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reproductive ecology of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Madagascar: the influence of density-dependent and -independent effects

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 66-86页

作者： Kathryn SCOBIE Soanandrasana RAHELINIRINA Voahangy SOARIMALALA Fehivola Mandanirina ANDRIAMIARIMANANA Corinne RAHAINGOSOAMAMITIANA Toky RANDRIAMORIA Soloandry RAHAJANDRAIBE Xavier LAMBIN Minoarisoa RAJERISON Sandra TELFER School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Plague Unit Institut Pasteur de MadagascarAntananarivoMadagascar Association Vahatra AntananarivoMadagascar

The black rat(Rattus rattus)poses a severe threat to food security and public health in Madagascar,where it is a major cause of pre-and post-harvest crop losses and an important reservoir for many zoonotic diseases,including ***,ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)strategies have been developed using ecologi-cal information to inform decisions on where and when to target *** could deliver improved health and well-being outcomes in Madagascar if adapted to the local ecological *** data collected from removal studies,we explored spatio-temporal patterns in the breeding activity of the black rat(***)in domestic and agricultural habitats across Madagascar and investigated to what extent these trends are influenced by rainfall and rat *** identified clear spatio-temporal variation in the seasonality of *** *** was highly seasonal both inside and outside of houses,but seasonal trends varied between these two ***-sonal trends were explained,in part,by variation in rainfall;however,the effect of rainfall on reproductive rates did itself vary by season and habitat type.A decline in breeding intensity with increasing rat density was recorded outside of *** has important implications for control,as populations may compensate for removal through increased *** recommend that sustained control initiated before the main breeding season,combined with improved hygiene and adequate rodent-proofing in homes and grain stores,could curtail population growth and reduce pre-and post-harvest losses provided that these measures overcome the compensatory response of rodent populations.

关键词： Madagascar Rattus rattus reproductive ecology rodent control

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reproductive ecology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第4期26卷 72-81页

作者： HONG Wanshu CHEN Shixi ZHANG Qiyong WANG Qiong State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Department of Oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

The reproductive ecology of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris was investigated during the spawning season in the Funing Bay, Fujian, China. The fish burrows were basically Y-shaped and had two openings onto the mudflats. Part of the intersection at the center of the burrow was dilated to form a ＂spawning chamber＂. The dissolved oxygen concentrations （ 0.40 ～ 0.65 mg/dm^3） of water 15 cm deep inside the burrows were much lower than those （5.96 ～ 6.19 mg/dm^3） of intertidal pool water. Water temperatures inside the burrows were much lower than those of intertidal pools. Field investigations indicated that eggs were laid on the inner wall and ceiling of the spawning chamber by means of filamentous attachments, and a male stayed inside the burrows to guard it. Field investigations also suggested that fish of both sexes constructed mud burrows by themselves but that the spawning chamber was made only in the male burrow. The male attracted a female to his burrow for mating and spawning. There was no water in the spawning chamber, and thus the eggs were exposed to the air in the chamber. Changes in spawning readiness and gunadosomatic index indicated that synchronization of spawning was related to the semi-lunar periodicity, and this is the first report of this relationship in the mudskippers.

关键词： Boleophthalmus pectinirostris reproductive ecology burrow fish

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Mojave desert tortoise(Gopherus agassizii)thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 282-294页

作者： Annette E.SIEG Megan M.GAMBONE Bryan P.WALLACE Susana CLUSELLATRULLAS James R.SPOTILA Harold W.AVERY Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan-DearbornDearbornMichiganUSA HDR Plymouth MeetingPennsylvaniaUSA Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine LaboratoryBeaufortNorth CarolinaUSA Stratus Consulting BoulderColoradoUSA Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7602South Africa Department of Biodiversity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Biology The College of New JerseyEwingNew JerseyUSA

