococcosis,including researching techniques in regards to diagnosis,treatment,and vaccination,and developing products through technical transformation and piloting strategies to control and even elimination.However,great opportunities exist for China to strengthen the research and development on this disease through initiatives such as Health China 2030,the Belt and Road Initiative,the China-Africa cooperation,as well as through further cooperation between China and the World Health Organization.All of these can bring us closer to controlling echinococcosis in China as well as in other countries.One element of crucial importance will be the training and development of professionals,which can be strengthened through international cooperation.

关键词： Echinococcosis research and development Health China 2030 Belt and Road Initiative

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A Brief Analysis of Sustainable Progress of Innovative research &development of Chinese Copper Processing Firms—With Japanese Furukawa Electric as a Standard

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第4期10卷 761-767页

作者： Boyuan Li Department of Operation Optimization Chinalco Beijing China

In comparison with copper processing industrial leader Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Chinese copper processing industry faces many shortcomings and difficulties including but not limited to outdated equipment and technologies, low degree of specialization, and unstable product quality. The review of Furukawa Electric’s development milestones reveals that Chinese copper processing industry has reached a stage in which it must rely on technological research and development (R & D) to promote sustainable productivity. Chinese copper processing firms have to invest in R & D to promote sustainable technological innovations and to improve the precisions of business practice in order to ensure the firms’ improvement.

关键词： Copper Processing research and development New Technologies

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Challenges and opportunities for China entering global research and development for emerging infectious diseases:a case study from Ebola experience

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 98-99页

作者： Chao Li Jing-Yi Chen Yang-Mu Huang 不详 School of Public Health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China

Background:China has emerged as a powerful platform for global pharmaceutical research and development(R&D)amid the 2014 Ebola outbreak.The research and development impact of developing countries on prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks has long been underestimated,particularly for emerging economies like China.Here,we studied its research and development progress and government support in response to Ebola outbreak by timeline,input,and output at each research and development stage.This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the research and development gaps and challenges faced by China,as well as providing evidence-based suggestions on how to accelerate the drug development process to meet urgent needs during future outbreaks.Methods:Data were obtained from the National Nature Science Foundation of China database,PubMed database,Patent Search System of the State Intelleaual Property Office of China,National Medical Products Administration,national policy reports and literature between Jan 1st,2006 and Dec 31st,2017.An overview of research funding,research output pharmaceutical product patent,and product licensed was described and analyzed by Microsoft Excel.A descriptive analysis with a visualization of plotting charts and graphs was conducted by reporting the mean±standard deviation.Results:China has successfully completed the research and development of the Ebola Ad5-EBOV vaccine within 26 months,while the preparation and implementation of clinical trials took relative long time.The National Nature Science Foundation of China funded CNY 44.05 million(USD 6.27 million)for Ebola-related researches and committed strongly to the phase of basic research(87.8%).A proliferation of literature arose between 2014 and 2015,with a 1.7-fold increase in drug research and a 2.5-fold increase in diagnostic research within 1 year.Three years on from the Ebola outbreak,six Ebola-related produas in China were approved by the National Medical Products Administration.Conclusions:China has started to

关键词： Emerging infectious disease research and development Ebola virus disease

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Virtual reality research and development in NTU

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2020年第5期2卷 394-408页

作者： Lihui HUANG Siti Faatihah Binte Mohd TAIB Ryan Aung BA Zhe An GOH Mengshan XU Nanyang Technological University 639798Singapore

In 1981,Nanyang Technological Institute was established in Singapore to train engineers and accountants to keep up with the fast-growing economy of the country.In 1991,the institute was upgraded to Nanyang Technological University(NTU).NTU holds the rank for world's top young university for six consecutive years according to the Quacquarelli Symonds(QS)world university ranking.Virtual Reality(VR)research began in NTU in the late 1990s.NTU's colleges,schools,institutes,and centers have contributed toward the excellence of VR research.This article briefly describes the VR research directions and activities in NTU.

关键词： Virtual reality research and development Nanyang Technological University Singapore

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