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Current strategies for reproductive management of gilts and sows in North America

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 191-204页

作者： Robert R Kraeling Stephen K Webel L&R Research Associates JBS United Animal Health

Many advances in genetic selection, nutrition, housing and disease control have been incorporated into modern pork production since the 1950s resulting in highly prolific females and practices and technologies, which significantly increased efficiency of reproduction in the breeding herd. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature and current industry practices employed for reproductive management. In particular the authors focus on assisted reproduction technologies and their application for enhanced productivity. Modern maternal line genotypes have lower appetites and exceptional lean growth potential compared to females of 20 yr ago. Thus, nutrient requirements and management techniques and technologies, which affect gilt development and sow longevity, require continuous updating. Failure to detect estrus accurately has the greatest impact on farrowing rate and litter size. Yet, even accurate estrus detection will not compensate for the variability in the interval between onset of estrus and actual time of ovulation. However, administration of GnRH analogs in weaned sows and in gilts after withdrawal of altrenogest do overcome this variability and thereby synchronize ovulation, which makes fixed-time AI practical. Seasonal infertility, mediated by temperature and photoperiod, is a persistent problem. Training workers in the art of stockmanship is of increasing importance as consumers become more interested in humane animal care. Altrenogest, is used to synchronize the estrous cycle of gilts, to prolong gestation for 2-3 d to synchronize farrowing and to postpone post-weaning estrus. P.G. 600~ is used for induction of estrus in pre-pubertal gilts and as a treatment to overcome seasonal anestrous. Sperm cell numbers/dose of semen is significantly less for post cervical AI than for cervical AI. Real-time ultrasonography is used to determine pregnancy during wk 3-5. PGF2a effectively induces farrowing when administered within two d of normal gestati

关键词： Gilts Management Nutrition reproductive technology Sows

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A retrospective review of single-institution outcomes with robotic-assisted microsurgical varicocelectomy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第2期20卷 189-194页

作者： Andrew McCullough Leon Elebyjian Joseph Ellen Clay Mechlin Institute of Urology Lahey Hospital and Medical Center Burlington MA 01805 USA Division of Urology Albany Medical College Albany NY 12208 USA Virginia Urology Richmond VA 23230 USA Urology Associates of Central Missouri Columbia MO 65201 USA

We report the largest single-center experience with robotic-assisted microscopic varicocelectomy （RAMV） in male infertility. From August 2012 to February 2015, men with infertility of at least a year and varicoceles underwent RAMV by a single surgeon. Varicocele was diagnosed on physical examination and confirmed by ultrasound by a single ultrasonographer. Preoperative hormone panel, semen analyses, and testicular Doppler ultrasound were obtained from all men and repeated at 3 months. One hundred and forty consecutive men （258 varicocelectomies） were included. Mean age and duration of infertility was 36.4 and 2.8 years, respectively. Median total and free testosterone increased by 145 ng dl^-1 and 4.3 pcg ml^-1 （44.3%）, respectively （P 〈 0.0001）. Median sperm concentration increased by 37.3% （P 〈 0.03）. Median sperm motility and morphology did not significantly change. Median left and right testicular volume increased by 22.3% （P 〈 0.0001） and 12.6% （P 〈 0.0006）, respectively. Hydroceles occurred 0.8% of procedures. We had no testicular artery injuries. Persistence of varicocele by Doppler ultrasound was 9.6%. Only 37.3% of patients required pain medications postoperatively. We concluded that RAMV is a safe and effective alternative for varicocele repair with outcomes comparable to historical traditional microsurgical approach.

关键词： male infertility reproductive technology robot-assisted microsurgery varicocele varicocelectomy

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Effects of acupuncture on ovarian blood supply and pregnancy outcomes in patients receiving assisted reproduction

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Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2018年第4期16卷 253-259页

作者： Xu Zheng-zheng Gao Ying Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science ＆ TechnologyWuhan 430030China

To observe the effects of acupuncture at the follicular phase on ovarian blood supply and pregnancy outcomes in patients who received in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embry transfer （IVF/ICSI-ET） of assisted reproductive technology （ART）. Methods： A total of 169 IVF/ICSI-ET female recipients from the reproductive Center of Xiehe Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science ＆ technology were randomized into an observation group （57 cases）, a placebo group （54 cases） and a control group （58 cases）. The observation group received acupuncture during the follicular phase, meanwhile the placebo group received placebo-acupuncture, and the control group did not receive acupuncture. The hemodynamic index, biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate of each group were observed, respectively. Results： As to the ovarian arterial hemodynamic index, the pulsatility index （PI）, resistance index （RI）, and the systolic-to-diastolic peak velocity ratio （S/D） of the observation group were （0.819＋0.131）, （0.552＋0.055） and （2.306＋0.512）, respectively, obviously lower than those in the placebo group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）, but there were no statistically significant differences between the placebo group and the control group （all P〉0.05）. As to the biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate, the biochemical pregnancy rate in the observation group was 64.9% and the clinical pregnancy rate was 52.6%, which were significantly higher than those in the placebo group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）, while there were no significant differences between the placebo group and the control group （both P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture treatment during the follicular phase can improve ovarian blood supply and pregnancy rate in those receiving IVF/ICSI-ET.

关键词： Acupuncture Therapy Infertility Female reproductive technology Assisted Fertilization in Vitro SpermInjections Intracytoplasmic Embryo Transfer Pregnancy Rate

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