Desert resource environments(***,food)are tied to limited,highly localized rainfall regimes which generate microgeographic variation in the life histories of ***,enhanced growth rates,reproduction and survivorship are observed in response to increased resource availability in a variety of desert plants and short-lived *** examined the thermal ecology and reproduction of US federally threatened Mojave desert tortoises(Gopherus agassizii),long-lived and large-bodied ectotherms,at opposite ends of a 250-m elevation-related rainfall cline within Ivanpah Valley in the eastern Mojave Desert,California,*** operative environments in both the upper-elevation,“Cima,”and the lower-elevation,“Pumphouse,”plots corresponded with daily and seasonal patterns of incident solar *** received 22%more rainfall and contained greater perennial vegetative cover,which conferred 5°C-cooler daytime shaded *** a monitored average rainfall year,Cima tortoises had longer potential activity periods by up to several hours and greater ephemeral *** resource availability in Cima was associated with larger-bodied females producing larger eggs,while still producing the same number of eggs as Pumphouse ***,reproductive success was lower in Cima because 90%of eggs were depredated versus 11%in Pumphouse,indicating that predatory interactions produced counter-gradient variation in reproductive success across the rainfall ***-use impacts on deserts(*** energy generation)are increasing rapidly,and conservation strategies designed to protect and recover threatened desert inhabitants,such as desert tortoises,should incorporate these strong ecosystem-level responses to regional resource variation in assessments of habitat for prospective development and mitigation efforts.

关键词： Gopherus agassizii operative environments reproductive ecology resource gradient

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Function of male and hermaphroditic flowers and size-dependent gender diphasy of Lloydia oxycarpa (Liliaceae) from Hengduan Mountains

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Plant Diversity 2017年第4期39卷 187-193页

作者： Yang Niu Qiangbang Gong Deli Peng Hang Sun Zhimin Li School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal University 650500 Kunming Yunnan China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences 132 Lanhei Road 650201 Kunming Yunnan China

Although hermaphroditism is common in flowering plants, unisexual flowers occur in many plant taxa,forming various sexual systems. However, the sexual system of some plants is difficult to determine morphologically, given that their sex expression may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Specifically, androdioecy(the coexistence of both male and hermaphroditic individuals in the same population) has often been confused with the gender diphasy, a gender strategy in which plants change their sex expression between seasons. We studied the reproductive function of male and hermaphroditic flowers of Lloydia oxycarpa(Liliaceae), in order to investigate its sexual system and determine whether it is a gender-diphasic species. We found that although male flowers occur in a considerable number of plants, relative to hermaphrodites, they did not exhibit any significant reproductive advantage in terms of flower size, pollen quantity, attractiveness to visitors or siring success. In addition, this plant has spontaneous self-pollination and showed no inbreeding depression. These results render the maintenance of male individuals almost impossible. Furthermore, a considerable number of individuals changed their sex in successive years. The sex expression was found to be related to bulb size and dry weight, with larger individuals producing hermaphroditic flowers and smaller individuals producing male flowers. These results suggest that L. oxycarpa is not an androdioecious plant but represents a rare case of size-dependent gender diphasy.

关键词： Gender diphasy Lloydia reproductive ecology Sexual system Size-dependent sex allocation

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Sea Turtle Nesting: What Is Known and What Are the Challenges under a Changing Climate Scenario

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Open Journal of ecology 2022年第1期12卷 1-35页

作者： Raquel A. M. São Miguel Rita Anastácio Mário J. Pereira Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Independent Researcher Aveiro Portugal Department of Biology & CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal

The rate of climate change experienced globally in recent decades may compromise sea turtles’ survival;especially temperature increase, which is particularly fast, impacts life history characteristics, such as temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), late maturity and sea turtles highly migratory nature. This review aims to identify and summarize the information that has been collected from 2009-2020 in order to aid future empirical studies that seek to fill these and other knowledge gaps, and subsequently assist conservationists in making multilevel decisions to protect sea turtle populations and species. In a summarized way the general knowledge acquired so far on the influence of environmental abiotic and biotic factors on nesting behaviour and hatching, emergence and survival successes of sea turtle hatchlings, was gathered. To accomplish this work, a search on Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI/PubMed, and Google Scholar was carried out using the terms “sea turtles + climate change”. Published articles in the period 2009-2020 were selected, related to the nesting ecology of 5 species of sea turtles: Caretta caretta, Eretmochelys imbricata, Dermochelys coriacea, Chelonia mydas, Lepidochelys olivacea. Emphasis was also placed on geographical information and on population location (e.g. climatic conditions during the nesting season). These articles (N = 126) were analysed giving relevance to researcher’s data interpretations, comparisons with other researches, and the reached conclusions. An attempt was made to represent all 5 species of sea turtles when selecting articles on each of the environmental factors that influence sea turtle nesting: temperature, humidity, nesting substrate, gases, depth of the nest, sea surface temperature (SST), nest location on the beach, nesting phenology and geographic distribution of nesting habitats. The interaction between these parameters and their consequences on the terrestr

关键词： reproductive ecology Sea Turtles Climate Change Nesting Phenology and Geographic Distribution of Nesting Habitats

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